Matsaloli da nazarin shari'ar cutarwar ƙwayoyi a cikin amfani da masu kula da haɓakar shuka
Tasirin masu kula da ci gaban shuka yana shafar abubuwa da yawa, ciki har da nau'ikan amfanin gona, matakan girma, wuraren aikace-aikacen, nau'ikan sarrafawa, haɓakawa, hanyoyin aikace-aikacen, da yanayin waje.
A cikin tsarin yin amfani da masu kula da haɓakar tsire-tsire, matsalar lalacewar magungunan kashe qwari ta yi fice musamman. Wannan labarin zai bincika musabbabin lalacewar masu sarrafa tsiro ta hanyar lamurra guda biyar na lalacewar amfanin gona.
1. Lokacin amfani mara kyau shine muhimmin dalilin lalacewar magungunan kashe qwari.
Akwai tsauraran ƙa'idodi akan lokacin amfani da masu kula da haɓakar shuka. Idan ba a zaɓi lokacin aikace-aikacen yadda ya kamata ba, zai haifar da lalacewar ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda zai haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa ko ma asarar hatsi. Daukar aikace-aikacen Forchlorfenuron akan kankana a matsayin misali, a karshen watan Mayun shekarar 2011, kankana na mazauna kauyen Yanling da ke garin Danyang na lardin Jiangsu, ta fashe saboda amfani da sinadarin “hormone fadada kankana”. Hasali ma fashewar kankana ba wai kai tsaye ne ke haifar da sinadarin fadada kankana ba, amma ana yin amfani da shi ne a lokacin da bai dace ba. Forchlorfenuron, lokacin amfani da ya dace shine ranar furen kankana ko kwana ɗaya kafin da bayan, kuma ana amfani da ƙwayar 10-20μg/g akan tayin kankana. Duk da haka, idan aka yi amfani da kankana bayan diamita ya wuce 15cm, zai haifar da phytotoxicity, wanda ke bayyana a matsayin kankana, maras kyau nama, raguwar zaƙi da rashin ɗanɗano. A lokuta masu tsanani, yana iya ma sa kankana ta fashe. Haka kuma, saboda Forchlorfenuron ba ya aiki, idan kankana ba ta da kyau sosai, yana iya haifar da nakasasshen kankana.
2. daidaitaccen sashi kuma shine dalilin gama gari na phytotoxicity.
Kowane mai sarrafa ci gaban shuka yana da takamaiman adadin sa.
Matsakaicin ƙananan sashi ba zai iya cimma tasirin da ake tsammani ba, yayin da yawan adadin adadin zai iya haifar da phytotoxicity. A matsayin misali, a shekarar 2010, manoman 'ya'yan itace a Mianyang, Sichuan, sun gano cewa inabin da suka shuka ya fado tun kafin ya cika, wanda hakan na iya faruwa saboda rashin amfani da Ethephon.
Nazari: Ethephon yana aiki da kyau wajen haɓaka launin innabi, amma nau'ikan innabi daban-daban suna buƙatar kula da daidaita hankali yayin amfani da shi. Don haka, dole ne a kula da hankali sosai, kuma dole ne a ɗauki dabarun feshi, girbi da siyarwa cikin matakai don guje wa asarar da ba dole ba. Manomin ya kasa bambance tsakanin inabi iri-iri da yanayin girma ya kuma fesa su duka da 500μg/g na Ethephon, wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da faɗuwar yawan inabi.
3.Different amfanin gona iri da daban-daban sensitivities zuwa iri daya shuka girma regulator
Tunda nau'ikan amfanin gona iri-iri suna da hankali daban-daban ga mai sarrafa shuka iri ɗaya, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan yayin amfani da shi. Ya kamata a fara gudanar da ƙananan gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da cewa yana da lafiya da tasiri kafin a inganta shi da kuma amfani da shi. Misali, α-Naphthyl Acetic Acid abu ne da ake amfani da shi sosai don adana furanni, adana 'ya'yan itace da kuma kumburin 'ya'yan itace, wanda galibi yana da tasirin gaske akan auduga, bishiyar 'ya'yan itace da kankana. Duk da haka, amfanin gona daban-daban suna da hankali daban-daban a gare shi. Misali, kankana na da matukar kula da sinadarin α-Naphthyl Acetic Acid, kuma yawan abin da ake amfani da shi dole ne a kula da shi sosai, in ba haka ba yana iya haifar da lalata. Manomin kankana bai yi la’akari da irin kankana ba sai ya fesa shi bisa ga yadda aka tattara gadan-gadan a cikin umarnin, wanda hakan ya haifar da juyewar ganyen kankana.
4.Yin amfani da ba daidai ba yana haifar da lalacewar magungunan kashe qwari
Ko da an yi amfani da tsarin haɓakar shuka iri ɗaya akan amfanin gona iri ɗaya, yana iya haifar da lalacewar ƙwayoyin cuta idan ba a yi amfani da shi daidai ba. Misali, aikace-aikacen Gibberellic Acid (GA3) akan inabi yana buƙatar ingantaccen lokaci da maida hankali. Idan aka yi amfani da shi ba daidai ba, kamar feshi maimakon tsoma gungun 'ya'yan itace, zai haifar da girman nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace daban-daban, yana shafar yawan amfanin ƙasa da inganci sosai.
5.Random mahadi na shuka girma regulators
Bugu da kari, bazuwar hadewar masu kula da girma shuka na iya haifar da matsala. Ana iya samun mu'amala tsakanin masu kula da haɓakar tsirrai daban-daban, wanda ke haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali ko rashin daidaituwa. Don haka, ya kamata a bi jagorar ƙwararru yayin amfani da su don tabbatar da aminci da inganci.
Fasahar haɓakar masu kula da haɓakar shuka na iya sau da yawa cimma tasirin haɗin gwiwa bayan yin gwajin dabara a hankali da kuma tabbatar da gwajin filin.
6.Sauran lokuta na rashin daidaitattun amfani da kwayoyi
Lokacin amfani da masu kula da ci gaban shuka, dole ne a bi hanyar da ta dace, lokaci da maida hankali sosai don tabbatar da cewa sun taka rawar da suka dace da kuma guje wa lalacewar ƙwayoyi. Alal misali, aikace-aikacen paclobutrazol a kan bishiyoyin apple na iya haifar da mummunar tasiri idan aka yi amfani da shi ba daidai ba. Lokacin da bishiyoyin apple suka girma zuwa tsire-tsire masu amfani, yin amfani da 2 zuwa 3 grams na Paclobutrasol zuwa tushen kowane bishiyar kimanin mita 5 a cikin kaka na mako guda zai iya sarrafa ci gaban sabon harbe a cikin shekara ta biyu, kuma har yanzu yana da tasiri. a shekara ta uku. Duk da haka, idan Paclobutrazol an fesa a wani taro na 300 micrograms / gram lokacin da sabon harbe na apple bishiyar girma zuwa 5 zuwa 10 cm, ko da yake zai iya hana ci gaban da sabon harbe, idan kashi bai dace ba, zai iya hana. al'ada girma na apple itatuwa, haifar da rage yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma rage 'ya'yan itace ingancin.
Bugu da kari, yanayin muhalli suma mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar tasirin masu kula da ci gaban shuka.
Misali, tasirin 1-Naphthyl Acetic Acid akan adana 'ya'yan tumatir yana shafar yanayin zafi. Lokacin da zafin jiki yana ƙasa da 20 ℃ ko sama da 35 ℃, tasirin adana 'ya'yan itace ba shi da kyau; yayin da a cikin kewayon zafin jiki na 25-30 ℃, tasirin adana 'ya'yan itace ya fi dacewa. Hakanan, aikace-aikacen Forchlorfenuron akan cucumbers shima yana buƙatar kula da lokacin. Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a ranar da kokwamba ya yi fure. Idan lokacin da aka rasa ko sashi bai dace ba, kokwamba na iya ci gaba da girma a cikin firiji, amma dandano da ingancin za a rage muhimmanci.
A cikin tsarin yin amfani da masu kula da haɓakar tsire-tsire, matsalar lalacewar magungunan kashe qwari ta yi fice musamman. Wannan labarin zai bincika musabbabin lalacewar masu sarrafa tsiro ta hanyar lamurra guda biyar na lalacewar amfanin gona.
1. Lokacin amfani mara kyau shine muhimmin dalilin lalacewar magungunan kashe qwari.
Akwai tsauraran ƙa'idodi akan lokacin amfani da masu kula da haɓakar shuka. Idan ba a zaɓi lokacin aikace-aikacen yadda ya kamata ba, zai haifar da lalacewar ƙwayoyin cuta, wanda zai haifar da raguwar yawan amfanin ƙasa ko ma asarar hatsi. Daukar aikace-aikacen Forchlorfenuron akan kankana a matsayin misali, a karshen watan Mayun shekarar 2011, kankana na mazauna kauyen Yanling da ke garin Danyang na lardin Jiangsu, ta fashe saboda amfani da sinadarin “hormone fadada kankana”. Hasali ma fashewar kankana ba wai kai tsaye ne ke haifar da sinadarin fadada kankana ba, amma ana yin amfani da shi ne a lokacin da bai dace ba. Forchlorfenuron, lokacin amfani da ya dace shine ranar furen kankana ko kwana ɗaya kafin da bayan, kuma ana amfani da ƙwayar 10-20μg/g akan tayin kankana. Duk da haka, idan aka yi amfani da kankana bayan diamita ya wuce 15cm, zai haifar da phytotoxicity, wanda ke bayyana a matsayin kankana, maras kyau nama, raguwar zaƙi da rashin ɗanɗano. A lokuta masu tsanani, yana iya ma sa kankana ta fashe. Haka kuma, saboda Forchlorfenuron ba ya aiki, idan kankana ba ta da kyau sosai, yana iya haifar da nakasasshen kankana.
2. daidaitaccen sashi kuma shine dalilin gama gari na phytotoxicity.
Kowane mai sarrafa ci gaban shuka yana da takamaiman adadin sa.
Matsakaicin ƙananan sashi ba zai iya cimma tasirin da ake tsammani ba, yayin da yawan adadin adadin zai iya haifar da phytotoxicity. A matsayin misali, a shekarar 2010, manoman 'ya'yan itace a Mianyang, Sichuan, sun gano cewa inabin da suka shuka ya fado tun kafin ya cika, wanda hakan na iya faruwa saboda rashin amfani da Ethephon.
Nazari: Ethephon yana aiki da kyau wajen haɓaka launin innabi, amma nau'ikan innabi daban-daban suna buƙatar kula da daidaita hankali yayin amfani da shi. Don haka, dole ne a kula da hankali sosai, kuma dole ne a ɗauki dabarun feshi, girbi da siyarwa cikin matakai don guje wa asarar da ba dole ba. Manomin ya kasa bambance tsakanin inabi iri-iri da yanayin girma ya kuma fesa su duka da 500μg/g na Ethephon, wanda a ƙarshe ya haifar da faɗuwar yawan inabi.
3.Different amfanin gona iri da daban-daban sensitivities zuwa iri daya shuka girma regulator
Tunda nau'ikan amfanin gona iri-iri suna da hankali daban-daban ga mai sarrafa shuka iri ɗaya, dole ne a yi taka tsantsan yayin amfani da shi. Ya kamata a fara gudanar da ƙananan gwaje-gwaje don tabbatar da cewa yana da lafiya da tasiri kafin a inganta shi da kuma amfani da shi. Misali, α-Naphthyl Acetic Acid abu ne da ake amfani da shi sosai don adana furanni, adana 'ya'yan itace da kuma kumburin 'ya'yan itace, wanda galibi yana da tasirin gaske akan auduga, bishiyar 'ya'yan itace da kankana. Duk da haka, amfanin gona daban-daban suna da hankali daban-daban a gare shi. Misali, kankana na da matukar kula da sinadarin α-Naphthyl Acetic Acid, kuma yawan abin da ake amfani da shi dole ne a kula da shi sosai, in ba haka ba yana iya haifar da lalata. Manomin kankana bai yi la’akari da irin kankana ba sai ya fesa shi bisa ga yadda aka tattara gadan-gadan a cikin umarnin, wanda hakan ya haifar da juyewar ganyen kankana.
4.Yin amfani da ba daidai ba yana haifar da lalacewar magungunan kashe qwari
Ko da an yi amfani da tsarin haɓakar shuka iri ɗaya akan amfanin gona iri ɗaya, yana iya haifar da lalacewar ƙwayoyin cuta idan ba a yi amfani da shi daidai ba. Misali, aikace-aikacen Gibberellic Acid (GA3) akan inabi yana buƙatar ingantaccen lokaci da maida hankali. Idan aka yi amfani da shi ba daidai ba, kamar feshi maimakon tsoma gungun 'ya'yan itace, zai haifar da girman nau'ikan 'ya'yan itace daban-daban, yana shafar yawan amfanin ƙasa da inganci sosai.
5.Random mahadi na shuka girma regulators
Bugu da kari, bazuwar hadewar masu kula da girma shuka na iya haifar da matsala. Ana iya samun mu'amala tsakanin masu kula da haɓakar tsirrai daban-daban, wanda ke haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali ko rashin daidaituwa. Don haka, ya kamata a bi jagorar ƙwararru yayin amfani da su don tabbatar da aminci da inganci.
Fasahar haɓakar masu kula da haɓakar shuka na iya sau da yawa cimma tasirin haɗin gwiwa bayan yin gwajin dabara a hankali da kuma tabbatar da gwajin filin.
6.Sauran lokuta na rashin daidaitattun amfani da kwayoyi
Lokacin amfani da masu kula da ci gaban shuka, dole ne a bi hanyar da ta dace, lokaci da maida hankali sosai don tabbatar da cewa sun taka rawar da suka dace da kuma guje wa lalacewar ƙwayoyi. Alal misali, aikace-aikacen paclobutrazol a kan bishiyoyin apple na iya haifar da mummunar tasiri idan aka yi amfani da shi ba daidai ba. Lokacin da bishiyoyin apple suka girma zuwa tsire-tsire masu amfani, yin amfani da 2 zuwa 3 grams na Paclobutrasol zuwa tushen kowane bishiyar kimanin mita 5 a cikin kaka na mako guda zai iya sarrafa ci gaban sabon harbe a cikin shekara ta biyu, kuma har yanzu yana da tasiri. a shekara ta uku. Duk da haka, idan Paclobutrazol an fesa a wani taro na 300 micrograms / gram lokacin da sabon harbe na apple bishiyar girma zuwa 5 zuwa 10 cm, ko da yake zai iya hana ci gaban da sabon harbe, idan kashi bai dace ba, zai iya hana. al'ada girma na apple itatuwa, haifar da rage yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma rage 'ya'yan itace ingancin.
Bugu da kari, yanayin muhalli suma mahimman abubuwan da ke shafar tasirin masu kula da ci gaban shuka.
Misali, tasirin 1-Naphthyl Acetic Acid akan adana 'ya'yan tumatir yana shafar yanayin zafi. Lokacin da zafin jiki yana ƙasa da 20 ℃ ko sama da 35 ℃, tasirin adana 'ya'yan itace ba shi da kyau; yayin da a cikin kewayon zafin jiki na 25-30 ℃, tasirin adana 'ya'yan itace ya fi dacewa. Hakanan, aikace-aikacen Forchlorfenuron akan cucumbers shima yana buƙatar kula da lokacin. Ya kamata a yi amfani da shi a ranar da kokwamba ya yi fure. Idan lokacin da aka rasa ko sashi bai dace ba, kokwamba na iya ci gaba da girma a cikin firiji, amma dandano da ingancin za a rage muhimmanci.
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