Nau'i da ayyuka na shuka girma hormone

Akwai nau'ikan hormones girma na shuka guda 6, wato auxin, Gibberellic Acid GA3, Cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid da brassinosteroids, BRs.

Shuka girma hormone, wanda kuma ake kira tsire-tsire na halitta hormones ko shuka endogenous hormones, yana nufin wasu nau'i-nau'i na kwayoyin halitta da aka samar a cikin tsire-tsire waɗanda zasu iya tsarawa (ingantawa, hana) tsarin tafiyar da jikin su.

1. Nau'in girma hormone girma
A halin yanzu an san nau'ikan phytohormones guda biyar, wato auxin, Gibberellic Acid GA3, Cytokinin, ethylene, da abscisic acid. Kwanan nan, brassinosteroids (BRs) an gane a hankali a matsayin babban nau'i na shida na phytohormones.
1. auxin
(1) Ganowa: auxin shine farkon hormone da aka gano.
(2) Rarraba: auxin yana yadu a cikin tsire-tsire, amma ana rarraba shi a cikin girma mai ƙarfi da ƙananan sassa. Kamar su: Tushen tushe, Tushen tushen, ɗakin haihuwa, da sauransu.
(3) Sufuri: Akwai jigilar polar (za'a iya jigilar su kawai daga saman ƙarshen ilimin halittar jiki zuwa ƙananan ƙarshen kuma ba za a iya jigilar su ta hanyar juyawa ba) da kuma abubuwan da ba na polar ba. A cikin tushe shi ne ta hanyar phloem, a cikin coleoptile shi ne sel parenchyma, kuma a cikin ganye yana cikin veins.

2. Gibberellic acid (GA3)
(1) Mai suna Gibberellic Acid GA3 a cikin 1938; An gano tsarin sinadarairta a shekarar 1959.
(2) Rukunin hadawa: Gibberellic Acid GA3 ana samunsa a cikin manyan tsire-tsire, kuma wurin da yake da mafi girman ayyukan Gibberellic Acid GA3 shine wurin girmar shuka.
(3) Sufuri: Gibberellic Acid GA3 ba shi da jigilar polar a cikin tsire-tsire. Bayan haɗuwa a cikin jiki, ana iya ɗaukar shi ta hanyoyi biyu, zuwa ƙasa ta cikin phloem, zuwa sama ta hanyar xylem kuma yana tashi tare da motsin motsi.

3. Cytokinin
(1) Ganowa: Daga 1962 zuwa 1964, Cytokinin na halitta an fara keɓe shi daga ƙwaya mai zaki a farkon matakin cika kwanaki 11 zuwa 16 bayan hadi, mai suna zeatin kuma an gano tsarin sinadarai.
(2) Sufuri da metabolism: Ana samun Cytokinin a cikin girma da ƙarfi, rarraba kyallen takarda ko gabobin jiki, iri marasa girma, germinating iri da girma 'ya'yan itace.

4. Abscisic acid
(1) Ganowa: A lokacin rayuwar shuka, idan yanayin rayuwa bai dace ba, wasu gabobin (kamar 'ya'yan itace, ganye, da sauransu) zasu fadi; ko kuma a ƙarshen lokacin girma, ganyen zai faɗi, ya daina girma, ya shiga cikin kwanciyar hankali. A lokacin waɗannan matakai, tsire-tsire suna samar da nau'in hormone na shuka wanda ke hana haɓakawa da haɓakawa, wato abscisic acid. Don haka abscisic acid alama ce ta balaga iri da juriya.
(2) Dandalin hadawa: Biosynthesis da metabolism na abscisic acid. Tushen, mai tushe, ganye, 'ya'yan itatuwa, da tsaba a cikin tsire-tsire na iya haɗawa abscisic acid.
(3) Transport: Abscisic acid za a iya hawa a cikin xylem da phloem. Yawancin ana jigilar su a cikin phloem.

5.Ethylene
(1) Ethylene iskar gas ce wacce ta fi iska wuta a yanayin zafi da matsi na yanayin yanayin physiological. Ayyukan aiki a wurin da aka haɗa kuma ba a jigilar su.
(2) Duk gabobin tsire-tsire masu girma na iya samar da ethylene, amma adadin ethylene da aka saki ya bambanta a cikin kyallen takarda, gabobin da matakan ci gaba. Misali, balagagge kyallen takarda suna sakin ethylene kadan, yayin da meristems, germination iri, furanni da suka bushe da 'ya'yan itatuwa suna samar da mafi yawan ethylene.

2. Physiological effects na shuka girma hormone
1. Auxin:
Yana haɓaka haɓakar shuka. Inganta rabon tantanin halitta.
2. Gibberellic Acid GA3:
Yana haɓaka rabon tantanin halitta da ƙara tsawo. Inganta bolting da fure. Karya barci. Haɓaka bambancin furen namiji da ƙara ƙimar saitin iri.
3. Cytokinin:
Yana haɓaka rabon tantanin halitta. Haɓaka bambancin toho. Inganta fadada tantanin halitta. Haɓaka haɓakar buds na gefe da kuma sauƙaƙe fa'idar apical.

3. Shin hormone girma na shuka ne?
1. Mai sarrafa girma shuka shine hormone. hormone girma shuka yana nufin gano sinadarai a zahiri da ke cikin tsire-tsire waɗanda ke daidaitawa da sarrafa ci gaban shuka da haɓaka. Ana kuma kiransa da kwayoyin halittar endogenous hormones.
2. Ana samun tsarin ci gaban shuka ta hanyar haɗakarwa ta wucin gadi ko hakar, da kuma ta hanyar fermentation na microbial, da sauransu, kuma yawanci ana kiransa hormones exogenous.
Wato, auxin, Gibberellic Acid (GA), Cytokinin (CTK), abscisic acid (ABA), ethyne (ETH) da brassinosteroid (BR). Dukansu ƙananan ƙwayoyin ƙwayoyin halitta ne masu sauƙi, amma tasirin ilimin halittar jikinsu yana da rikitarwa da bambanta. Alal misali, sun bambanta daga rinjayar rabon tantanin halitta, haɓakawa, da bambance-bambance zuwa tasiri ga germination shuka, tushen, fure, 'ya'yan itace, ƙaddarar jima'i, dormancy, da abscission. Don haka, hormones na shuka suna taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen daidaitawa da sarrafa girma da haɓaka shuka.