Nā ʻano a me nā hana o ka hormone ulu ulu

Aia he 6 mau ʻano hormone ulu ulu, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo auxin, Gibberellic Acid GA3, Cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid a me brassinosteroids, BRs.

Hormone ulu ulu, i kapa ʻia hoʻi he mea kanu hormones maoli a mea kanu i nā hormones endogenous, e pili ana i kekahi mau ʻāpana o nā pūhui organik i hana ʻia i loko o nā mea kanu hiki ke hoʻoponopono (hoʻoulu, hoʻopaʻa) i kā lākou mau hana physiological.

1. Nā ʻano hormone ulu ulu
Aia i kēia manawa ʻelima mau ʻāpana o nā phytohormones, ʻo ia hoʻi ʻo auxin, Gibberellic Acid GA3, Cytokinin, ethylene, a me abscisic acid. I kēia mau lā, ua ʻike ʻia nā brassinosteroids (BRs) i ke ono o ka nui o nā phytohormones.
1. auxina
(1) ʻIke: ʻo auxin ka hormone mea kanu mua loa i ʻike ʻia.
(2) Ka hāʻawi ʻana: ua hoʻolaha nui ʻia ka auxin i nā mea kanu, akā hoʻolaha nui ʻia i nā ʻāpana ulu ikaika a me nā ʻōpio. E like me: kumu kumu, kumu kumu, keʻena fertilization, etc.
(3) Ka lawe ʻana: Aia nā polar transport (hiki ke lawe wale ʻia mai ka piko o ka morphology a hiki i ka ʻaoʻao haʻahaʻa a ʻaʻole hiki ke lawe ʻia i ka ʻaoʻao ʻaoʻao) a me nā ʻano mea hoʻokele non-polar. Aia ma ke kumu ma o ka phloem, ma ka coleoptile ka parenchyma cell, a ma ka lau aia i loko o nā veins.

2. ʻAka Gibberellic (GA3)
(1) Kapa ʻia ʻo Gibberellic Acid GA3 i ka makahiki 1938; Ua ʻike ʻia kona ʻano kemika i ka makahiki 1959.
(2) Paena Synthesis: Loaʻa pinepine ʻia ka Gibberellic Acid GA3 i nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe, a ʻo ka pūnaewele me ka hana kiʻekiʻe loa o ka Gibberellic Acid GA3 kahi kahua o ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu.
(3) Kaʻahele: ʻAʻole loaʻa i ka Gibberellic Acid GA3 ka halihali polar i nā mea kanu. Ma hope o ka synthesis i loko o ke kino, hiki ke lawe ʻia i ʻelua ʻaoʻao, i lalo ma o ka phloem, a i luna ma o ka xylem a piʻi aʻe me ke kahe o ka transpiration.

3. Cytokinin
(1) Loaʻa: Mai ka makahiki 1962 a hiki i ka makahiki 1964, ua hoʻokaʻawale mua ʻia ʻo Cytokinin maoli mai nā ʻano kulina momona i ka hoʻopiha mua ʻana i ka manawa 11 a 16 mau lā ma hope o ka hoʻomomona ʻana, ua kapa ʻia ʻo zeatin a ua ʻike ʻia kona ʻano kemika.
(2) Ka lawe ʻana a me ka metabolism: Loaʻa pinepine ʻia ʻo Cytokinin i ka ulu ikaika ʻana, ka māhele ʻana i nā ʻiʻo a i ʻole nā ​​​​okano, nā ʻanoʻano makua ʻole, nā ʻanoʻano ulu a me nā hua ulu.

4. ʻAkaʻakika Abscisic
(1) ʻIke: I ka wā o ke ola ʻana o kahi mea kanu, inā ʻaʻole kūpono ke ʻano o ka noho ʻana, hāʻule kekahi mau kino (e like me nā hua, nā lau, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe); a i ka pau ʻana o ke kau ulu, hāʻule nā ​​lau, pau ka ulu ʻana, a komo i ka dormancy. I loko o kēia mau kaʻina hana, hana nā mea kanu i kahi ʻano hormone mea kanu e pale ai i ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana, ʻo ia ka abscisic acid. No laila, ʻo ka waikawa abscisic kahi hōʻailona o ka ulu ʻana o ka hua a me ke kūpaʻa koʻikoʻi.
(2) Paena Synthesis: Biosynthesis a me ka metabolism o ka waikawa abscisic. Hiki i nā aʻa, nā ʻōpala, nā lau, nā hua, a me nā ʻanoʻano i loko o nā mea kanu ke hoʻohui i ka waikawa abscisic.
(3) Kaʻahele: hiki ke lawe ʻia ka waikawa abscisic i ka xylem a me ka phloem. Lawe ʻia ka hapa nui ma ka phloem.

5. Ethylene
(1) He kinoea ʻoi aku ka māmā o ka ethylene ma mua o ka ea ma ka mahana a me ke kaomi o ke kaiapuni physiological. Hana ʻia ma ke kahua o ka synthesis a ʻaʻole lawe ʻia.
(2) Hiki i nā ʻāpana o nā mea kanu kiʻekiʻe ke hana i ka ethylene, akā ʻokoʻa ka nui o ka ethylene i hoʻokuʻu ʻia ma nā ʻiʻo like ʻole, nā ʻāpana a me nā pae hoʻomohala. No ka laʻana, hoʻokuʻu liʻiliʻi ka ethylene i nā ʻiʻo makua, ʻoiai nā meristems, ka hoʻoulu ʻana i nā ʻanoʻano, nā pua i maloʻo wale a hua nā hua i ka ethylene nui loa.

2. Nā hopena kino o ka hormone ulu ulu
1. Auxin:
Hoʻoikaika i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu. E hoʻoikaika i ka mahele pūnaewele.
2. Gibberellic Acid GA3:
Hoʻoikaika i ka māhele cell a me ka elongation stem. Hoʻoikaika i ka bolting a me ka pua. Wehe i ka dormancy. Hoʻoikaika i ka ʻokoʻa pua kāne a hoʻonui i ka helu hoʻonohonoho hua.
3. Cytokinin:
Hoʻoikaika i ka mahele pūnaewele. E paipai i ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana o nā pua. Paipai i ka hoʻonui ʻana o ke kelepona. Hoʻoikaika i ka hoʻomohala ʻana o nā ʻōpala lateral a hoʻomaha i ka pono apical.

3. He hormone hoʻoponopono ulu ka mea kanu?
1. He hormone ka mea hoʻoponopono ulu. ʻO ka hormone ulu ulu e pili ana i nā mea kemika i loaʻa maoli i nā mea kanu e hoʻoponopono a mālama i ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana o ka mea kanu. Ua kapa ʻia ʻo Plant endogenous hormones.
2. Loaʻa ʻia ka mea hoʻoponopono ulu ma o ka synthesis artificial a extraction, a me ka microbial fermentation, etc., a ua kapa ʻia ʻo Plant exogenous hormones.
ʻO ia hoʻi, auxin, Gibberellic Acid (GA), Cytokinin (CTK), abscisic acid (ABA), ethyne (ETH) a me brassinosteroid (BR). He mau pūhui organik liʻiliʻi liʻiliʻi lākou a pau, akā paʻakikī a ʻokoʻa ko lākou hopena physiological. No ka laʻana, pili lākou mai ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka mahele cell, elongation, a me ka hoʻokaʻawale ʻana i ka pili ʻana i ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu, ka ʻaʻa ʻana, ka pua, ka hua ʻana, ka hoʻoholo ʻana i ka wahine, ka dormancy, a me ka abscission. No laila, he kuleana koʻikoʻi nā hormones kanu i ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a me ka mālama ʻana i ka ulu a me ka ulu ʻana o nā mea kanu.