Hom thiab kev ua haujlwm ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj hlob hormone

Muaj 6 hom kev loj hlob cov tshuaj hormones, xws li auxin, Gibberellic Acid GA3, Cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid thiab brassinosteroids, BRs.

Cog kev loj hlob hormone, tseem hu ua cov tshuaj hormones cog qoob loo lossis cov tshuaj hormones endogenous, hais txog qee qhov kab ntawm cov organic tebchaw uas ua rau cov nroj tsuag uas tuaj yeem tswj hwm (txhim kho, inhibit) lawv tus kheej cov txheej txheem physiological.

1. Hom cog kev loj hlob hormone
Tam sim no muaj tsib pawg pom zoo ntawm phytohormones, uas yog auxin, Gibberellic Acid GA3, Cytokinin, ethylene, thiab abscisic acid. Tsis ntev los no, brassinosteroids (BRs) tau maj mam lees paub tias yog qeb thib rau ntawm phytohormones.
1. auxin
(1) Kev Tshawb Fawb: auxin yog cov tshuaj hormones cog thaum ntxov tshaj plaws.
(2) Kev faib tawm: auxin yog dav faib rau hauv cov nroj tsuag, tab sis nws yog feem ntau faib rau hauv qhov chaw loj hlob thiab cov tub ntxhais hluas. Xws li: qia taub, hauv paus taub hau, fertilization chamber, thiab lwm yam.
(3) Kev thauj mus los: Muaj kev thauj mus los ntawm lub ncov qaumteb qabteb (tsuas yog tuaj yeem thauj tau los ntawm qhov kawg ntawm morphology mus rau qhov qis kawg thiab tsis tuaj yeem thauj mus rau qhov thim rov qab) thiab qhov tshwm sim tsis yog-polar thauj. Nyob rau hauv lub qia nws yog los ntawm phloem, nyob rau hauv lub coleoptile nws yog lub parenchyma hlwb, thiab nyob rau hauv nplooj nws yog nyob rau hauv cov leeg.

2. Gibberellik Acid (GA3)
(1) Lub npe hu ua Gibberellic Acid GA3 hauv xyoo 1938; nws cov qauv tshuaj raug txheeb xyuas hauv xyoo 1959.
(2) Qhov chaw Synthesis: Gibberellic Acid GA3 feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag siab dua, thiab qhov chaw uas muaj kev ua haujlwm siab tshaj plaws ntawm Gibberellic Acid GA3 yog qhov chaw cog qoob loo.
(3) Kev thauj mus los: Gibberellic Acid GA3 tsis muaj kev thauj mus los hauv cov nroj tsuag. Tom qab synthesis hauv lub cev, nws tuaj yeem thauj mus rau hauv ob qho kev qhia, nqes los ntawm phloem, thiab nce los ntawm xylem thiab nce nrog cov dej ntws.

3. Cytokinin
(1) Kev Tshawb Fawb: Los ntawm 1962 txog 1964, ntuj Cytokinin yog thawj zaug cais tawm ntawm cov pob kws qab zib thaum lub sij hawm sau thaum ntxov 11 txog 16 hnub tom qab fertilization, npe zeatin thiab nws cov qauv tshuaj raug txheeb xyuas.
(2) Kev thauj mus los thiab cov metabolism: Cytokinin feem ntau pom muaj nyob rau hauv kev loj hlob zuj zus, faib cov ntaub so ntswg lossis cov khoom nruab nrog cev, cov noob tsis paub qab hau, germinating noob thiab loj hlob txiv hmab txiv ntoo.

4. Abscisic acid
(1) Kev Tshawb Fawb: Thaum lub sij hawm lub neej ntawm cov nroj tsuag, yog tias cov kev ua neej nyob tsis haum, qee lub cev (xws li txiv hmab txiv ntoo, nplooj, thiab lwm yam) yuav poob; los yog thaum kawg ntawm lub caij loj hlob, nplooj yuav poob tawm, nres loj hlob, thiab nkag mus rau dormancy. Thaum lub sij hawm cov txheej txheem no, cov nroj tsuag tsim ib hom nroj tsuag hormone uas inhibits kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob, uas yog abscisic acid. Yog li abscisic acid yog lub teeb liab ntawm cov noob kom loj hlob thiab kev ntxhov siab.
(2) Synthesis site: Biosynthesis thiab metabolism ntawm abscisic acid. Cov hauv paus hniav, stems, nplooj, txiv hmab txiv ntoo, thiab cov noob hauv cov nroj tsuag tuaj yeem sib xyaw abscisic acid.
(3) Kev thauj mus los: abscisic acid tuaj yeem thauj tau hauv xylem thiab phloem. Feem ntau yog thauj hauv phloem.

5. Ethylene
(1) Ethylene yog ib qho roj uas sib zog dua huab cua ntawm qhov kub thiab txias ntawm qhov chaw ntawm lub cev. Ua haujlwm ntawm qhov chaw ntawm kev sib txuas thiab tsis thauj.
(2) Txhua lub cev ntawm cov nroj tsuag siab dua tuaj yeem tsim cov ethylene, tab sis tus nqi ntawm cov ethylene tso tawm txawv ntawm cov ntaub so ntswg, kab mob thiab cov theem ntawm kev loj hlob. Piv txwv li, cov ntaub so ntswg paub tab tso tawm tsawg dua ethylene, thaum meristems, noob germination, paj uas nyuam qhuav withered thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo tsim ethylene tshaj plaws.

2. Physiological teebmeem ntawm cov nroj tsuag loj hlob hormone
1. Auxin:
Txhawb kev cog qoob loo. Txhawb kev faib cell.
2. Gibberellik Acid GA3:
Txhawb nqa cell faib thiab qia elongation. Txhawb nqa bolting thiab flowering. Ua rau dormancy. Txhawb cov txiv neej paj sib txawv thiab ua kom cov noob qoob loo nce.
3. Cytokinin:
Txhawb nqa cell faib. Txhawb nqa bud sib txawv. Txhawb nqa cell expansion. Txhawb txoj kev loj hlob ntawm lateral buds thiab txo cov apical kom zoo dua.

3. Puas yog cog kev loj hlob regulator hormone?
1. Cog kev loj hlob regulator yog ib yam tshuaj hormones. Cog loj hlob hormone hais txog cov tshuaj ib txwm muaj nyob rau hauv cov nroj tsuag uas tswj thiab tswj cov nroj tsuag loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob. Nws tseem hu ua Plant endogenous hormones.
2. Cog kev loj hlob regulato yog tau los ntawm cov khoom siv hluavtaws los yog extraction, nrog rau los ntawm microbial fermentation, thiab lwm yam, thiab feem ntau kuj hu ua Plant exogenous hormones.
Namely, auxin, Gibberellic Acid (GA), Cytokinin (CTK), abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (ETH) thiab brassinosteroid (BR). Lawv yog tag nrho cov yooj yim me me-molecule organic tebchaw, tab sis lawv physiological teebmeem yog complex thiab ntau haiv neeg. Piv txwv li, lawv muaj los ntawm kev cuam tshuam ntawm cell division, elongation, thiab sib txawv rau cov nroj tsuag germination, rooting, flowering, fruiting, kev sib deev txiav txim, dormancy, thiab abscission. Yog li ntawd, cov tshuaj hormones cog ua lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev tswj thiab tswj cov nroj tsuag kev loj hlob thiab kev loj hlob.