Zomwe Zimayambitsa ndi Njira Zowongolerera Zothyola Mphesa

Nthawi yakucha ndi kusintha mitundu ya mphesa zakutchire imagwirizana ndi nthawi ya mvula yambiri, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimayambitsa kusweka kwa mphesa. Zizindikiro zake ndi izi: khungu losweka, kutuluka kwa madzi, ndi mabala omwe amatha kutenga matenda oyamba ndi fungus ndikuwola pansi pa chinyezi chambiri. Izi zimakopa tizirombo monga kafadala, njuchi, ntchentche, ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, zomwe zimayamwa madzi, zomwe zimakhudza kukolola kwa mphesa ndi ubwino wake, ndikuchepetsa mwachindunji mtengo wamalonda wa mphesa.

I. Zomwe Zimayambitsa Kusweka kwa Mphesa

1. Mphesa ikaphulika ndikulowa mu gawo losintha mtundu, khungu limasiya kukula, pamene maselo mkati mwa chipatso amakula mofulumira, kukanikiza khungu lakunja ndikupangitsa kuti likhale lochepa. Kugwa kwamvula kosalekeza panthawiyi kumabweretsa kuyamwa kwamadzi kwambiri ndi ma cell, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuthamanga kwambiri kwa turgor ndikusweka.

Khungu la mphesa ndi losalimba, ndipo mphamvu zake zimachepa pamene chipatsocho chikukula.

2. Kuperewera kwa calcium kumabweretsa kusweka. Calcium imatenga nawo gawo mu kapangidwe ka khoma la cell mu mawonekedwe a calcium pectin. Kuperewera kwa calcium kumalepheretsa mapangidwe a ma cell, kusokoneza kugawanika kwa maselo komanso kulepheretsa mapangidwe atsopano. Zimapangitsanso kuti masamba a mphesa azipiringizika kumbali ina, kuchulukitsa kusweka kwa zipatso, kumachepetsa kulimba kwa zipatso, ndikupangitsa kuti chipatsocho chisavutike ndi mayendedwe ndi kusungidwa.

3. Kukula kwamphamvu kwa mpesa ndi mpweya woipa ndi kulowa mkati mopepuka, limodzi ndi kusowa kwa mulu ndi kuyika kwa zipatso, kumabweretsa kusweka kwa zipatso pambuyo pa kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera zipatso.

4. Kuchulukirachulukira kwa zinthu zakucha zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito panthawi yosintha mitundu kungayambitsenso kusweka kwa zipatso.

II. Njira Zopewera Kusweka Kwa Mphesa

1. Yendetsani chinyezi m'nthaka. Thirirani mwachangu pa nthawi ya chilala komanso kupewa kuthirira madzi mvula ikagwa.

2. Panthawi yakucha kwa zipatso, tsatirani mfundo ya "zochepa pang'ono, kuthirira pafupipafupi" kuti mupewe kutentha kwakukulu ndi chinyezi, zomwe zimachepetsa kutentha kwa mpweya ndikuwonjezera kuthamanga kwa zipatso za turgor, zomwe zimayambitsa kusweka.

3. Zipatso zikatha, chepetsani maguluwo ndikusintha kuchuluka kwa zipatso pachomera. Onetsetsani kuti tinthu tating'ono ting'onoting'ono kuti tichepetse kupsinjika ndi kusweka kwa zipatso.

4. Onjezani feteleza wa calcium panthawi yonse ya kukula.

Samalirani kuchuluka kwa michere mukamagwiritsa ntchito feteleza. Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza woyenerera kumayambiriro, ndipo ganizirani feteleza wa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu panthawi yokulitsa zipatso. Chelated calcium fetereza angagwiritsidwe ntchito musananyamula chipatso kamodzi. Kuphatikizika kwa calcium panthawi yake pakukulitsa zipatso kumatha kukulitsa mphamvu yamitengo komanso kulimba kwa khungu la zipatso, kupewa kusweka.

Calcium imakhazikitsa ma cell membranes ndikusunga ma cell khoma muzomera. Calcium supplementation imalimbitsa khungu la zipatso, koma sizimatsimikizira kupewa ming'alu; zimangowonjezera kulimba kwa khungu komanso kumachepetsa kusweka.

5. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito zocha, ikani 5% -10% ya mphesa pagulu limodzi lasintha mtundu. Nthawi zambiri tikulimbikitsidwa kuti Ethephon ndi asidi abscisic asagwiritsidwe ntchito pawokha, koma kuphatikiza ndi othandizira ena.

Wothandizira: Pinsoa (5% Prohexadione calcium) imatha kuchepetsa kusweka kwa zipatso ikagwiritsidwa ntchito pakukulitsa mphesa ndikusintha mtundu.