Nthawi Yofunika Kukula Mphesa: Njira Zogwiritsira Ntchito Zowongolera Kukula kwa Zomera Zisanayambe ndi Pambuyo Kuphuka.
1. Kupititsa patsogolo Chipatso Chokhazikika mu Kyoho Mphesa
Mlungu umodzi musanayambe maluwa, phatikizani kukaniza ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mepiquat chloride (750-1000 mg/L) + chelated boron (nthawi 1500 dilution) + chelated zinki (2000 times dilution).
2. Minda Yamphesa Yopanda Kusiyanitsa Kwa Inflorescence Isanayambe Maluwa (kupatula Shine Muscat)
Thirani mundawo wonse wa mpesa ndi 30 ppm sodium nitrophenolate kuti mulimbikitse kukula kwa inflorescence ndikuthandizira kupanga zipatso zisanatuluke maluwa. Kwa minda ya mpesa ya 'Shine Muscat' yokhala ndi maluwa osafanana kapena osalekanitsa bwino, sabata imodzi isanatuluke, pomwe mphukira zatsopano panthambi za amayi a fruiting zimakhala ndi masamba 10-11, gwiritsani ntchito gibberellic acid ndi chlorpyrifos popopera maluwa. Izi zidzatalikitsa inflorescence ndikuchedwetsa kugwa kwa zipatso pambuyo pa maluwa. Njirayi ndikugwiritsa ntchito 20% gibberellic acid (2.5 mg/L) + 1% chlorpyrifos (1 mg/L) + 200 mg/L streptomycin kupopera inflorescence.
3. Chipatso Kukhazikitsa Chithandizo
Mitundu yopanda seedless kapena yambewu yomwe ikudwala popanda mbewu, komanso yomwe ikukumana ndi nyengo yoipa kwambiri panthawi yazipatso, imafunikira chithandizo chokhazikitsa zipatso.
3.1. Chithandizo cha Mikhalidwe Yovuta Kwambiri ya Nyengo Panthawi ya Maluwa
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mphesa za Summer Black kapena Shine Muscat zimakumana ndi mvula nthawi zonse pa nthawi ya maluwa, zingayambitse maluwa ndi kugwa kwa zipatso nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimafuna njira zokhazikitsira zipatso mwadzidzidzi. Kwa Summer Black, gwiritsani ntchito 20% gibberellic acid (25 mg/L) + 1% thidiazuron (2 mg/L) + 50% streptomycin (4000 times dilution) kuviika masango a maluwa. Kwa Shine Muscat, gwiritsani ntchito 20% gibberellic acid (12.5 mg/L) + 1% thidiazuron (4 mg/L) + Bio-Protect (3000 times dilution) + 50% streptomycin (4000 times dilution) kuviika masango a maluwa. Poyamba, pakhoza kukhala kusiyana kwa kukula kwa mabulosi, koma izi siziwoneka bwino pambuyo pakukula.
3.2. Kukhazikitsa Zipatso Pansi pa Nyengo Yabwinobwino
Kwa Summer Black, gwiritsani ntchito 20% gibberellic acid (25 mg/L) + 1% chlorpyrifos (2 mg/L) + 50% streptomycin (4000 times dilution) kuviika masango a maluwa. Kwa mphesa za Sunlight Rose, masango a maluwa adamizidwa mu yankho lomwe lili ndi 20% gibberellic acid (20 mg/L) + 1% thidiazuron (2 mg/L) + Bio-Protect (5000x dilution) + 50% streptomycin (4000x dilution). Kwa mphesa za Kyoho, yankho lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito linali 20% gibberellic acid (10 mg/L) + 1% chlorpyrifos (2 mg/L) + 0.15% brassinolide (30000x dilution).
3.3. Kutentha Kwambiri Kupsinjika ndi Kupewa Kupsa ndi Dzuwa
Kupsa ndi dzuwa kumakonda kuchitika pa zipatso za mphesa ndi masamba pafupi ndi mbewu zolimba. Ngati kutentha kwadzuwa kukuchitika, siyani ntchito zonse zaulimi ndipo nthawi yomweyo tsitsani 10% S-abscisic acid (30000 times dilution) + 500 times dilution ya monopotassium phosphate pofuna kupewa mwadzidzidzi.
4. Chithandizo cha Kukulitsa Zipatso
Zowongolera zakukula kwa mbewu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zipatso pakatha masiku 10-12 mutabzala zipatso m'mitundu yopanda mbewu kapena mitundu yomwe ikuthandizidwa popanda mbewu. Kwa mphesa za Chilimwe Black, ikani masango a zipatso mu njira ya 20% gibberellic acid (50 mg/L) + 1% chlorpyrifos (3 mg/L) + Baomeiling (5000 times dilution) + 50% streptomycin (4000 times dilution). Kwa mphesa za Shine Muscat, sungani masango a maluwa mu njira ya 20% gibberellic acid (25 mg/L) + 1% chlorpyrifos (5 mg/L) + Baomeiling (5000 times dilution) + 50% streptomycin (4000 times dilution). Kwa mphesa za Kyoho, sungani masango a zipatso mu njira ya 20% gibberellic acid (25 mg/L) + 1% chlorpyrifos (5 mg/L) + Baomeiling (5000 times dilution).
Zindikirani: Pambuyo pokonza zipatso ndi kukulitsa, sungani kutentha kwa 23-27 ℃, ndipo limbitsani feteleza ndi madzi, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa calcium ndi kufufuza zinthu.
5. Kulimbikitsa Kusiyana kwa Mphukira za Maluwa
Patatha masiku 15 maluwa, mitundu yomwe ili ndi maluwa ovuta kusiyanitsa, monga Zicui Seedless ndi Crimson Seedless, phatikizani kukanikiza ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mphukira zatsopano pamwamba pa masango a zipatso ndi yankho la mepiquat chloride (750 mg/L) + 6-BA (20 mg/L) + 0 potassium dilution nthawi (5) dilution), kamodzi pa masiku 15 pa ntchito ziwiri zotsatizana. Kwa mitengo yachinyamata ya chaka chimodzi, tsinani mphukira itangoyamba kumene, ndikuthira mbewu yonse ndi mepiquat chloride (1000 mg/L) + 6-BA (20 mg/L) + monopotassium phosphate (500 dilution) + chelated boron (1000 kawiri kawiri katatu patsiku). Pakati pa September, ngati mlingo wa lignification wa nthambi ndi osauka, utsi mbewu lonse ndi njira munali mepiquat kolorayidi (1000 mg/L) + 6-BA (20 mg/L) + monopotassium mankwala (500 nthawi dilution) + chelated boroni (1000 nthawi dilution) + 40% 000 dilution ethe (300% ethe). Izi zidzalimbikitsa kusiyana kwa maluwa ndi lignification wa mphukira zatsopano.
Mlungu umodzi musanayambe maluwa, phatikizani kukaniza ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi mepiquat chloride (750-1000 mg/L) + chelated boron (nthawi 1500 dilution) + chelated zinki (2000 times dilution).
2. Minda Yamphesa Yopanda Kusiyanitsa Kwa Inflorescence Isanayambe Maluwa (kupatula Shine Muscat)
Thirani mundawo wonse wa mpesa ndi 30 ppm sodium nitrophenolate kuti mulimbikitse kukula kwa inflorescence ndikuthandizira kupanga zipatso zisanatuluke maluwa. Kwa minda ya mpesa ya 'Shine Muscat' yokhala ndi maluwa osafanana kapena osalekanitsa bwino, sabata imodzi isanatuluke, pomwe mphukira zatsopano panthambi za amayi a fruiting zimakhala ndi masamba 10-11, gwiritsani ntchito gibberellic acid ndi chlorpyrifos popopera maluwa. Izi zidzatalikitsa inflorescence ndikuchedwetsa kugwa kwa zipatso pambuyo pa maluwa. Njirayi ndikugwiritsa ntchito 20% gibberellic acid (2.5 mg/L) + 1% chlorpyrifos (1 mg/L) + 200 mg/L streptomycin kupopera inflorescence.
3. Chipatso Kukhazikitsa Chithandizo
Mitundu yopanda seedless kapena yambewu yomwe ikudwala popanda mbewu, komanso yomwe ikukumana ndi nyengo yoipa kwambiri panthawi yazipatso, imafunikira chithandizo chokhazikitsa zipatso.
3.1. Chithandizo cha Mikhalidwe Yovuta Kwambiri ya Nyengo Panthawi ya Maluwa
Mwachitsanzo, ngati mphesa za Summer Black kapena Shine Muscat zimakumana ndi mvula nthawi zonse pa nthawi ya maluwa, zingayambitse maluwa ndi kugwa kwa zipatso nthawi imodzi, zomwe zimafuna njira zokhazikitsira zipatso mwadzidzidzi. Kwa Summer Black, gwiritsani ntchito 20% gibberellic acid (25 mg/L) + 1% thidiazuron (2 mg/L) + 50% streptomycin (4000 times dilution) kuviika masango a maluwa. Kwa Shine Muscat, gwiritsani ntchito 20% gibberellic acid (12.5 mg/L) + 1% thidiazuron (4 mg/L) + Bio-Protect (3000 times dilution) + 50% streptomycin (4000 times dilution) kuviika masango a maluwa. Poyamba, pakhoza kukhala kusiyana kwa kukula kwa mabulosi, koma izi siziwoneka bwino pambuyo pakukula.
3.2. Kukhazikitsa Zipatso Pansi pa Nyengo Yabwinobwino
Kwa Summer Black, gwiritsani ntchito 20% gibberellic acid (25 mg/L) + 1% chlorpyrifos (2 mg/L) + 50% streptomycin (4000 times dilution) kuviika masango a maluwa. Kwa mphesa za Sunlight Rose, masango a maluwa adamizidwa mu yankho lomwe lili ndi 20% gibberellic acid (20 mg/L) + 1% thidiazuron (2 mg/L) + Bio-Protect (5000x dilution) + 50% streptomycin (4000x dilution). Kwa mphesa za Kyoho, yankho lomwe linagwiritsidwa ntchito linali 20% gibberellic acid (10 mg/L) + 1% chlorpyrifos (2 mg/L) + 0.15% brassinolide (30000x dilution).
3.3. Kutentha Kwambiri Kupsinjika ndi Kupewa Kupsa ndi Dzuwa
Kupsa ndi dzuwa kumakonda kuchitika pa zipatso za mphesa ndi masamba pafupi ndi mbewu zolimba. Ngati kutentha kwadzuwa kukuchitika, siyani ntchito zonse zaulimi ndipo nthawi yomweyo tsitsani 10% S-abscisic acid (30000 times dilution) + 500 times dilution ya monopotassium phosphate pofuna kupewa mwadzidzidzi.
4. Chithandizo cha Kukulitsa Zipatso
Zowongolera zakukula kwa mbewu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza zipatso pakatha masiku 10-12 mutabzala zipatso m'mitundu yopanda mbewu kapena mitundu yomwe ikuthandizidwa popanda mbewu. Kwa mphesa za Chilimwe Black, ikani masango a zipatso mu njira ya 20% gibberellic acid (50 mg/L) + 1% chlorpyrifos (3 mg/L) + Baomeiling (5000 times dilution) + 50% streptomycin (4000 times dilution). Kwa mphesa za Shine Muscat, sungani masango a maluwa mu njira ya 20% gibberellic acid (25 mg/L) + 1% chlorpyrifos (5 mg/L) + Baomeiling (5000 times dilution) + 50% streptomycin (4000 times dilution). Kwa mphesa za Kyoho, sungani masango a zipatso mu njira ya 20% gibberellic acid (25 mg/L) + 1% chlorpyrifos (5 mg/L) + Baomeiling (5000 times dilution).
Zindikirani: Pambuyo pokonza zipatso ndi kukulitsa, sungani kutentha kwa 23-27 ℃, ndipo limbitsani feteleza ndi madzi, makamaka kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa calcium ndi kufufuza zinthu.
5. Kulimbikitsa Kusiyana kwa Mphukira za Maluwa
Patatha masiku 15 maluwa, mitundu yomwe ili ndi maluwa ovuta kusiyanitsa, monga Zicui Seedless ndi Crimson Seedless, phatikizani kukanikiza ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mphukira zatsopano pamwamba pa masango a zipatso ndi yankho la mepiquat chloride (750 mg/L) + 6-BA (20 mg/L) + 0 potassium dilution nthawi (5) dilution), kamodzi pa masiku 15 pa ntchito ziwiri zotsatizana. Kwa mitengo yachinyamata ya chaka chimodzi, tsinani mphukira itangoyamba kumene, ndikuthira mbewu yonse ndi mepiquat chloride (1000 mg/L) + 6-BA (20 mg/L) + monopotassium phosphate (500 dilution) + chelated boron (1000 kawiri kawiri katatu patsiku). Pakati pa September, ngati mlingo wa lignification wa nthambi ndi osauka, utsi mbewu lonse ndi njira munali mepiquat kolorayidi (1000 mg/L) + 6-BA (20 mg/L) + monopotassium mankwala (500 nthawi dilution) + chelated boroni (1000 nthawi dilution) + 40% 000 dilution ethe (300% ethe). Izi zidzalimbikitsa kusiyana kwa maluwa ndi lignification wa mphukira zatsopano.
Zolemba zaposachedwa
Nkhani Zowonetsedwa
