Ubwino wa feteleza wa foliar

Ubwino 1: feteleza wochuluka wa feteleza wa masamba
Nthawi zambiri, mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu, nthawi zambiri amakhudzidwa ndi zinthu monga acidity ya nthaka, chinyezi cha nthaka ndi tizilombo tating'onoting'ono ta nthaka, ndipo zimakhazikika ndi kutsekedwa, zomwe zimachepetsa mphamvu ya feteleza. Feteleza wa foliar amatha kupewa izi ndikusintha feteleza bwino. Feteleza wa foliar amapopera mwachindunji pamasamba popanda kukhudzana ndi nthaka, kupewa zinthu zoipa monga kutsekemera kwa nthaka ndi leaching, kotero kuti kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kumakhala kwakukulu ndipo kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumatha kuchepetsedwa.
Feteleza wa foliar amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo amathanso kuyamwa mizu. Pakusunga zokolola zomwezo, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pafupipafupi kumatha kupulumutsa 25% ya feteleza wa nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu.

Ubwino wachiwiri: Feteleza wa masamba amapulumutsa nthawi ndi ntchito
Ngati fetereza wa foliar asakanizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi kupopera kamodzi, sizingangopulumutsa ndalama zogwirira ntchito, komanso zimawonjezera mphamvu za mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo. Mayesero asonyeza kuti organic ndi organic nayitrogeni mankhwala mu foliar feteleza amalimbikitsa mayamwidwe ndi kusamutsa mankhwala ophera tizilombo; ma surfactants amatha kusintha kufalikira kwa feteleza ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo pamasamba ndikutalikitsa nthawi ya mayamwidwe a michere yosungunuka; mtengo wa pH wa feteleza wa foliar ukhoza kupangitsa kuti zisawonongeke ndikuwongolera mayamwidwe a mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo.

Ubwino 3: Feteleza wa masamba osakhalitsa
Feteleza wa foliar amagwira ntchito mwachangu kuposa feteleza wa mizu, ndipo feteleza wa masamba amatha kupititsa patsogolo thanzi la mbewu munthawi yake komanso mwachangu. Nthawi zambiri, umuna umakhala wofulumira kuposa kuyamwa kwa mizu. Mwachitsanzo, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa 1-2% urea amadzimadzi njira pa masamba akhoza kuyamwa 1/3 pambuyo maola 24; Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa 2% superphosphate Tingafinye ku mbali zonse za zomera pambuyo mphindi 15. Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera ku izi kuti umuna wa masamba ukhoza kubwezeretsanso michere yomwe mbewu imafunikira mu nthawi yochepa ndikuwonetsetsa kuti mbewu zikule bwino.

Ubwino 4: Kuwonongeka kochepa kwa feteleza wa masamba
Nitrate ndi imodzi mwazomwe zimayambitsa khansa. Chifukwa cha kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa nayitrogeni mosagwirizana ndi sayansi komanso mopitirira muyeso, ma nitrates asonkhanitsidwa m'madzi am'madzi ndi mbewu zamasamba, zomwe zakopa chidwi chochulukirapo. 75% ya ma nitrates omwe amakokedwa ndi anthu amachokera ku mbewu zamasamba. Choncho, foliar feteleza kwa masamba kubzala osati kuchepetsa nthaka nayitrogeni fetereza, kukhalabe anakhazikitsa zokolola, komanso kuchepetsa kuipitsa wopanda masamba.

Ubwino 5: Feteleza wa masamba amaunikiridwa kwambiri
Ndi mbewu ziti zomwe zimasoweka zimawonjezeredwa? Pa kukula ndi kukula kwa zomera, ngati chinthu china chikusowa, kuchepa kwake kumawonekera pamasamba. Mwachitsanzo, mbewu zikapanda nayitrogeni, mbandezo zimasanduka zachikasu; pamene alibe phosphorous, mbande zimasanduka zofiira; pamene alibe potaziyamu, zomera zimakula pang'onopang'ono, masamba amakhala obiriwira, ndipo pamapeto pake mawanga ofiira a chlorotic amawonekera. Malinga ndi mawonekedwe a kuchepa kwa masamba, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa panthawi yake kutha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kuwonjezera zinthu zomwe zikusowa kuti ziwongolere zizindikiro.

Ubwino 6: Feteleza wa masamba atha kuwonjezera kusayamwa kwa michere ndi mizu
Mu gawo la mmera wa zomera, mizu sinakulitsidwe bwino ndipo mphamvu yoyamwitsa imakhala yofooka, yomwe imakonda mbande zachikasu ndi zofooka. Pamapeto pa kukula kwa zomera, ntchito ya mizu imachepa ndipo mphamvu yotengera zakudya imakhala yochepa. Chifukwa chake, feteleza wa masamba amatha kuwonjezera zokolola. Makamaka mitengo yazipatso ndi mbewu zamasamba, zotsatira za umuna wa masamba zimawonekera kwambiri.
Komabe, kuchuluka kwake komanso kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa masamba ndizochepa, ndipo sangathe kupopera mbewu zambiri, makamaka ma macronutrients ndi michere yaying'ono, kotero imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pofufuza zinthu zomwe zili ndi mlingo wocheperako.