Ntchito za Brassinolide (BR)
Brassinolide (BR) ndi chowongolera komanso chowongolera kukula kwa mbewu. Anapezedwa ndi asayansi a zaulimi aku America mu 1970 ndipo amatchedwa brassinolide, brassinolide imatchedwa mtundu wachisanu ndi chimodzi wa hormone ya zomera chifukwa cha mlingo wake wochepa komanso zotsatira zake.
Kodi Brassinolide (BR) imachita chiyani?
Brassinolide (BR) ndi yosiyana ndi ena owongolera kukula kwa mbewu munjira yake imodzi yolunjika pakulimbikitsa zokolola komanso kukonza bwino. Mwachitsanzo, sikuti ili ndi ntchito zakuthupi za auxin ndi cytokinin, komanso imatha kuwonjezera photosynthesis ndikuwongolera kagayidwe kazakudya, kulimbikitsa kayendetsedwe kazakudya kuchokera kumitengo ndi masamba kupita kumbewu, kukonza kukana kwa mbewu kuzinthu zoyipa zakunja, ndi kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbali zofooka za zomera. Chifukwa chake, ili ndi magwiritsidwe ambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito.
1. Kutsekemera ndi kukongoletsa
Kugwiritsa ntchito Brassinolide (BR) kumatha kutsekemera nzimbe ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa masamba afodya apakati komanso apamwamba. Kuigwiritsa ntchito pa citrus kumatha kusintha zilema monga khungu lakuda, zipatso zopyapyala, zipatso zokhotakhota, komanso zowoneka bwino zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa gibberellins. Lychees, mavwende, etc. Ntchito nyemba, akhoza kupanga zipatso yunifolomu, kusintha maonekedwe, kuonjezera kugulitsa mtengo ndi kuonjezera ndalama.
2. Kuchedwetsa kumera kwa masamba
Imasunga zobiriwira kwa nthawi yayitali, imalimbitsa kaphatikizidwe ka chlorophyll, imathandizira photosynthesis, komanso imathandizira mtundu wa masamba kuti ukhale wozama komanso wobiriwira.
3. Limbikitsani maluwa ndi kusunga zipatso
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi ya maluwa ndi siteji ya zipatso zazing'ono, zimatha kulimbikitsa maluwa ndi zipatso ndikuletsa kugwa kwa zipatso.
4. Limbikitsani kugawanika kwa maselo ndi kukulitsa zipatso
Zingathe kulimbikitsa magawano a maselo ndi kulimbikitsa yopingasa ndi ofukula kukula kwa ziwalo, potero kukulitsa chipatso.
5. Onjezani zopanga
Kuthyola mwayi wapamwamba ndikulimbikitsa kumera kwa masamba ofananira nawo kumatha kudutsa kusiyana kwa masamba, kulimbikitsa mapangidwe a nthambi zam'mbali, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nthambi, kuchulukitsa maluwa, kupititsa patsogolo umuna wa mungu, potero kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndikuwonjezera kupanga. .
6. Kupititsa patsogolo malonda a mbewu
Imalimbikitsa parthenocarpy, imalepheretsa kugwa kwa maluwa ndi zipatso, imathandizira kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni, imachulukitsa shuga, imapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yabwino, komanso kugulitsa malonda.
7. Kuwongolera ndi kulinganiza zakudya
Brassinolide (BR) si feteleza wa masamba ndipo ilibe mphamvu zopatsa thanzi, motero kuphatikiza feteleza wa foliar kuphatikiza brassinolide ndikothandiza kwambiri. Feteleza wa foliar amatha kuwonjezera zakudya zamasamba, koma alibe mphamvu yolinganiza ndikuwongolera kayendedwe ka michere; Brassinolide (BR) imatha kunyamula zakudya m'njira yoyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti michere ipite patsogolo, kotero kuti kukula kwa mbewu zonse zamasamba ndi zobereketsa zitha kulandira zakudya zoyenera.
8. Samalani ndikuwonjezera mphamvu, mwamsanga kubwezeretsanso kukula
Mankhwala opha fungicide amatha kupondereza matenda koma alibe mphamvu zobwezeretsanso kukula kwa mbewu. Brassinolide imatha kuwongolera kayendedwe ka michere, kulimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa mizu, ndikulimbikitsa photosynthesis. Chifukwa chake, ma fungicides akasakanizidwa ndi brassinoids, zabwino zake ndizowonjezera. Brassinolide (BR) imathandizira kuchiza matenda ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakuchira ndikukula kwa mbewu.
9. Kukana kuzizira, kukana chisanu, kukana chilala ndi kukana matenda
Brassinolide (BR) ikalowa muzomera, sikuti imangowonjezera photosynthesis ndikulimbikitsa kukula ndi chitukuko, komanso imakhala ndi chitetezo chapadera pama cell membrane system kuti ipewe kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Itha kulimbikitsanso ntchito ya michere yoteteza muzomera, kuchepetsa kwambiri zinthu zovulaza. Kuwononga yachibadwa kukula kwa zomera ndi bwino bwino maganizo kukana mbewu.
Kuyesera kwachitika pa mpunga, nkhaka, tomato, fodya, ndi zina zotero, ndipo zotsatira zake ndi:
1) Kutentha kochepa:
Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa Brassinolide (BR) kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa mbeu zamitundu ya mpunga ndi 40.1% pansi pa kutentha kochepa. Zake zokhudza thupi ntchito bwino ozizira kulolerana mpunga makamaka akuwonetseredwa kusintha zokhudza thupi kagayidwe mpunga ndi kulimbikitsa kukula ndi chitukuko cha mpunga ziwalo. Zomera zothiridwa ndi Brassinolide (BR) zasintha kwambiri zizindikiro za thupi zolimbana ndi kuzizira pansi pa mayeso a 1 mpaka 5 ° C.
2) Kutentha kwakukulu:
Kugwiritsa ntchito Brassinolide (BR) kumatha kukulitsa kwambiri masamba a chlorophyll ndi mapuloteni, superoxide dismutase (SOD) ndi ntchito za peroxidase (POD) zamitundu ya mpunga wosamva kutentha.
3) Salt-alkali:
Mbewu zothandizidwa ndi Brassinolide (BR) zimatha kukhalabe ndi kumera kwakukulu pamalo a 150 mmol NaCl. Mitengo ya balere ya Brassinolide (BR) itanyowetsedwa mu 500 mmol NaCl kwa maola 24, kufufuza kwa ultramicroscopic kunasonyeza kuti mapangidwe a masamba a balere anali otetezedwa.
4) Chilala:
Mbewu monga shuga beet wothiridwa ndi Brassinolide (BR) zimakula bwino kuposa gulu lolamulira m'malo a chilala.
5) Kukana matenda:
Brassinolide (BR) imathanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda ena a mbewu, monga choipitsa cha mpunga, nkhaka yotuwa ndi phwetekere mochedwa choipitsa. Pankhani ya fodya, sikuti imangolimbikitsa kukula kwa fodya, komanso imakhala ndi mphamvu yowononga 70% pa matenda a fodya. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri popewa komanso kuchiza matenda a fodya a mosaic. Kulimbana ndi matenda kwa zomera kumayendetsedwa ndi majini a zomera zomwezo. Komabe, Brassinolide (BR) ester imatha kuwongolera mozama momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito komanso zamankhwala am'mera, potero kuchepetsa matendawa. Nthawi yomweyo, monga timadzi tambiri, Brassinolide (BR) imatha kuyambitsa kukana kwina. Mawu a matenda majini timapitiriza matenda kukana zomera.
10. Limbikitsani kukula kwa mbande
Brassinolide (BR) ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo cha mbewu kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, imathandizira kupangika kwa mizu.
11. Zokolola-zowonjezera zotsatira
Deta yasayansi yoyesera ikuwonetsa kuti mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito brassinolides, kupanga mpunga kumatha kuwonjezeka ndi 5.3% ~ 12.6%, kupanga chimanga kumatha kuonjezedwa ndi 6.3% ~ 20.2%, mavwende ndi masamba angaonjezeke ndi 12.6% ~ 38.8%, kupanga mtedza onjezerani ndi 10.4% ~ 32.6%, ndipo kupanga nzimbe kuyenera kuwonjezeka ndi 9.5% ~ 18.9% (shuga imawonjezeka ndi 0.5% ~ 1%).
12. Chepetsani kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala
Mankhwala a herbicides, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kapena kuphatikizika kosayenera kungayambitse phytotoxicity. Kugwiritsa ntchito munthawi yake Brassinolide (BR) kuphatikiza feteleza wapamwamba kwambiri wa foliar kumatha kuwongolera kayendedwe kazakudya, kuwonjezera zakudya, ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mbewu chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito molakwika kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala, kufulumizitsa kuchira ndi kukula kwa mbewu.
Kodi Brassinolide (BR) imachita chiyani?
Brassinolide (BR) ndi yosiyana ndi ena owongolera kukula kwa mbewu munjira yake imodzi yolunjika pakulimbikitsa zokolola komanso kukonza bwino. Mwachitsanzo, sikuti ili ndi ntchito zakuthupi za auxin ndi cytokinin, komanso imatha kuwonjezera photosynthesis ndikuwongolera kagayidwe kazakudya, kulimbikitsa kayendetsedwe kazakudya kuchokera kumitengo ndi masamba kupita kumbewu, kukonza kukana kwa mbewu kuzinthu zoyipa zakunja, ndi kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbali zofooka za zomera. Chifukwa chake, ili ndi magwiritsidwe ambiri komanso magwiridwe antchito.
1. Kutsekemera ndi kukongoletsa
Kugwiritsa ntchito Brassinolide (BR) kumatha kutsekemera nzimbe ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa masamba afodya apakati komanso apamwamba. Kuigwiritsa ntchito pa citrus kumatha kusintha zilema monga khungu lakuda, zipatso zopyapyala, zipatso zokhotakhota, komanso zowoneka bwino zomwe zimayambitsidwa ndi kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa gibberellins. Lychees, mavwende, etc. Ntchito nyemba, akhoza kupanga zipatso yunifolomu, kusintha maonekedwe, kuonjezera kugulitsa mtengo ndi kuonjezera ndalama.
2. Kuchedwetsa kumera kwa masamba
Imasunga zobiriwira kwa nthawi yayitali, imalimbitsa kaphatikizidwe ka chlorophyll, imathandizira photosynthesis, komanso imathandizira mtundu wa masamba kuti ukhale wozama komanso wobiriwira.
3. Limbikitsani maluwa ndi kusunga zipatso
Kugwiritsidwa ntchito pa nthawi ya maluwa ndi siteji ya zipatso zazing'ono, zimatha kulimbikitsa maluwa ndi zipatso ndikuletsa kugwa kwa zipatso.
4. Limbikitsani kugawanika kwa maselo ndi kukulitsa zipatso
Zingathe kulimbikitsa magawano a maselo ndi kulimbikitsa yopingasa ndi ofukula kukula kwa ziwalo, potero kukulitsa chipatso.
5. Onjezani zopanga
Kuthyola mwayi wapamwamba ndikulimbikitsa kumera kwa masamba ofananira nawo kumatha kudutsa kusiyana kwa masamba, kulimbikitsa mapangidwe a nthambi zam'mbali, kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa nthambi, kuchulukitsa maluwa, kupititsa patsogolo umuna wa mungu, potero kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndikuwonjezera kupanga. .
6. Kupititsa patsogolo malonda a mbewu
Imalimbikitsa parthenocarpy, imalepheretsa kugwa kwa maluwa ndi zipatso, imathandizira kaphatikizidwe ka mapuloteni, imachulukitsa shuga, imapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yabwino, komanso kugulitsa malonda.
7. Kuwongolera ndi kulinganiza zakudya
Brassinolide (BR) si feteleza wa masamba ndipo ilibe mphamvu zopatsa thanzi, motero kuphatikiza feteleza wa foliar kuphatikiza brassinolide ndikothandiza kwambiri. Feteleza wa foliar amatha kuwonjezera zakudya zamasamba, koma alibe mphamvu yolinganiza ndikuwongolera kayendedwe ka michere; Brassinolide (BR) imatha kunyamula zakudya m'njira yoyenera, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti michere ipite patsogolo, kotero kuti kukula kwa mbewu zonse zamasamba ndi zobereketsa zitha kulandira zakudya zoyenera.
8. Samalani ndikuwonjezera mphamvu, mwamsanga kubwezeretsanso kukula
Mankhwala opha fungicide amatha kupondereza matenda koma alibe mphamvu zobwezeretsanso kukula kwa mbewu. Brassinolide imatha kuwongolera kayendedwe ka michere, kulimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa mizu, ndikulimbikitsa photosynthesis. Chifukwa chake, ma fungicides akasakanizidwa ndi brassinoids, zabwino zake ndizowonjezera. Brassinolide (BR) imathandizira kuchiza matenda ndipo imakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakuchira ndikukula kwa mbewu.
9. Kukana kuzizira, kukana chisanu, kukana chilala ndi kukana matenda
Brassinolide (BR) ikalowa muzomera, sikuti imangowonjezera photosynthesis ndikulimbikitsa kukula ndi chitukuko, komanso imakhala ndi chitetezo chapadera pama cell membrane system kuti ipewe kuwonongeka kwa chilengedwe. Itha kulimbikitsanso ntchito ya michere yoteteza muzomera, kuchepetsa kwambiri zinthu zovulaza. Kuwononga yachibadwa kukula kwa zomera ndi bwino bwino maganizo kukana mbewu.
Kuyesera kwachitika pa mpunga, nkhaka, tomato, fodya, ndi zina zotero, ndipo zotsatira zake ndi:
1) Kutentha kochepa:
Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa Brassinolide (BR) kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa mbeu zamitundu ya mpunga ndi 40.1% pansi pa kutentha kochepa. Zake zokhudza thupi ntchito bwino ozizira kulolerana mpunga makamaka akuwonetseredwa kusintha zokhudza thupi kagayidwe mpunga ndi kulimbikitsa kukula ndi chitukuko cha mpunga ziwalo. Zomera zothiridwa ndi Brassinolide (BR) zasintha kwambiri zizindikiro za thupi zolimbana ndi kuzizira pansi pa mayeso a 1 mpaka 5 ° C.
2) Kutentha kwakukulu:
Kugwiritsa ntchito Brassinolide (BR) kumatha kukulitsa kwambiri masamba a chlorophyll ndi mapuloteni, superoxide dismutase (SOD) ndi ntchito za peroxidase (POD) zamitundu ya mpunga wosamva kutentha.
3) Salt-alkali:
Mbewu zothandizidwa ndi Brassinolide (BR) zimatha kukhalabe ndi kumera kwakukulu pamalo a 150 mmol NaCl. Mitengo ya balere ya Brassinolide (BR) itanyowetsedwa mu 500 mmol NaCl kwa maola 24, kufufuza kwa ultramicroscopic kunasonyeza kuti mapangidwe a masamba a balere anali otetezedwa.
4) Chilala:
Mbewu monga shuga beet wothiridwa ndi Brassinolide (BR) zimakula bwino kuposa gulu lolamulira m'malo a chilala.
5) Kukana matenda:
Brassinolide (BR) imathanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka komwe kumachitika chifukwa cha matenda ena a mbewu, monga choipitsa cha mpunga, nkhaka yotuwa ndi phwetekere mochedwa choipitsa. Pankhani ya fodya, sikuti imangolimbikitsa kukula kwa fodya, komanso imakhala ndi mphamvu yowononga 70% pa matenda a fodya. Ndiwothandiza kwambiri popewa komanso kuchiza matenda a fodya a mosaic. Kulimbana ndi matenda kwa zomera kumayendetsedwa ndi majini a zomera zomwezo. Komabe, Brassinolide (BR) ester imatha kuwongolera mozama momwe thupi limagwirira ntchito komanso zamankhwala am'mera, potero kuchepetsa matendawa. Nthawi yomweyo, monga timadzi tambiri, Brassinolide (BR) imatha kuyambitsa kukana kwina. Mawu a matenda majini timapitiriza matenda kukana zomera.
10. Limbikitsani kukula kwa mbande
Brassinolide (BR) ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chithandizo cha mbewu kapena kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, imathandizira kupangika kwa mizu.
11. Zokolola-zowonjezera zotsatira
Deta yasayansi yoyesera ikuwonetsa kuti mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito brassinolides, kupanga mpunga kumatha kuwonjezeka ndi 5.3% ~ 12.6%, kupanga chimanga kumatha kuonjezedwa ndi 6.3% ~ 20.2%, mavwende ndi masamba angaonjezeke ndi 12.6% ~ 38.8%, kupanga mtedza onjezerani ndi 10.4% ~ 32.6%, ndipo kupanga nzimbe kuyenera kuwonjezeka ndi 9.5% ~ 18.9% (shuga imawonjezeka ndi 0.5% ~ 1%).
12. Chepetsani kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala
Mankhwala a herbicides, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kwa mankhwala ophera tizilombo, kapena kuphatikizika kosayenera kungayambitse phytotoxicity. Kugwiritsa ntchito munthawi yake Brassinolide (BR) kuphatikiza feteleza wapamwamba kwambiri wa foliar kumatha kuwongolera kayendedwe kazakudya, kuwonjezera zakudya, ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa mbewu chifukwa chogwiritsa ntchito molakwika kuwonongeka kwa mankhwala, kufulumizitsa kuchira ndi kukula kwa mbewu.
