Kodi ethephon imagwira ntchito bwanji pakukulitsa kupanga mphira?

Mitengo ya mphira ndi mitengo italiitali yomwe imagwira ntchito bwino pazachuma kwa zaka makumi angapo, ndipo latex yake imakololedwa podula khungwa, njira yapadera yokololera. Labala amapangidwa kuchokera ku minyewa yomwe imapanga latex mu khungwa la mtengo wa rabala. Maselo a latex amagwiritsa ntchito zinthu zopangidwa ndi photosynthesis—shuga ndi zakudya zina—kuti apange mphira popanga zinthu zosiyanasiyana.

Kutuluka kwa latex kuchokera kumitengo ya rabala kumachitika chifukwa cha kugunda kwapamadzi kapena masoka achilengedwe (monga kuwonongeka kwa chisanu kumayambitsa kusweka kwa khungwa ndi kutuluka kwa latex, kuwonongeka kwa mphepo, kapena kuwonongeka kwamakina komwe kumayambitsa kuphulika kwa khungwa ndi kutuluka kwa latex).
Nthawi zonse, kugogoda kochita kupanga kumakhala ndi malo ochepa. Ndi kugogoda m'mwamba, kutuluka kwa latex kumakhala pansi kwambiri ndi kumbali ya mzere wokhota; pogogoda pansi, kutuluka kwa latex kumakhala pamwamba komanso m'mbali mwa mzere wogogoda. Kutalika kokhudzidwa nthawi zambiri kumakhala 1.25 mpaka 1.75 metres, ndipo m'lifupi mbali zonse za mzere wopopera ndi wofanana ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo asanu ndi anayi a utali wake.
Pamene ethephon imagwiritsidwa ntchito pamitengo ya rabara, imapangitsa kuti machiritso a machiritso apangidwe, omwe ndi njira yogwiritsira ntchito mphamvu zomwe zilipo kale kupanga latex.

Ntchito zake zazikulu ndi izi:
(1) Kulimbikitsa nkhokwe;
(2) Kupititsa patsogolo kuyamwa kwa madzi ndi zakudya ndikuzitengera ku kachitidwe ka latex chotengera;
(3) Kukulitsa malo othamanga a latex, kulepheretsa njira yowonongeka, kulimbikitsa kutuluka kwa latex kuchokera ku ziwiya za latex, ndi kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yokonzanso ya latex, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale kuwonjezeka kwakukulu kwa nthawi yochepa. Komabe, ethephon yokha si michere ndipo sangathe kuonjezera mwachindunji mphamvu ya photosynthetic kapena kuonjezera kupanga shuga watsopano. Zoyesera zambiri zawonetsa kuti kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera ethephon pamitengo ya rabara ndi njira yabwino yowonjezerera zokolola za rabara.

Ndi mitengo iti ya rabara yomwe ili yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito ethephon?

Mofanana ndi mbewu zina za nthawi yayitali, mitengo ya rabara ili ndi nthawi yophukira, nthawi yophukira, nthawi yophukira kwambiri, ndi nthawi yophukira. Pa siteji ya mmera, cholinga chake ndi kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mtengo wa rabara, ndipo kukondoweza kwa ethephon sikuyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito panthawiyi; poyambira kupanga, mtengo wa rabara uyenera kutulutsa latex ndikukula, kotero kuti kukondoweza kukondoweza sikovomerezeka; kawirikawiri, kukondoweza kukondoweza kungathe kuchitidwa pamene mtengo wa rabara umalowa pachimake chopanga (pafupifupi zaka 15 mutabzala, kapena zaka 5-7 mutagunda koyamba); mtengo wa rabara ukafika pachimake ndipo uyenera kukonzedwanso, mphamvu yolimbikitsira iyenera kuonjezedwa kuti iwonjezere kuthekera kopanga latex mumtengo wa rabara. Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito ethephon moyenera kuti mulimbikitse kugunda kwa rabara?

(1) Kuchuluka kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa: Pakali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito ethephon kumangokhala pamitengo yambale yopitilira zaka khumi ndi zisanu (kuphatikiza mitengo yotsika yotsika) komanso kugogoda mozama musanayambe kukonzanso mitengo ya rabara; pamitengo yobereka kwambiri, siyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zinthu kupatulapo kuyesa.

(2) Mlingo uyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa: Njira yothetsera ethephon iyenera kukonzedwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito molingana ndi ndondomeko yeniyeni ya yankho lapachiyambi mu gulu lililonse. Mlingo ndi kuchuluka kwa ntchito zisawonjezeke mosasamala.

(3) Kuchepetsa koyenera kwa kugunda pafupipafupi: Nthawi zambiri, kuchuluka kwa kudula kuyenera kuchepetsedwa ndi gawo limodzi mwa magawo atatu poyerekeza ndi kugogoda wamba.

(4) Kuwombera kozama moyenerera: Kuwombera kovomerezeka nthawi zambiri kumachotsa 2/3 mpaka 1/2 ya khungwa (pafupifupi 0.15 cm kuchokera ku cambium); komabe, mukamagwiritsa ntchito kukondoweza kwa ethephon, kuya kwapampopi kuyenera kuwongoleredwa kuti muchotse 1/2 mpaka 1/3 ya khungwa (pafupifupi 0.16-0.20 cm kuchokera ku cambium).

(5) Feteleza iyenera kuchitidwa motengera zotsatira za matenda a zakudya kuti awonjezere zakudya.

(6) Yesetsani kusinthika kwa latex kupanga ndikuchita kujambula kwasayansi;

I. Kugogoda kuyenera kuyamba kokha masamba akayamba kuwongoka ndi kusanduka obiriwira kwambiri chaka chilichonse, ndipo kulekeka m'nyengo yozizira pamene masamba ayamba kusanduka achikasu.

II. Dinani malinga ndi nyengo; palibe kugogoda kuyenera kuchitika pamasiku amvula; palibe kugogoda kuyenera kuchitika pamene nyengo yozizira ili pansi pa 15 ℃; palibe kugogoda kuyenera kuchitika pamene thunthu la mtengo silinauma; palibe kugogoda komwe kumayenera kuchitika panthawi yomwe matenda a makungwa ayamba.

III. Ngati mphira wowuma ali pansi pa 28% mu theka loyamba la chaka, kapena pansi pa 25% mu theka lachiwiri la chaka, kupopera kuyenera kuyimitsidwa kwakanthawi; Ngati pali zizindikiro za necrosis ya khungwa, kugogoda kwapakatikati kuyenera kutengedwa.

(7) Kupatulapo mitengo yomwe ikugwedezeka mwamphamvu kuti itsitsimuke, kuwonjezeka kwa zokolola kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mkati mwabwino pakati pa kupanga latex ndi kutuluka kwa latex.

(8) Kupititsa patsogolo zotsatira za kukondoweza ndi kuonjezera zokolola pamene kuchepetsa zotsatira zake, njira yosinthira mizere yopopera pamtunda wosiyana iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito momwe zingathere.


Kodi njira zogwiritsira ntchito ethephon pamitengo ya rabara ndi ziti?

Kutengera chonyamulira (mapangidwe), pali njira zazikulu zitatu:

(1) Emulsion: Ikani emulsion ku khungwa pansi pa mzere wogogoda (pogogoda mmwamba) kapena pamwamba pa mzere wogogoda (pogogoda pansi). M'lifupi zimatengera kuchuluka kwa mabala, nthawi zambiri 1.2-1.5 cm motsatira mzere wokhota, ndikuchotsa khungwa loyipa. Ndiye, wogawana ntchito okonzeka ethephon emulsion ku scraped makungwa m'dera ndi burashi.

(2) Njira yamadzimadzi kapena phala: M'malo mokolopa khungwa, mutachotsa latex, ikani molingana ndi ethephon yamadzimadzi (kapena phala) ndi burashi pamzere wogogoda mpaka kudera la khungwa la masentimita awiri. (3) Njira ya Colloidal: Yogwiritsidwa ntchito mofanana ndi emulsions, ubwino wake ndi woti ukhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito mwamsanga mutatha kugula popanda kufunikira kukonzekera, koma imapezeka mu ndende imodzi yokha.

Maola 48 mutatha kugwiritsa ntchito, ethephon idzakhala italowa mumtengo wa rabara, ndipo kugogoda kungayambe.

Ngati mvula yamkuntho kapena mvula ikagwa mkati mwa maola a 5, kubwereza ndikofunikira chifukwa ethephon sidzalowa mumtengo wa rabara. Pambuyo pa maola 5, ngakhale mvula itagwanso kwambiri, kubwereza sikofunikira.


Ndi mitundu yanji ya ethephon yomwe iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito pamitengo ya rabara?

Kusankha kapangidwe kake kayenera kuganizira zinthu monga gwero la zida, mphamvu, kuchuluka kwa zokolola, mtengo, ndi chitetezo cha mitengo ya rabara. Nthawi zambiri, zonyamulira zokhala ndi zida zopezeka mosavuta komanso zotsika mtengo, zomata mwamphamvu, ndi zotsatira zochepa zoyipa ndizokonda. M'zaka zaposachedwapa, mafakitale apanga 40% ethephon alcohol solutions ndi 5-10% colloidal formulations; alimi nthawi zambiri amakonzekera phala ndi emulsions okha.

Yankho lamadzi: Okonzeka ndi kusakaniza mwachindunji ethephon kuganizira ndi madzi malinga ndi zofunika.

Yankho la Colloidal: M'zaka zaposachedwa, Shanghai Pengpu Chemical Plant, yotengera zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'minda ya mphira yakunja, yapanga bwino njira ya 5-10% ya colloidal ethephon. Imamatira mwamphamvu, sikokoloka mosavuta ndi mvula, ndipo ndiyosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito. Zayesedwa pafamu yogwirizana ndi South China Academy of Tropical Crops.

Phala: Onjezerani 0,5 kg ya wowuma ku 50 kg ya madzi, gwedezani bwino, ndi wiritsani mpaka phala litapangidwa. Mukaziziritsa mpaka kutentha, onjezerani ethephon concentrate ndikugwedeza bwino kuti mupeze phala.

Emulsion: Gwiritsani ntchito mafuta a kanjedza ku rosin mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 1.50, kapena tung mafuta ku rosin mu chiŵerengero cha 1: 2 monga chonyamulira. Choyamba, sungunulani ndi kusakaniza mafuta ndi rosin, ozizira kutentha kwa firiji, kenaka yikani ethephon kuganizira ndikuyambitsa bwino kuti mupeze emulsion.

Ma emulsions amakhala owoneka bwino, amamatira mwamphamvu, amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yogwira ntchito, komanso kuchuluka kwa zokolola zabwino, koma amakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa kwambiri, ndi okwera mtengo kwambiri, ndipo zidazo zimakhala zovuta kupeza. Mayankho amadzimadzi amakhala osawoneka bwino, amakhala osamata bwino, amakhala ndi nthawi yayitali yogwira bwino ntchito, komanso zokolola zosauka, koma amakhala ndi zotsatirapo zochepa, zotsika mtengo, ndipo zidazo zimapezeka mosavuta. Pastes ndi wapakatikati pakati emulsions ndi amadzimadzi zothetsera. Mayankho a Colloidal ali ndi adhesion amphamvu, amatha kugulidwa okonzeka, ndipo safuna kudzikonzekera okha, kuwapangitsa kukhala osavuta kugwiritsa ntchito, koma ndi okwera mtengo.