Chiyambi ndi ntchito za Plant auxin
Auxin ndi indole-3-acetic acid, yokhala ndi formula ya maselo C10H9NO2. Ndilo timadzi tambiri tomwe tinapezeka tolimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu. Mawu achingerezi amachokera ku mawu achi Greek auxein (kukula).
Chopangidwa choyera cha indole-3-acetic acid ndi kristalo woyera ndipo sichisungunuka m'madzi. Amasungunuka mosavuta mu zosungunulira organic monga ethanol ndi ether. Imakhala ndi okosijeni mosavuta ndipo imasandulika kukhala ofiira owala, ndipo ntchito yake yokhudzana ndi thupi imachepetsedwa. Indole-3-acetic acid muzomera ikhoza kukhala yomasuka kapena yomangidwa (yomangidwa). Zotsirizirazo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ester kapena peptide.
Zomwe zili mu indole-3-acetic acid yaulere muzomera ndizochepa kwambiri, pafupifupi 1-100 micrograms pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwatsopano. Zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo ndi mtundu wa minofu. Zomwe zili muzinthu zomwe zimakula mwamphamvu kapena ziwalo monga zokulirapo ndi mungu ndizochepa.
Ma auxins ambiri a Zomera amathandizanso pakugawikana kwa ma cell ndi kusiyanitsa, kukula kwa zipatso, kupanga mizu mukamadula ndikuchotsa masamba. Auxin yofunika kwambiri mwachilengedwe ndi β-indole-3-acetic acid. Zowongolera zakukula kwa mbewu zopangidwa mwaluso zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zofananira zimaphatikizapo brassinolide, cytokinin, gibberellin, Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), DA-6, ndi zina zambiri.
Ntchito ya Auxin ndi yapawiri: imatha kulimbikitsa kukula ndikuletsa kukula;
imatha kufulumizitsa komanso kuletsa kumera; zingalepheretse kugwa kwa maluwa ndi zipatso ndi maluwa opyapyala ndi zipatso. Izi zimagwirizana ndi kukhudzidwa kwa ndende ya Auxin kumadera osiyanasiyana a mbewu. Nthawi zambiri, mizu ya zomera imakhala yovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi masamba. Ma Dicotyledon ndi ovuta kwambiri kuposa ma monocots. Chifukwa chake, ma analogi a auxin monga 2-4D atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera udzu. Amadziwika ndi mbali ziwiri, zomwe zimatha kulimbikitsa kukula, kulepheretsa kukula, komanso kupha zomera.
Mphamvu yolimbikitsa ya Auxin imawonetsedwa m'magawo awiri: kukwezedwa ndi kuletsa:
Auxin ali ndi zotsatira zolimbikitsa:
1. Mapangidwe a maluwa achikazi
2. Parthenocarpy, kukula kwa ovary khoma
3. Kusiyanitsa kwa mitolo ya mitsempha
4. Kukula kwa masamba, kupanga mizu yofananira
5. Kukula kwa mbewu ndi zipatso, machiritso a bala
6. Kulamulira kwa apical, etc.
Auxin ali ndi zoletsa:
1. Kudumpha kwa maluwa,
2. Kuwonongeka kwa zipatso, kuchepa kwa masamba ang'onoang'ono, kukula kwa nthambi zam'mbali,
3. Kupanga mizu, etc.
Zotsatira za auxin pakukula kwa mbewu zimadalira kuchuluka kwa auxin, mtundu wa chomera, ndi mbewu. zokhudzana ndi ziwalo (mizu, zimayambira, masamba, etc.). Nthawi zambiri, kutsika pang'ono kumatha kulimbikitsa kukula, pomwe kukwera kwambiri kumatha kulepheretsa kukula kapena kufa kwa mbewu. Zomera za Dicotyledonous zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Auxin kuposa mbewu za monocotyledonous; Ziwalo zamasamba zimakhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa ziwalo zoberekera; Mizu imakhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa masamba, ndipo masamba amakhala omvera kuposa zimayambira, ndi zina zambiri.
Chopangidwa choyera cha indole-3-acetic acid ndi kristalo woyera ndipo sichisungunuka m'madzi. Amasungunuka mosavuta mu zosungunulira organic monga ethanol ndi ether. Imakhala ndi okosijeni mosavuta ndipo imasandulika kukhala ofiira owala, ndipo ntchito yake yokhudzana ndi thupi imachepetsedwa. Indole-3-acetic acid muzomera ikhoza kukhala yomasuka kapena yomangidwa (yomangidwa). Zotsirizirazo nthawi zambiri zimakhala ester kapena peptide.
Zomwe zili mu indole-3-acetic acid yaulere muzomera ndizochepa kwambiri, pafupifupi 1-100 micrograms pa kilogalamu ya kulemera kwatsopano. Zimasiyanasiyana malinga ndi malo ndi mtundu wa minofu. Zomwe zili muzinthu zomwe zimakula mwamphamvu kapena ziwalo monga zokulirapo ndi mungu ndizochepa.
Ma auxins ambiri a Zomera amathandizanso pakugawikana kwa ma cell ndi kusiyanitsa, kukula kwa zipatso, kupanga mizu mukamadula ndikuchotsa masamba. Auxin yofunika kwambiri mwachilengedwe ndi β-indole-3-acetic acid. Zowongolera zakukula kwa mbewu zopangidwa mwaluso zomwe zimakhala ndi zotsatira zofananira zimaphatikizapo brassinolide, cytokinin, gibberellin, Naphthalene acetic acid (NAA), DA-6, ndi zina zambiri.
Ntchito ya Auxin ndi yapawiri: imatha kulimbikitsa kukula ndikuletsa kukula;
imatha kufulumizitsa komanso kuletsa kumera; zingalepheretse kugwa kwa maluwa ndi zipatso ndi maluwa opyapyala ndi zipatso. Izi zimagwirizana ndi kukhudzidwa kwa ndende ya Auxin kumadera osiyanasiyana a mbewu. Nthawi zambiri, mizu ya zomera imakhala yovuta kwambiri kusiyana ndi masamba. Ma Dicotyledon ndi ovuta kwambiri kuposa ma monocots. Chifukwa chake, ma analogi a auxin monga 2-4D atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati mankhwala ophera udzu. Amadziwika ndi mbali ziwiri, zomwe zimatha kulimbikitsa kukula, kulepheretsa kukula, komanso kupha zomera.
Mphamvu yolimbikitsa ya Auxin imawonetsedwa m'magawo awiri: kukwezedwa ndi kuletsa:
Auxin ali ndi zotsatira zolimbikitsa:
1. Mapangidwe a maluwa achikazi
2. Parthenocarpy, kukula kwa ovary khoma
3. Kusiyanitsa kwa mitolo ya mitsempha
4. Kukula kwa masamba, kupanga mizu yofananira
5. Kukula kwa mbewu ndi zipatso, machiritso a bala
6. Kulamulira kwa apical, etc.
Auxin ali ndi zoletsa:
1. Kudumpha kwa maluwa,
2. Kuwonongeka kwa zipatso, kuchepa kwa masamba ang'onoang'ono, kukula kwa nthambi zam'mbali,
3. Kupanga mizu, etc.
Zotsatira za auxin pakukula kwa mbewu zimadalira kuchuluka kwa auxin, mtundu wa chomera, ndi mbewu. zokhudzana ndi ziwalo (mizu, zimayambira, masamba, etc.). Nthawi zambiri, kutsika pang'ono kumatha kulimbikitsa kukula, pomwe kukwera kwambiri kumatha kulepheretsa kukula kapena kufa kwa mbewu. Zomera za Dicotyledonous zimakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi Auxin kuposa mbewu za monocotyledonous; Ziwalo zamasamba zimakhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa ziwalo zoberekera; Mizu imakhudzidwa kwambiri kuposa masamba, ndipo masamba amakhala omvera kuposa zimayambira, ndi zina zambiri.
