Zomera kukula kalozera mwachidule
Zowongolera kukula kwa zomera (PGRs) ndi mankhwala opangidwa mwaluso omwe ali ndi zotsatira zofanana za thupi komanso mawonekedwe ofanana ndi mahomoni omera. Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu ndi m'gulu lalikulu la mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndipo ndi gulu la mankhwala ophera tizilombo omwe amawongolera kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu, kuphatikiza mankhwala opangidwa ofanana ndi mahomoni achilengedwe achilengedwe ndi mahomoni otengedwa kuchokera ku zamoyo.
Chowongolera kukula kwa mbewu ndi chinthu chatsopano chomwe chimapangidwa mwaluso kapena kutukulidwa kuti chikhale ndi zotsatira zofananira pathupi komanso zachilengedwe ndi mahomoni obzala. Pofuna kuwongolera bwino kukula kwa mbewu pakupanga ulimi, kukonza bwino mbewu, kukulitsa kukana kupsinjika kwa mbewu, kukhazikika kwa zokolola ndikuwonjezera zokolola, etc.
Zina zowongolera kukula kwa zomera zimatha kupangidwa ndi zomera nthawi zina, koma zimatha kulowetsedwa muzomera popopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Kukula kwa zomera kumayang'anira kugawanika kwa maselo, elongation, minofu ndi ziwalo zosiyana, maluwa ndi fruiting, kusasitsa ndi senescence, dormancy ndi kumera, motero kapena mogwirizana wina ndi mzake, potero zimakhudza kukula kwa zomera ndi chitukuko kuti tikwaniritse zomwe mukufuna.
Owongolera kukula kwa zomera akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu malinga ndi udindo wawo:
Gulu loyamba ndi olimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera.
Ikhoza kulimbikitsa kugawanika kwa maselo a zomera, kusiyanitsa ndi kutalika, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa ziwalo za zomera ndi kukula kwa ziwalo zoberekera, kuteteza zipatso kugwa, kulimbikitsa mizu ya zomera ndi kumera, ndi kulimbikitsa parthenocarpy. Udindo wowongolera ndi wofanana ndi wa ma auxins, ma cytokinins kapena ma gibberellins pakati pa mahomoni amtundu wamtundu wamtundu. Othandizira kukula kwa zomera ndi indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, α-naphthylacetic acid, 6-BA, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, ndi 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
Gulu lachiwiri ndi zoletsa kukula kwa zomera.
Ikhoza kulepheretsa kukula kwa zomera za apical meristems ndi kumera kwa zomera, kuthetsa ubwino wa apical ndikuwonjezera nthambi zam'mbali, ndikuchotsa udzu, ndi zina zotero. Mankhwala ambiri ophera udzu amathanso kukhala ngati zoletsa kukula akagwiritsidwa ntchito motsika kwambiri. Mphamvu yowongolera ndi yofanana ndi ya abscisic acid m'mahomoni omera amkati. Zoletsa kukula kwa zomera ndi monga maleic acid hydrazide, glyphosate, plasticine, statin, statin, triiodobenzoic acid, etc.
Gulu lachitatu ndi zolepheretsa kukula kwa zomera.
Itha kulepheretsa kukula kwa ma sub-apical meristems ndikuletsa kutalika kwa ma internodes popanda kulepheretsa kukula kwa masamba omaliza. Zimapangitsa kuti mbewuzo zikhale zazifupi komanso zokhuthala, ndikuwonjezera makulidwe ndi chlorophyll m'masamba. Popeza imayang'anira kaphatikizidwe ka gibberellins muzomera, zotsatira zake zitha kubwezeretsedwanso pogwiritsa ntchito gibberellins. Zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa zomera ndi izi: chlormequat, benzylamine, paclobutrazol, butyrohydrazide, uniconazole, trinexapac-ethyl, ndi zina zotero.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chowongolera kukula kwa zomera?
1. Mlingo wa zowongolera kukula kwa Zomera uyenera kukhala woyenera ndipo usawonjezedwe mwakufuna. Kuchulukitsa mlingo kapena kukhazikika pakufuna sikungolephera kulimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera, komanso kudzalepheretsa kukula kwa zomera komanso kuchititsa kuti masamba awonongeke, masamba owuma ndi imfa ya zomera zonse.
2. Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu sizingasakanizidwe mwakufuna kwake. Alimi ambiri nthawi zambiri amasakaniza zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu ndi feteleza wina, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi mankhwala ophera fungal. Kaya Plant Growth Regulator ingasakanizidwe ndi feteleza wamankhwala, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi zinthu zina ziyenera kudziwidwa kudzera mu mayesero obwerezabwereza mukawerenga mosamala malangizo. Apo ayi, sizidzangolephera kulimbikitsa kukula kwachuma kapena kuteteza maluwa ndi zipatso, komanso zidzawononga zomera.
3. Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu ziyenera kukonzedwa munjira ya mayi pasadakhale, apo ayi zidzakhala zovuta kusakaniza wothandizirayo ndipo zidzakhudza mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito. Iyenera kuchepetsedwa malinga ndi malangizo poigwiritsa ntchito. Samalani njira zodzitetezera mukamagwiritsa ntchito.
4. Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu sizingalowe m'malo mwa feteleza wamankhwala. Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu zitha kugwira ntchito yowongolera ndipo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa feteleza. Pakakhala madzi osakwanira komanso feteleza, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mochulukitsira kachulukidwe kakukula kwa mbewu kumawononga mbewu.
Zomera kukula kalozera ubwino
1. Wowongolera kukula kwa zomera ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito. Kukula kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka Plant Growth Regulator kumaphatikizapo pafupifupi zomera zonse zapamwamba ndi zotsika m'makampani obzala, ndikuwongolera photosynthesis, kupuma, kuyamwa kwa zinthu ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zomera, kutumiza ma sign, kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa stomata, komanso kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa osmotic. , transpiration ndi zina zokhudza thupi njira, potero kulamulira kakulidwe ndi chitukuko cha zomera, kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano pakati pa zomera ndi chilengedwe, utithandize kupirira nkhawa za mbewu, kuonjezera zokolola, ndi kupititsa patsogolo ulimi ulimi.
2. Mlingo ndi wochepa, liwiro liri mofulumira, ndipo mphamvu yake ndi yapamwamba. Mbewu zambiri zimangofunika kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kamodzi mkati mwa nthawi yomwe yakhazikitsidwa.
3. Ikhoza bidirectionally kulamulira makhalidwe akunja ndi mkati zokhudza thupi ndondomeko ya zomera.
4. Zowunikira kwambiri komanso akatswiri. Ikhoza kuthetsa mavuto ena omwe ndi ovuta kuwathetsa ndi njira zina, monga kupanga zipatso zopanda mbewu.
Chidule cha kukula kwa zomera
Poyerekeza ndi luso lamakono laulimi, kugwiritsa ntchito chowongolera kukula kwa zomera kuli ndi ubwino wotsika mtengo, zotsatira zachangu, kuchita bwino kwambiri, ndi kupulumutsa antchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwakhala chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri paulimi wamakono. Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mbewu zandalama, mbewu zambewu ndi mafuta, masamba, mitengo yazipatso, mbewu zamaluwa, zida zamankhwala zaku China, ndi mafangasi odyedwa. Poyerekeza ndi mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo ndi feteleza, imapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yabwino kwambiri komanso imakhala ndi chiŵerengero chokulirapo.
Wowongolera kukula kwa mbewu atenga gawo lalikulu polimbikitsa kapena kuwongolera kukula kwa mbewu, kukulitsa kukana kupsinjika kwa mbewu, kuchulukitsa zokolola, kukonza bwino mbewu, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo kumathandizira kuti pakhale ulimi wokulirapo komanso wokulirapo. Zimasakanizidwa ndi fungicides, feteleza osungunuka m'madzi, ndi zina zotero, ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuphatikiza madzi ndi feteleza.
Chowongolera kukula kwa mbewu ndi chinthu chatsopano chomwe chimapangidwa mwaluso kapena kutukulidwa kuti chikhale ndi zotsatira zofananira pathupi komanso zachilengedwe ndi mahomoni obzala. Pofuna kuwongolera bwino kukula kwa mbewu pakupanga ulimi, kukonza bwino mbewu, kukulitsa kukana kupsinjika kwa mbewu, kukhazikika kwa zokolola ndikuwonjezera zokolola, etc.
Zina zowongolera kukula kwa zomera zimatha kupangidwa ndi zomera nthawi zina, koma zimatha kulowetsedwa muzomera popopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Kukula kwa zomera kumayang'anira kugawanika kwa maselo, elongation, minofu ndi ziwalo zosiyana, maluwa ndi fruiting, kusasitsa ndi senescence, dormancy ndi kumera, motero kapena mogwirizana wina ndi mzake, potero zimakhudza kukula kwa zomera ndi chitukuko kuti tikwaniritse zomwe mukufuna.
Owongolera kukula kwa zomera akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu atatu malinga ndi udindo wawo:
Gulu loyamba ndi olimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera.
Ikhoza kulimbikitsa kugawanika kwa maselo a zomera, kusiyanitsa ndi kutalika, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa ziwalo za zomera ndi kukula kwa ziwalo zoberekera, kuteteza zipatso kugwa, kulimbikitsa mizu ya zomera ndi kumera, ndi kulimbikitsa parthenocarpy. Udindo wowongolera ndi wofanana ndi wa ma auxins, ma cytokinins kapena ma gibberellins pakati pa mahomoni amtundu wamtundu wamtundu. Othandizira kukula kwa zomera ndi indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, α-naphthylacetic acid, 6-BA, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, ndi 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
Gulu lachiwiri ndi zoletsa kukula kwa zomera.
Ikhoza kulepheretsa kukula kwa zomera za apical meristems ndi kumera kwa zomera, kuthetsa ubwino wa apical ndikuwonjezera nthambi zam'mbali, ndikuchotsa udzu, ndi zina zotero. Mankhwala ambiri ophera udzu amathanso kukhala ngati zoletsa kukula akagwiritsidwa ntchito motsika kwambiri. Mphamvu yowongolera ndi yofanana ndi ya abscisic acid m'mahomoni omera amkati. Zoletsa kukula kwa zomera ndi monga maleic acid hydrazide, glyphosate, plasticine, statin, statin, triiodobenzoic acid, etc.
Gulu lachitatu ndi zolepheretsa kukula kwa zomera.
Itha kulepheretsa kukula kwa ma sub-apical meristems ndikuletsa kutalika kwa ma internodes popanda kulepheretsa kukula kwa masamba omaliza. Zimapangitsa kuti mbewuzo zikhale zazifupi komanso zokhuthala, ndikuwonjezera makulidwe ndi chlorophyll m'masamba. Popeza imayang'anira kaphatikizidwe ka gibberellins muzomera, zotsatira zake zitha kubwezeretsedwanso pogwiritsa ntchito gibberellins. Zomwe zimalepheretsa kukula kwa zomera ndi izi: chlormequat, benzylamine, paclobutrazol, butyrohydrazide, uniconazole, trinexapac-ethyl, ndi zina zotero.
Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito chowongolera kukula kwa zomera?
1. Mlingo wa zowongolera kukula kwa Zomera uyenera kukhala woyenera ndipo usawonjezedwe mwakufuna. Kuchulukitsa mlingo kapena kukhazikika pakufuna sikungolephera kulimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera, komanso kudzalepheretsa kukula kwa zomera komanso kuchititsa kuti masamba awonongeke, masamba owuma ndi imfa ya zomera zonse.
2. Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu sizingasakanizidwe mwakufuna kwake. Alimi ambiri nthawi zambiri amasakaniza zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu ndi feteleza wina, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi mankhwala ophera fungal. Kaya Plant Growth Regulator ingasakanizidwe ndi feteleza wamankhwala, mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi zinthu zina ziyenera kudziwidwa kudzera mu mayesero obwerezabwereza mukawerenga mosamala malangizo. Apo ayi, sizidzangolephera kulimbikitsa kukula kwachuma kapena kuteteza maluwa ndi zipatso, komanso zidzawononga zomera.
3. Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu ziyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito moyenera. Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu ziyenera kukonzedwa munjira ya mayi pasadakhale, apo ayi zidzakhala zovuta kusakaniza wothandizirayo ndipo zidzakhudza mwachindunji kugwiritsa ntchito. Iyenera kuchepetsedwa malinga ndi malangizo poigwiritsa ntchito. Samalani njira zodzitetezera mukamagwiritsa ntchito.
4. Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu sizingalowe m'malo mwa feteleza wamankhwala. Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu zitha kugwira ntchito yowongolera ndipo sizingagwiritsidwe ntchito m'malo mwa feteleza. Pakakhala madzi osakwanira komanso feteleza, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mochulukitsira kachulukidwe kakukula kwa mbewu kumawononga mbewu.
Zomera kukula kalozera ubwino
1. Wowongolera kukula kwa zomera ali ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana ndi ntchito. Kukula kwa kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka Plant Growth Regulator kumaphatikizapo pafupifupi zomera zonse zapamwamba ndi zotsika m'makampani obzala, ndikuwongolera photosynthesis, kupuma, kuyamwa kwa zinthu ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zomera, kutumiza ma sign, kutsegula ndi kutseka kwa stomata, komanso kuwongolera kuthamanga kwa osmotic. , transpiration ndi zina zokhudza thupi njira, potero kulamulira kakulidwe ndi chitukuko cha zomera, kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano pakati pa zomera ndi chilengedwe, utithandize kupirira nkhawa za mbewu, kuonjezera zokolola, ndi kupititsa patsogolo ulimi ulimi.
2. Mlingo ndi wochepa, liwiro liri mofulumira, ndipo mphamvu yake ndi yapamwamba. Mbewu zambiri zimangofunika kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kamodzi mkati mwa nthawi yomwe yakhazikitsidwa.
3. Ikhoza bidirectionally kulamulira makhalidwe akunja ndi mkati zokhudza thupi ndondomeko ya zomera.
4. Zowunikira kwambiri komanso akatswiri. Ikhoza kuthetsa mavuto ena omwe ndi ovuta kuwathetsa ndi njira zina, monga kupanga zipatso zopanda mbewu.
Chidule cha kukula kwa zomera
Poyerekeza ndi luso lamakono laulimi, kugwiritsa ntchito chowongolera kukula kwa zomera kuli ndi ubwino wotsika mtengo, zotsatira zachangu, kuchita bwino kwambiri, ndi kupulumutsa antchito. Kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kwakhala chimodzi mwazinthu zofunika kwambiri paulimi wamakono. Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga mbewu zandalama, mbewu zambewu ndi mafuta, masamba, mitengo yazipatso, mbewu zamaluwa, zida zamankhwala zaku China, ndi mafangasi odyedwa. Poyerekeza ndi mankhwala ena ophera tizilombo ndi feteleza, imapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yabwino kwambiri komanso imakhala ndi chiŵerengero chokulirapo.
Wowongolera kukula kwa mbewu atenga gawo lalikulu polimbikitsa kapena kuwongolera kukula kwa mbewu, kukulitsa kukana kupsinjika kwa mbewu, kuchulukitsa zokolola, kukonza bwino mbewu, ndi zina zambiri, ndipo kumathandizira kuti pakhale ulimi wokulirapo komanso wokulirapo. Zimasakanizidwa ndi fungicides, feteleza osungunuka m'madzi, ndi zina zotero, ndipo ndizofunikira kwambiri pakuphatikiza madzi ndi feteleza.
