Ma Hormones a Bzala ndi Kukula kwa mbewu kumateteza njira yonse yopanga ulimi wamakono
Zomera zamitengo ndi kukula kwa mbewu zimawongolera kukula kwa mbewu, chitukuko, komanso njira zopepuka zopanga zamalimirizi. Nthawi yomweyo, maubwenzi olimba ndi otsutsana ndi ofota ali pakati pa mahomoni amitengo ndi kukula kwa Blalators, mogwirizana ndi chomera chonsecho.
I. Kufesa ndi mmera: Kuyika maziko a zokolola zapamwamba
1. Kuphwanya madontho ndi kulimbikitsa yunifolomu ndi mbande zolimba.
Mbewu zina (monga mbatata tubers, mpunga, ndi tirigu tirigu) zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimatha kuchedwetsa kubzala. Kugwetsa mbeu kapena tubers ku Gibberellic acid (ga3) kumatha kuthyola bwino, kulimbikitsa kumera kwa mbeu, ndipo zimapangitsa kuti kumera komanso yunifolomu ataphuka.
2. Kulimbikitsa mizu komanso kumathandizira kufalitsa.
Kuchitira maziko a zodulidwa ndi olamulira ovomerezeka a Auxin (kuzika ufa) monga 1-naha) kapena iba
Ii. Gawo la kukula kwa kukula: Kukula kwa kukula ndikupanga chomera chabwino
1. Kukhazikitsa kukula, kuchulukana zipatso ndi ndalama.
Mukupanga masamba, kugwiritsa ntchito ma oyang'anira ora monga Ga3 · da-6 kumatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu ngati kabichi ndikuwonjezera zipatso. Kulima kwa thonje, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Mepiquat chloride kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumalepheretsa kukula kwa masamba, kupewa kukula kwa masamba, komanso michere yambiri yoperekera mabatani a thonje, potero kuyika zipatso ndi ndalama.
Kuwongolera zochulukirapo kukula ndikupewa malo ogona.
Mbewu ngati chimanga ndi mpunga zimakonda kukula kwambiri pamene umuna wokwanira komanso wowonjezereka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zinyalala kapena zotamba. Alimi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kukula okhazikika monga chhrorquat chloride, paclobutrazol, ndi incitsotsole, ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati starm yotupa pagawo lokulirapo (monga gawo loyambirira). Izi zimalepheretsa tsinde, limalimbikitsa masamba am'mimba komanso mizu yotukuka kwambiri, imathandizira kukana polimbana, ndikuwonetsa chomera chabwino.
Iii. Maluwa ndi zipatso
1. Kuyambitsa maluwa ndikuwongolera nthawi ya maluwa.
Ga3 Gibberellic acid ndi "maluwa odziwika bwino." Kwa mbewu zomwe zimafuna kutentha pang'ono kapena masiku akumaluwa (monga maluwa ena), kuwombera masamba), kuwombera gibberellic acid mopanda tanthauzo, kumakulepheretsani kupanga maluwa. Ethephoni, kumbali inayo amalimbikitsa kusiyanasiyana kwa maluwa kwa akazi muzomera zina (monga mavwende ndi solaceondoous mbewu), kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso. Mu phwetekere, mankhwala ndi EtheHkun amatha kulimbikitsa maluwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipatso zizikhazikika komanso zothandizira kusamalira ndi kututa.
2. Flowe ndi chizipatso komanso kupatulira.
Pansi pa chilengedwe (monga kutentha pang'ono ndi chilala), ma birilants ndi zipatso zipatso amakonda maluwa ndi zipatso. Kuthira ndi a Aumuns (2,4-D), GA3 (Gibberellic asidi), ndi stac. Maluwa ochulukirapo komanso zipatso m'mafuta ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimatha kubweretsa zipatso zazing'ono ndikuchepa. Kupopera ndi Aubins (Naa), ABSSSCISIC acid, etc.
Iv. Kukula kwa zipatso ndi kusasitsa: kukulitsa mkhalidwe ndi kufunika
1. Kupititsa patsogolo kukulitsa zipatso.
Kugwiritsa ntchito synergist zotsatira za cytokinins ndi gibberellic acid kungalimbikitse kugawa kwa maselo ndi elongation, ndikupangitsa kuti kuwonjezera zipatso mwachangu. Kuyatsa zipatso zazing'ono monga mphesa, Kiwiffert, ndi mavwende okhala ndi chloryrifos kapena thiamethoxam imatha kupititsa patsogolo magawo a cell, kuwonjezera zipatso, ndipo amatha kupanga zipatso zopanda zipatso.
2. Limalimbikitsa mphesa ndikukongoletsa.
Mu nthawi yakucha zipatso kapena mukakolola kapena kupopera kapena kupopera mbewu ndi Ethephoni kumatulutsa mpweya, womwe umathandizira kutembenuka kwa shuga, komanso kuwonongeka kwa chlorophyg ndi anthocyonins), kukwaniritsa utoto wonyezimira. Ethephoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo kucha chipatso monga tomato, nthochi, ndi zipatso za zipatso. Mwachitsanzo, nthochi nthawi zambiri zimakololedwa ngati zobiriwira komanso zolimba, kenako zimakhwima pachikaso pogwiritsa ntchito ethephon pambuyo poyendetsa kupita kumalo ogulitsira.
3..
Olamulira a Cytokinin (monga 6-benzylaminopurine (6-ba)) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Kuchulukitsa kapena kuwira masamba masamba (monga masamba a udzu ndi letesi) ndi maluwa amatha kuwonongeka kwa chlorophyll kuwonongeka kwa chlorophy ndi ntchentche.
4. Kulimbana ndi nkhawa
Zomera zamera ndi kukula kwa zomera zitha kuthandizanso mbewu kuthana ndi malo olakwika. Pomwe Abssisic acid (Aba) amalimbikitsa misonecence, imagwiranso ntchito ngati "zopsinjika zopsinjika" mu zomera. Kuwiritsa musanayambitse njira zodzitetezera, monga kutseka skitomato kwa osuta komanso kudziunjikira osmotic oyang'anira, mwakuyatsa kukana kwake kuzirala, chilala, ndi mchere. Pamene herbicides ikagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, yothira brassinolide (BRS) imatha kuyendetsa mtembo wa mbewu, kuti athandizire kumakula mwachangu komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa herbicial.
Tiyenera kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni ndi kukula kwa mbewu bwino komanso mwasayansi kuti akwaniritse kusamalira moyo wa mbewu ya mbewu, ndikukwaniritsa zolinga zakuwonjezereka, zowonjezereka, ndikuchepetsa mtengo.
I. Kufesa ndi mmera: Kuyika maziko a zokolola zapamwamba
1. Kuphwanya madontho ndi kulimbikitsa yunifolomu ndi mbande zolimba.
Mbewu zina (monga mbatata tubers, mpunga, ndi tirigu tirigu) zimakhala ndi nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimatha kuchedwetsa kubzala. Kugwetsa mbeu kapena tubers ku Gibberellic acid (ga3) kumatha kuthyola bwino, kulimbikitsa kumera kwa mbeu, ndipo zimapangitsa kuti kumera komanso yunifolomu ataphuka.
2. Kulimbikitsa mizu komanso kumathandizira kufalitsa.
Kuchitira maziko a zodulidwa ndi olamulira ovomerezeka a Auxin (kuzika ufa) monga 1-naha) kapena iba
Ii. Gawo la kukula kwa kukula: Kukula kwa kukula ndikupanga chomera chabwino
1. Kukhazikitsa kukula, kuchulukana zipatso ndi ndalama.
Mukupanga masamba, kugwiritsa ntchito ma oyang'anira ora monga Ga3 · da-6 kumatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mbewu ngati kabichi ndikuwonjezera zipatso. Kulima kwa thonje, kugwiritsa ntchito kwa Mepiquat chloride kumagwiritsidwa ntchito kumalepheretsa kukula kwa masamba, kupewa kukula kwa masamba, komanso michere yambiri yoperekera mabatani a thonje, potero kuyika zipatso ndi ndalama.
Kuwongolera zochulukirapo kukula ndikupewa malo ogona.
Mbewu ngati chimanga ndi mpunga zimakonda kukula kwambiri pamene umuna wokwanira komanso wowonjezereka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zikhale zinyalala kapena zotamba. Alimi nthawi zambiri amagwiritsa ntchito kukula okhazikika monga chhrorquat chloride, paclobutrazol, ndi incitsotsole, ndikuwagwiritsa ntchito ngati starm yotupa pagawo lokulirapo (monga gawo loyambirira). Izi zimalepheretsa tsinde, limalimbikitsa masamba am'mimba komanso mizu yotukuka kwambiri, imathandizira kukana polimbana, ndikuwonetsa chomera chabwino.
Iii. Maluwa ndi zipatso
1. Kuyambitsa maluwa ndikuwongolera nthawi ya maluwa.
Ga3 Gibberellic acid ndi "maluwa odziwika bwino." Kwa mbewu zomwe zimafuna kutentha pang'ono kapena masiku akumaluwa (monga maluwa ena), kuwombera masamba), kuwombera gibberellic acid mopanda tanthauzo, kumakulepheretsani kupanga maluwa. Ethephoni, kumbali inayo amalimbikitsa kusiyanasiyana kwa maluwa kwa akazi muzomera zina (monga mavwende ndi solaceondoous mbewu), kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso. Mu phwetekere, mankhwala ndi EtheHkun amatha kulimbikitsa maluwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zipatso zizikhazikika komanso zothandizira kusamalira ndi kututa.
2. Flowe ndi chizipatso komanso kupatulira.
Pansi pa chilengedwe (monga kutentha pang'ono ndi chilala), ma birilants ndi zipatso zipatso amakonda maluwa ndi zipatso. Kuthira ndi a Aumuns (2,4-D), GA3 (Gibberellic asidi), ndi stac. Maluwa ochulukirapo komanso zipatso m'mafuta ndi ndiwo zamasamba zimatha kubweretsa zipatso zazing'ono ndikuchepa. Kupopera ndi Aubins (Naa), ABSSSCISIC acid, etc.
Iv. Kukula kwa zipatso ndi kusasitsa: kukulitsa mkhalidwe ndi kufunika
1. Kupititsa patsogolo kukulitsa zipatso.
Kugwiritsa ntchito synergist zotsatira za cytokinins ndi gibberellic acid kungalimbikitse kugawa kwa maselo ndi elongation, ndikupangitsa kuti kuwonjezera zipatso mwachangu. Kuyatsa zipatso zazing'ono monga mphesa, Kiwiffert, ndi mavwende okhala ndi chloryrifos kapena thiamethoxam imatha kupititsa patsogolo magawo a cell, kuwonjezera zipatso, ndipo amatha kupanga zipatso zopanda zipatso.
2. Limalimbikitsa mphesa ndikukongoletsa.
Mu nthawi yakucha zipatso kapena mukakolola kapena kupopera kapena kupopera mbewu ndi Ethephoni kumatulutsa mpweya, womwe umathandizira kutembenuka kwa shuga, komanso kuwonongeka kwa chlorophyg ndi anthocyonins), kukwaniritsa utoto wonyezimira. Ethephoni amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kupititsa patsogolo kucha chipatso monga tomato, nthochi, ndi zipatso za zipatso. Mwachitsanzo, nthochi nthawi zambiri zimakololedwa ngati zobiriwira komanso zolimba, kenako zimakhwima pachikaso pogwiritsa ntchito ethephon pambuyo poyendetsa kupita kumalo ogulitsira.
3..
Olamulira a Cytokinin (monga 6-benzylaminopurine (6-ba)) amagwiritsidwa ntchito kawirikawiri. Kuchulukitsa kapena kuwira masamba masamba (monga masamba a udzu ndi letesi) ndi maluwa amatha kuwonongeka kwa chlorophyll kuwonongeka kwa chlorophy ndi ntchentche.
4. Kulimbana ndi nkhawa
Zomera zamera ndi kukula kwa zomera zitha kuthandizanso mbewu kuthana ndi malo olakwika. Pomwe Abssisic acid (Aba) amalimbikitsa misonecence, imagwiranso ntchito ngati "zopsinjika zopsinjika" mu zomera. Kuwiritsa musanayambitse njira zodzitetezera, monga kutseka skitomato kwa osuta komanso kudziunjikira osmotic oyang'anira, mwakuyatsa kukana kwake kuzirala, chilala, ndi mchere. Pamene herbicides ikagwiritsidwa ntchito molakwika, yothira brassinolide (BRS) imatha kuyendetsa mtembo wa mbewu, kuti athandizire kumakula mwachangu komanso kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa herbicial.
Tiyenera kuphunzira kugwiritsa ntchito mahomoni ndi kukula kwa mbewu bwino komanso mwasayansi kuti akwaniritse kusamalira moyo wa mbewu ya mbewu, ndikukwaniritsa zolinga zakuwonjezereka, zowonjezereka, ndikuchepetsa mtengo.
Zolemba zaposachedwa
Nkhani Zowonetsedwa
