Kugwiritsa Ntchito Mwanzeru Zowongolera Kukula kwa Zomera Kuti Zilimbikitse Kukolola kwa Mitengo Yazipatso ndi Kupititsa patsogolo Ubwino

Kuchulukitsa Kukolola kwa Mitengo Yazipatso ndi Kupititsa patsogolo Ubwino

1. Malamulo a Kumera kwa Mphukira
Popanga mitengo yazipatso, Gibberellic Acid (GA3) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri kuthyola mbewu kapena masamba amtundu wina wamitengo, potero kulimbikitsa kumera mwachangu ndikufupikitsa nthawi yosamalira mbewu kuti ipititse kumera ndi kumera. Kumbali inayi, zowongolera kukula monga methyl naphthaleneacetate zimatha kutalikitsa nthawi ya masamba, potero amalepheretsa kapena kuchedwetsa kumera. Khalidwe limeneli ndi lofunika makamaka posungira mbewu za mtengo wa zipatso kapena ma scions.

2. Kulimbikitsa Mizu
Popanga mitengo yazipatso, zowunikira zoyenera za zowongolera zakukula kwa mbewu za auxin, monga Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA), ndi Naphthyl Acetic Acid (NAA), zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pochiza scions kapena mbande. Owongolerawa amatha kulimbikitsa mizu m'mitengo ya zipatso ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mizu. Ngakhale Indole Acetic Acid imakhala yothandiza kwambiri polimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu, Naphthyl Acetic Acid imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga kwenikweni chifukwa cha mtengo wake wokwera.


3. Kuwongolera Kukula kwa Zamasamba
Poyang'anira mitengo yazipatso, kugwiritsa ntchito zolepheretsa kukula monga Paclobutrazol (Paclo) ndi Chlormequat Chloride (CCC) zitha kuchedwetsa kapena kulepheretsa kukula kwa mphukira zatsopano, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yochepa kwambiri popanda kuwononga apical meristem kapena kusokoneza kukula kwake. Owongolerawa amathandizira kuwongolera kukula kwa zomera, kufupikitsa ma internodes, kukhuthala kwa tsinde, kukulitsa mtundu wa masamba ndi makulidwe, kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa nthambi zam'mbali, komanso kulimbikitsa mizu yotukuka. Kuphatikiza apo, kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera za kukula kwa cytokinin monga 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) kumatha kulimbikitsa kumera kwa masamba ofananira nawo komanso kupanga mphukira zachiwiri, komanso kulimbikitsa nthambi zomwe zidakhala kale kuti ziyambirenso kukula.

4. Kusiyana kwa Mphukira Zamaluwa ndi Nthawi Yamaluwa
Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa olamulira kukula monga Paclobutrazol (Paclo) ndi Ethephon kungalepheretse bwino kukula kwa vegetative mumitengo ya zipatso monga mapichesi, potero kulimbikitsa mapangidwe ndi kusiyana kwa maluwa, kuwonjezera chiwerengero cha maluwa, kukwaniritsa fruiting oyambirira, ndi kupititsa patsogolo chiwerengero cha zipatso. Kupaka gibberellic acid panthawi yosiyanitsira maluwa kumatha kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa maluwa kapena kulepheretsa kusiyanasiyana kwawo, kukwaniritsa zotsatira za kupatulira kwamaluwa, kupulumutsa ntchito, ndikuthandizira kukolola bwino kwa mitengo yazipatso.

5. Chipatso Ikani Rate Regulation
Owongolera kukula kwa mbewu atha kuwongolera kuchuluka kwa zipatso za mitengo yazipatso. Mwachitsanzo, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu monga Gibberellic Acid (GA) ndi 2,4-D musanayambe maluwa kapena nthawi yamaluwa kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa zipatso. Zowongolerazi zitha kugwiritsidwanso ntchito pakupatulira zipatso kuti muchepetse zokolola.


6. Kupititsa patsogolo Ubwino wa Zipatso
Zowongolera zakukula kwa zomera zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri popanga zipatso kuti zipatso zikhale zabwino. Mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito Gibberellic Acid (GA3) kapena zinthu ngati cytokinin panthawi ya zipatso zazing'ono zimatha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa zipatso kapena kukulitsa. Njira imeneyi sikuti imangowonjezera ubwino wa zipatso komanso imathandizira kuonjezera phindu pazachuma.


7. Lamulo la Kucha kwa Zipatso
Ethephon imalimbikitsa kupsa kwa zipatso, pamene Gibberellic Acid (GA3) imachedwetsa. Mwachitsanzo, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi ndende yoyenera ya Gibberellic Acid (GA3) kapena salicylic acid kumatha kukulitsa kulimba kwa zipatso, kuletsa kaphatikizidwe ka ethylene, motero kuchedwetsa kucha ndi kupezeka kwa msika kwa zipatso monga maapulo.

8. Parthenocarpy Induction
Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu monga ma auxins ndi Gibberellic Acid zitha kulimbikitsa kukula kwa ovary muzomera. Posamalira mitengo yazipatso ndi IAA kapena GA3, parthenocarpy imatha kukopeka, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti pakhale zipatso zopanda mbewu. Njira imeneyi sikuti imangowonjezera ubwino wa zipatso komanso imathandizira kuonjezera phindu pazachuma.


9. Kulimbitsa Kulimbana ndi Kupsinjika Maganizo
Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu zimakhudza kwambiri kukana kupsinjika kwa mitengo yazipatso. Ethephon imathandizira bwino kukana kuzizira ndi chisanu kwa maapulo, pomwe jasmonic acid ndi methyl ester yake imagwirizana kwambiri ndi kukana kwa matenda komanso kukana chilala kwa mitengo yazipatso.

10. Kufunsira kwa Tissue Culture
Zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu zimagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakukula kwamitengo yamitengo. Amakhudza kwambiri morphogenesis komanso kuwongolera zikhalidwe za minofu ya mu vitro. Mwa kusankha mwanzeru chikhalidwe choyambirira, kuwongolera mikhalidwe ya kuwala, kutentha kwa chikhalidwe ndi chinyezi, ndikuphatikiza mitundu yoyenera ya mahomoni ndi kuyika, kusinthika kwa mitengo yazipatso kumatha kulimbikitsidwa bwino.


11. Ukadaulo Wokolola Mwamakina
Kwa mitengo yazipatso monga jujube ndi plums, kukolola ndi makina ndi njira yabwino kwambiri. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi 200-300 mg/L wa ethylene sulfide kumalimbikitsa kugwa kwa zipatso zachilengedwe, kumachepetsa kwambiri kukolola pamanja.

12. Kusungirako ndi Kusungirako Zamakono
Kuchiza zipatso ndi zowongolera zakukula kwa mbewu, monga ethylene inhibitors kapena thiophanate-methyl, kumatha kukulitsa moyo wa alumali wa zipatso, potero kuchepetsa kutayika ndikuwonjezera phindu.

13. Kuthetsa udzu
Zina zowongolera kakulidwe ka zomera zimatha kusakanizidwa ndi mankhwala ophera udzu kuti ziwongolere udzu ndikuwonjezera zokolola, pomwe zimakhala zotetezeka komanso zopanda vuto kumitengo yazipatso. 2,4-D ikagwiritsidwa ntchito limodzi ndi mankhwala ophera udzu, imatha kuchotsa udzu.