Mitundu ndi ntchito za kukula kwa hormone

Pali mitundu 6 ya mahomoni okulitsa zomera, omwe ndi auxin, Gibberellic Acid GA3, Cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid ndi brassinosteroids, BRs.

Hormone ya kukula kwa zomera, amatchedwanso zomera zachilengedwe mahomoni kapena zomera amkati mahomoni, amatanthauza kachulukidwe kachulukidwe organic mankhwala opangidwa mu zomera kuti angathe kulamulira (kulimbikitsa, ziletsa) awo zokhudza thupi.

1. Mitundu ya hormone ya kukula kwa zomera
Pakali pano pali magulu asanu odziwika a phytohormones, omwe ndi auxin, Gibberellic Acid GA3, Cytokinin, ethylene, ndi abscisic acid. Posachedwapa, ma brassinosteroids (BRs) adziwika pang'onopang'ono ngati gulu lalikulu lachisanu ndi chimodzi la ma phytohormones.
1. auxin
(1) Kutulukira: auxin ndiye timadzi tambiri tambiri tomwe tapezeka.
(2) Kugawa: auxin imagawidwa kwambiri muzomera, koma imagawidwa kwambiri m'magawo akukula mwamphamvu komanso achichepere. Monga: nsonga ya tsinde, nsonga ya mizu, chipinda cha umuna, etc.
(3) Mayendedwe: Pali zoyendera polar (zikhoza kunyamulidwa kuchokera kumtunda wapamwamba wa morphology mpaka kumapeto kwapansi ndipo sizingayendetsedwe kumbuyo) ndi zochitika zosagwirizana ndi polar. Mu tsinde ndi kudzera mu phloem, mu coleoptile ndi parenchyma maselo, ndipo mu tsamba ndi mu mitsempha.

2. Gibberellic Acid (GA3)
(1) Amatchedwa Gibberellic Acid GA3 mu 1938; kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala kudadziwika mu 1959.
(2) Tsamba la kaphatikizidwe: Gibberellic Acid GA3 imapezeka kwambiri m'mitengo yapamwamba, ndipo malo omwe ali ndi Gibberellic Acid GA3 ndi malo omwe zomera zimakula.
(3) Mayendedwe: Gibberellic Acid GA3 alibe zoyendera polar mu zomera. Pambuyo pa kaphatikizidwe m'thupi, imatha kunyamulidwa mbali ziwiri, kutsika kudzera mu phloem, ndikukwera mmwamba kudzera mu xylem ndikukwera ndi kutuluka kwa mpweya.

3. Cytokinin
(1) Kupeza: Kuchokera ku 1962 mpaka 1964, Cytokinin yachilengedwe idasiyanitsidwa koyamba ndi chimanga chokoma pachimake chakumapeto kwa masiku 11 mpaka 16 pambuyo pa umuna, wotchedwa zeatin ndi kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala.
(2) Mayendedwe ndi kagayidwe kachakudya: Cytokinin imapezeka kawirikawiri mukukula mwamphamvu, kugawaniza minofu kapena ziwalo, mbewu zosakhwima, kumera mbewu ndi zipatso zomwe zikukula.

4. Abscisic acid
(1) Kutulukira: M’nyengo ya moyo wa zomera, ngati mikhalidwe ya moyo ili yosayenerera, ziwalo zina (monga zipatso, masamba, ndi zina zotero) zidzagwa; kapena kumapeto kwa nyengo yakukula, masamba amagwa, kusiya kukula, ndi kulowa mu dormancy. Panthawi imeneyi, zomera zimapanga mtundu wa hormone yomwe imalepheretsa kukula ndi chitukuko, chomwe ndi abscisic acid. Chifukwa chake asidi abscisic ndi chizindikiro chakukula kwa mbewu komanso kukana kupsinjika.
(2) Tsamba la kaphatikizidwe: Biosynthesis ndi metabolism ya abscisic acid. Mizu, zimayambira, masamba, zipatso, ndi njere za zomera zonse zimatha kupanga abscisic acid.
(3) Mayendedwe: asidi abscisic amatha kunyamulidwa mu xylem ndi phloem. Zambiri zimatumizidwa ku phloem.

5.Ethylene
(1) Ethylene ndi mpweya wopepuka kuposa mpweya pa kutentha ndi kupanikizika kwa chilengedwe. Amachita pamalo a kaphatikizidwe ndipo samanyamulidwa.
(2) Ziwalo zonse za zomera zapamwamba zimatha kupanga ethylene, koma kuchuluka kwa ethylene komwe kumatulutsidwa kumakhala kosiyana ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana, ziwalo ndi magawo a chitukuko. Mwachitsanzo, minyewa yokhwima imatulutsa ethylene yocheperako, pomwe ma meristems, kumera kwa mbewu, maluwa omwe angofota ndipo zipatso zimatulutsa ethylene kwambiri.

2. Zotsatira za thupi la hormone ya kukula kwa zomera
1. Auxin:
Imalimbikitsa kukula kwa zomera. Limbikitsani kugawanika kwa ma cell.
2. Gibberellic Acid GA3:
Imalimbikitsa kugawanika kwa ma cell ndi kutalika kwa tsinde. Limbikitsani bolting ndi maluwa. Kupuma kugona. Limbikitsani kusiyanasiyana kwa maluwa aamuna ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa mbeu.
3. Cytokinin:
Imalimbikitsa kugawanika kwa ma cell. Limbikitsani kusiyana kwa masamba. Limbikitsani kukula kwa ma cell. Limbikitsani kukula kwa masamba ofananira nawo ndikuchepetsa mwayi wa apical.

3. Kodi timadzi tambiri tomwe timakula?
1. Kukula kwa zomera ndi hormone. Hormone yakukula kwa mbewu imatanthawuza kutsata mankhwala omwe amapezeka mwachilengedwe muzomera zomwe zimayang'anira ndikuwongolera kukula ndi kukula kwa mbewu. Amatchedwanso Plant amkati mahomoni.
2. Plant kukula regulato analandira ndi yokumba kaphatikizidwe kapena m'zigawo, komanso ndi tizilombo ting'onoting'ono nayonso mphamvu, etc., ndipo kawirikawiri amatchedwanso Plant exogenous mahomoni.
Awaxin, Gibberellic Acid (GA), Cytokinin (CTK), abscisic acid (ABA), ethyne (ETH) ndi brassinosteroid (BR). Onse ndi osavuta ang'onoang'ono mamolekyu organic mankhwala, koma zotsatira zake thupi ndi zovuta komanso zosiyanasiyana. Mwachitsanzo, zimachokera ku kugawanika kwa maselo, kutalika, ndi kusiyanitsa mpaka kukhudza kumera kwa zomera, mizu, maluwa, fruiting, kutsimikiza za kugonana, kugona, ndi abscission. Choncho, mahomoni a zomera amagwira ntchito yofunika kwambiri pakuwongolera ndi kulamulira kukula kwa zomera.