Kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa foliar

Mbewu zimayamwa zakudya m'njira ziwiri: kuyamwa kwa mizu ndi kuyamwa masamba. Kuyamwitsa kwa mizu kumaphatikizapo kuthira feteleza m'nthaka, pomwe amakumana ndi mizu ndikuyamwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito ndi mizu yabwino kapena nsonga za mizu, kenako amatumizidwa ku mizu, tsinde, masamba, maluwa, ndi zipatso za mbewu. Mayamwidwe a foliar amalola kuti michere ipezeke mwachindunji kuchokera kumasamba, kutenga nawo gawo mu kagayidwe kazakudya ndi kaphatikizidwe kazinthu. Njira zonse ziwirizi ndizowonjezera komanso zofunika kwambiri.

Mikhalidwe yomwe imafunikira feteleza wa foliar:

1. Mizu ikakalamba ndipo mayamwidwe ake achepa, muphatikizidwe feteleza wa masamba.

M'magawo omaliza a kukula kwa mbewu zapachaka, mphamvu ya mizu imachepa, ndipo kutha kuyamwa zakudya kumachepa. Ngati pakufunika kuthirira, njira zopangira mizu ndizosakwanira kukwaniritsa zosowa za mbewu. Pankhaniyi, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi koyenera. Mwachitsanzo, m'magawo omaliza a kukula kwa thonje, mizu imakalamba pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mphamvu yake yoyamwitsa zakudya imafooka, pamene mabala apakati ndi apamwamba akadali pa chitukuko ndipo amafunikira zakudya zinazake. 1. Kugwiritsa ntchito mwasayansi feteleza kungathandize kuti mayamwidwe ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza ndi thonje, kuwonjezera zakudya, kupewa kukalamba msanga, ndi kupondereza matenda, potero kumawonjezera zokolola ndi ndalama.

2. Feteleza wa masamba ayenera kuikidwa pamene mbewu zikuwonetsa kuchepa kwa michere.

Pa nthawi ya kukula kwa mbeu, ngati feteleza wa nthaka sangathe kukwaniritsa zosowa zake za zakudya, zizindikiro za kuchepa monga kufowoka kwa kukula ndi chikasu zimawonekera. Panthawi imeneyi, feteleza wa foliar amatha kugwira ntchito. Feteleza wa masamba ndi feteleza omwe amawathira m'masamba mwachindunji, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mbewu zizitha kuyamwa michere mwachangu ndikuchepetsa zofooka. Makamaka pazinthu zokhazikika mosavuta ndi dothi, monga phosphorous ndi mkuwa, feteleza wa foliar ndi wothandiza kwambiri ndipo amagwiritsa ntchito kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, masamba akasowa micronutrients, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi foliar kumatha kubwezeretsa kubiriwira kwa masamba ndi kukula kwake.

3. Feteleza wa masamba ayenera kuikidwa pamene kukula kwa mbeu kukukhudzidwa ndi kusakhazikika kwa chilengedwe.

Pakukula kwa mbewu, chinyezi chosayenera, pH, ndi zina zotere, zimatha kulepheretsa kuyamwa kwa mizu. Mbewu zikafunika kuchira mwachangu, feteleza wa masamba amatha kukhala wogwira mtima. Mwachitsanzo, panthawi yokonza mtedza m'nyengo ya mvula, ngati mvula yamkuntho ichititsa kuti madzi asamayende bwino, kuthira feteleza wa masamba panthawi yake kungathandize kuti mbande zimere bwino komanso kuti zokolola zambiri.

4. Gwiritsani ntchito feteleza wa masamba kuti muwonjezere msanga michere ya m'thupi.

Manyowa ena, monga phosphorous, chitsulo, manganese, mkuwa, ndi feteleza wa zinki, amakonzedwa mosavuta ndi ma colloid a m’nthaka akagwiritsidwa ntchito kumizu, kumachepetsa mphamvu yake. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa sikumangotengera nthaka komanso kuli ndi ubwino wake monga kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wochepa, zotsatira zake mwachangu, kagwiritsidwe ntchito kambiri, chitetezo, komanso kusaipitsa.

5. Ikani feteleza wa masamba pamene dothi livuta.

Kwa mbewu yokutidwa ndi filimu ya pulasitiki, m'madera opanda ulimi wothirira, ngati kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza woyambira sikukwanira, kuyika pamwamba ndi feteleza wa nthaka kumakhala kovuta. Zikatero, feteleza wa masamba amafunikira kuti awonjezere zosowa zazakudya. Mbewu zina zozika mizu zimayamwa zakudya zina pang'onopang'ono. Njira zachikhalidwe za umuna nthawi zambiri zimalephera kufika ku mizu, zomwe zimalepheretsa kuyamwa kwa michere ndi kugwira ntchito kwake. Kupopera mbewu kwa foliar, komabe, kumatha kukhala ndi zotsatira zabwino.

Mikhalidwe yomwe sikovomerezeka kuthira feteleza wa masamba:

1. Nthawi yamaluwa: Maluwa ndi osalimba komanso amawonongeka mosavuta ndi feteleza.

2. Panyengo ya kutentha kwambiri ndi kuwala kwa dzuwa, umuna wa masamba ukhoza kuwotcha feteleza mosavuta.

3. Pa nthawi ya mbande, mbeu zikanayamba kuchira, zimakhala zovuta kuti zikhazikitse mizu yatsopano.