Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zowongolera Kukula kwa Zomera Kuti Zithandize Njira Zolima Mtedza Zokolola Zambiri

Mtedza ndi mbewu zapachaka za herbaceous zamtundu wa Arachis wa banja la Fabaceae. Iwo anachokera ku South America. Mayiko opitilira 100 padziko lonse lapansi amalima mtedza, pomwe Asia ndi yomwe ili yofala kwambiri, kutsatiridwa ndi Africa. Gawo lotsatirali, pogwiritsa ntchito chiponde cha m’chilimwe kumpoto kwa China monga chitsanzo, likutchula ntchito yoteteza mbewu ya mtedza pamwezi kuyambira kubzala chisanadze mpaka kukolola.

I. Nthawi Yokonzekera Kufesa

1. Zizindikiro Zoyang'anira Munda: Kusankha Malo, Kuthirira, Kusankha Mbeu, Kusamalira Mbewu

(1) Kusankha Malo

Pewani kubzala mbewu mosalekeza. Pambuyo pokolola mbewu zam'mbuyomu, yesetsani mwachangu kuchotsa ziputu, nthawi zambiri 10-17 cm, phwasula ndi kusalaza nthaka yobzala. Zikamera, kulima mwachangu ndikuthira feteleza wofulumira. Polima mtedza wamitundumitundu m'mitunda ya tirigu, kulima mozama ndi kukhadzula tirigu asanafese, mpaka kupitirira masentimita 26, ndipo ikani feteleza wachilengedwe. Pobzala m'mitunda, kutalika kwake kumakhala 17 cm, kutalika kwa mtunda ndi 33-40 cm, ndipo mzere umodzi umabzalidwa pamzere uliwonse. Bzalani mukangobzala m'mitunda kuti chinyezi chisasokoneze mbande.

(2) Ikani feteleza wokwanira.

Kuchuluka kwa feteleza wapansi wothira mtedza ku mtedza uyenera kuwerengera 70% -80% ya fetereza yonse, makamaka yokhala ndi feteleza wovunda bwino, wophatikizidwa ndi feteleza wachilengedwe monga superphosphate, potaziyamu chloride ndi laimu. Nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu mu feteleza wapansi atha kuyikidwa mu chiyerekezo cha 1:1:2.

(3) Sankhani mbewu mosamala.

Musanafese, sankhani mbewu mosamala, chotsani mbewu zodwala, zowola, ndi zina zotsika mtengo, ndikuziumitsa ndi dzuwa kwa masiku 1-2 padzuwa.

(4) Kupaka njere ndi kukonza mbeu.

Zolinga zazikulu zopewera ndi kuwongolera ndi matenda a mizu ndi tsinde, monga rot rot, rot rot, stem rot, and cyst nematode disease. Samalani kupewa ndi kuwongolera tizirombo tapansi panthaka monga crickets, grubs, ndi wireworms. Kusakaniza kwa fungicides, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, ndi zowongolera zakukula kwa mbewu zitha kugwiritsidwa ntchito pochiza mbewu kapena zokutira mbewu.

2. Kuthetsa udzu ndi mankhwala

Kupopera mankhwala opha udzu asanamenyedwe m'nthaka mutabzala chiponde koma mbande isanatulukire kungathe kuwononga udzu.


II. Kameredwe ka Mbewu ndi Gawo la Mmera

Kameredwe ka mbeu ndi siteji ya kameredwe imatanthauzidwa kuti ndi nthawi yoyambira kubzala mpaka pamene 50% ya mbande imatuluka ndikukula tsamba lenilenilo.

1. Zizindikiro Zoyang'anira Munda

Kulima kumafuna zonse ndi yunifolomu mbande kutuluka kufesa.

2. Njira Zazikulu Zokulilira

Kupatulira nthawi yake kapena kuchotsa mbande mu filimu ya mulch, kuyang'ana mbande ndi kubzalanso, kupewa kuwonongeka kwa chisanu, ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera kukula monga polyphenols, DA-6 amino acid ester, ndi S-inducer pa ekala, malingana ndi nyengo, kuti apititse patsogolo kupsinjika maganizo ndi kulima mbande zolimba.

III. Mmera Gawo

Gawo la mbande limatanthauzidwa ngati nthawi yoyambira kumera mpaka 50% ya zomera zimatsegula maluwa awo oyamba.

1. Zizindikiro Zoyang'anira Munda

Sungani bwino mbande, kulimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu ndi mbande zolimba, limbikitsani kuphukira msanga komanso maluwa ambiri, yesetsani kuti nthambi zowirira ndi kukula kwa internode kuti mukhazikitse maziko a zokolola zambiri.

2. Njira Zazikulu Zokulilira

(1) Feteleza: Mbande zimayamwa nayitrogeni ndi phosphorous pang’ono, koma m’nyengo ya rosette, kukula kwa zomera kumakula mofulumira, pamene zakudya za m’mbewuzo zimachepa kwambiri, ndipo minyewa ya mizu sinapangidwebe. Choncho, kugwiritsa ntchito bwino kwa N ndi P pa nthawi ya mbande kungathandize kuti mizu ikhale ya tinthu tating'onoting'ono, imathandizira kukonza nayitrogeni pogwiritsa ntchito rhizobia, kulimbikitsa kusiyana kwa maluwa, ndi kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa maluwa. Ndibwino kuti panthawiyi, molingana ndi zofunikira za mtedza wa mtedza, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa calcium nitrate ndi potaziyamu dinitrogen phosphate kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, komanso kugwiritsa ntchito chowongolera chimodzi kapena ziwiri monga Sodium Nitrophenolates, DA-6, Brassinolide, Triacontanol, Chlormequat Chloride, ndi Mepiquat chloride kukula ndi chloride kulimbikitsa mizu ndi chlorine. mbande.

(2) Kasamalidwe ka Tizirombo ndi Matenda: Matenda aakulu oyenera kulamuliridwa panthawiyi ndi mawanga a masamba. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pa ekala imodzi ndi mankhwala ophera bowa monga mancozeb kapena mchere wa imazalil manganese, kuphatikizidwa ndi zowongolera monga sodium nitrophenolate, kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kugwira ntchito ndikubwezeretsa nyonga ya mmere. Tizilombo tomwe titha kuwongolera ndi nsabwe za m'masamba, zomwe zimatha kuwongoleredwa popopera mankhwala ndi imidacloprid, acetamiprid, etc.


IV. Maluwa ndi Kupanga Msomali

Duwa la maluwa ndi pegging, lomwe limadziwikanso kuti pegging stage, limachokera kumayambiriro kwa maluwa mpaka 50% ya zomera zimasonyeza zipatso zazing'ono zooneka ngati nkhuku.

1. Zizindikiro Zoyang'anira Munda

Limbikitsani maluwa oyambilira komanso ochuluka, ndicholinga choti nthambi zambiri zikhazikike maziko a zokolola zambiri.

2. Njira Zazikulu Zokulilira

(1) Kusamalira Feteleza: Kuyamwa kwa N, P, ndi K ndi pafupifupi 23-33% ya mayamwidwe onse. Panthawi imeneyi, timadontho ta mizu yambiri timapanga, kupereka mtedza wochuluka wa nayitrogeni. Ndibwino kuti mugwiritse ntchito feteleza wa potaziyamu, calcium, ndi boron pa nthawi ino kuti muwonjezere zosowa za mtedza.

(2) Kasamalidwe ka Tizirombo ndi Matenda: Kasamalidwe ka tizirombo ndi matenda apitilize kuyang’ana pa kupewa matenda a mawanga a masamba, komanso kupewa dzimbiri la mtedza. Kupopera mbewu pa ekala imodzi ndi mchere wa flusilazole kapena imazalil manganese mchere, kuphatikiza kupopera mankhwala a sodium Nitrophenolates kapena DA-6, kenaka kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa masiku 7-10 aliwonse kumabweretsa zotsatira zabwino. Panthawi imodzimodziyo, chifukwa cha kukwera kwa kutentha, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa pofuna kupewa matenda a kachilombo ka chiponde. Kuwongolera nsabwe za m'masamba ndikofunikira pakubzala. Ngati kuwonongeka kwa ma virus kumapezeka, molumikizana ndi kuwongolera nsabwe za m'masamba, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pa ekala imodzi ndi ma antiviral agents monga methylphenidate kumatha kuteteza ndikuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa matenda a virus.

V. Pod Mapangidwe Gawo

Mapangidwe a ma pod amachokera ku maonekedwe a ma poto ang'onoang'ono kufika pa 50% ya zomera zokhala ndi makoko odzaza.

1. Zizindikiro Zoyang'anira Munda

Tetezani kachulukidwe kachulukidwe kuti mupewe malo okhala, kupewa matenda a masamba, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa boron kuti muonjezere kulemera kwa zipatso, komanso kuonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi kukhuta.

2. Njira Zazikulu Zokulilira

(1) Kasamalidwe ka Feteleza: Kuyamwa kwa nayitrojeni ndi phosphorous m’nyengo imeneyi kumapanga pafupifupi 50% ya mayamwidwe onse panthaŵi yonse ya kukula. Kuonetsetsa kuti calcium ikupezeka panthawiyi imatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa kukhuta; kuwonetsetsa kuti phosphorous imapezeka kumapangitsa kuti mafuta ambewu azitha bwino. Foliar kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kashiamu nitrate ndi asidi boric, kuphatikizapo ntchito amino acid esters, akhoza kulimbikitsa mizu ndi zipatso kukula, kuwonjezera masamba photosynthetic dzuwa, ndi pa nthawi yomweyo, m`pofunika kusankha ndi ntchito olamulira monga kashiamu cyclamate ndi paclobutrazol kulamulira kwambiri kukula.

(2) Kasamalidwe ka Tizirombo ndi Matenda: Matenda aakulu amene akuyenera kupewedwa pakagwa makodi ndi mawanga a masamba ndi dzimbiri. Panthawiyi, ndikofunikira kupitiriza kupopera mchere wa flusilazole kapena imazalil manganese pa ekala limodzi ndi feteleza wa foliar. Kuonjezera apo, nthawi yoyika mtedza pambuyo pa chiputu cha tirigu imagwirizana ndi kutentha kwakukulu ndi nyengo yamvula, ndipo kupsa ndi bakiteriya wa mtedza kumatha kuchitika mvula itagwa. Panthawi imeneyi, chisamaliro chiyenera kuperekedwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa streptomycin ndi othandizira ena kuti apewe matenda a bakiteriya. M'madera omwe muli tizilombo towononga kwambiri pansi pa nthaka, 40% phoxim EC kapena 40% methyl isofenphos EC akhoza kusakaniza ndi nthaka yabwino kuti apange dothi lapoizoni pa mu (pafupifupi mahekitala 0.067). Dothi lapoizoni limeneli liyenera kufalikira pansi mofanana musanalime ndi kuikidwa m'nthaka polima. Mapangidwe a Microencapsulated a phoxim kapena methyl isofenphos ndiwothandiza kwambiri.

VI. Chipatso Kukhwima Gawo

Kukhwima kwa zipatso kumatanthauzidwa ngati nthawi yomwe 50% ya zomera imakhala ndi zipatso mpaka pamene nyemba zambiri zakhwima.

1. Zizindikiro Zoyang'anira Munda
Tetezani masamba ogwira ntchito, kuteteza malo ogona, kupewa kukalamba msanga, kupoperani feteleza wa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu kuti mulimbikitse kusamutsidwa kwa michere kuchokera ku tsinde ndi masamba kupita ku makoko, kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa poto, ndikuwonjezera kulemera kwa zipatso.

2. Njira Zazikulu Zokulilira

(1) Kasamalidwe ka Feteleza: Kugwiritsa ntchito madzi ndi zofunikira za feteleza zimachepa m’gawo lachiwiri la kukhwima kwa zipatso. Ngati chilala chikachitika ndipo palibe kuthekera kobwezera, gawo la kukhwima kwa zipatso lifupikitsidwa, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zokolola zichepe. Panthawiyi, chidwi chiyenera kuperekedwa pakuphatikiza kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa phosphorous ndi potaziyamu feteleza ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera monga Sodium Nitrophenolates, DA-6, ndi 6-BA kuti ntchito ya masamba ikhale yabwino, kulimbikitsa kutembenuka kwamafuta kukhala mafuta, komanso kupewa kugwa kwamasamba.

(2) Kasamalidwe ka tizirombo ndi matenda: Nthawi yakukhwima yodzaza mtedza ndi nthawi yomaliza ya kukula kwa mtedza. Panthawi imeneyi, chiwerengero cha masamba banga ndi dzimbiri tizilombo toyambitsa matenda wasonkhanitsa kuti lalikulu mtengo. Oyang'anira akuyenera kuyang'ana kwambiri kuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa spores. Kupopera mchere wa mancozeb kapena imazalil manganese pa mu, kuphatikizidwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera kukula monga Sodium Nitrophenolates kapena DA-6, kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino.

VII. Kukolola ndi kusunga nthawi yake mu zipolopolo

1. Kukolola nthawi yake

(1) Kutengera kukula kwa mbewu;

(2) Kutengera kuchuluka kwa kudzaza kwa pod: 80%;

(3) Kutengera kusintha kwa kutentha kapena zofunikira pakubzala mtedza wotsatira.

2. Kusunga mu zipolopolo

Chinyezi chosungirako chotetezeka cha makoko ndi 10%.