Zowongolera Kukula kwa Zomera Zimawonetsa Kuchita Bwino Kwambiri M'malo Otentha Kwambiri Mchilimwe

Mikhalidwe yoyipa ya m'chilimwe-monga kutentha kwambiri, kuwala kwadzuwa, ndi chilala-nthawi zambiri kumabweretsa kukula kwa vegetative (etiolation) ndi kuwonongeka kwa thupi kwa mbewu. Oyang'anira kukula kwa zomera amathetsa nkhaniyi mwa kuwongolera bwino kwa mahomoni amkati; izi zimathandizira kulekerera kupsinjika, zimachepetsa kukula kwachuma, ndikulimbikitsa kukula kwa uchembere, potero zimakhazikika zokolola ndi zabwino.

1. Kuletsa Kukula Kwambiri ndi Kupewa Kukhumudwa
M'nyengo yotentha kwambiri, m'nyengo yachilimwe, mbewu (monga chimanga, thonje, ndi tirigu) zimakhala zosavuta kutulutsa tsinde, kutambasula kwa internode, ndi chiopsezo chowonjezeka cha malo ogona (kugwa). Kugwiritsa ntchito zolepheretsa kukula-monga Mepiquat chloride, Paclobutrazol (Paclo), kapena Chlormequat chloride-panthawiyi zimalepheretsa kaphatikizidwe ka gibberellin ndikuchepetsa kufalikira kwa maselo. Izi zimafupikitsa ma internodes, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zomera zizikhala zolimba, zolimba kwambiri zokhala ndi mizu yokhazikika bwino, motero zimathandizira kwambiri kukana kwawo pogona.

Mchitidwe Wofunika Kwambiri: Potengera chitsanzo cha thonje, malamulo a mankhwala ayenera kukhazikitsidwa pamene kukula kwatsiku ndi tsiku kwa tsinde lalikulu kupitirira 0.8 cm. Ikani 0.5-2 magalamu a 98% Mepiquat chloride pa *mu* (pafupifupi mahekitala 0.067) madzulo kwambiri kapena masiku a mvula, kuonetsetsa kuti nsonga zakukula ndi masamba anthete ayamba kumera.

2. Kupititsa patsogolo Kulekerera Kutentha Kwambiri ndi Chilala
Kutentha kwambiri komanso chilala kumatha kukulitsa kukula kwa mbewu, kumachepetsa mphamvu ya photosynthetic, ndikupangitsa kukalamba msanga ndi kufota. Kugwiritsa ntchito zowongolera monga Brassinolide ndi Gibberellin kumathandizira kukhazikika kwa ma cell, kulimbikitsa ntchito ya ma enzymes a antioxidant, ndikuchedwetsa kuwonongeka kwa ma chloroplast, potero kumakulitsa kulekerera kwa mbewu ku kutentha ndi chilala.

Njira yovomerezeka:Kupopera mankhwala 0.01–0.1 mg/L Brassinolide kutentha kusanayambike kungathandize kwambiri kupirira kutentha kwa mbewu monga nkhaka. Kwa mbewu zomwe zakhudzidwa ndi chilala, chisakanizo chochepa cha Gibberellin ndi Brassinolide chingagwiritsidwe ntchito kudzera mthirira wothirira kuti athandizire kubwezeretsanso ntchito zathupi ndikuletsa kufa kwa mbewu.

3. Kulimbikitsa Kusintha kwa Zakudya ndi Kukula kwa Ubereki
Chilimwe ndi nthawi yovuta kwambiri yodzaza mbewu ndi kuyika zipatso mu mbewu zambiri. Pogwiritsa ntchito njira ya "Triple Protection Spray" - kuphatikiza mankhwala ophera tizirombo, fungicides, ndi zowongolera zakukula kwa mbewu - alimi amatha kulimbikitsa kudzala kwambewu mumbewu monga tirigu, potero kumapangitsa kuti mbewuyo ikhale yabwino. Zophatikiza Zofanana:
Brassinolide + Monopotassium Phosphate: Imakulitsa luso la photosynthetic ndikulimbikitsa kusamutsa kwa michere kupita ku chipatso.

Feteleza wa Gibberellin + Foliar: Amalimbikitsa kakhazikitsidwe ka zipatso ndi kukulitsa, komanso kumapangitsa kuti msika ukhale wabwino.