Tsoelo-pele ea 'mala oa litholoana e ka ntlafatsoa joang?

Nakong ea phetoho ea 'mala oa litholoana, butle-butle chlorophyll e senyeha ebe e nyamela tlas'a ketso ea hydrolases; maemo a carotenoid a eketseha hanyenyane, ha li-anthocyanins li hlahisoa ka bongata 'me li bokellana ka ho tsoelang pele.

Ha tholoana e butsoa, ​​'mala oa eona oa fatše o khethoa haholo ke carotenoids (hammoho le chlorophyll e setseng, e sa senyehang ka ho feletseng), ha li-anthocyanins li khetholla 'mala oa bokaholimo. Ka hona, senotlolo sa ho ntlafatsa mebala ea litholoana ke ho matlafatsa pokello ea carotenoids le anthocyanins.

I. Ho bokellana ha carotenoid ho ka eketsoa joang?

Li-carotenoids ke li-pigment tsa photosynthetic tse fumanoang li-chloroplasts (litho tsa semela tsa photosynthetic). Ho eketsa litaba tsa chloroplast le ho matlafatsa ts'ebetso ea photosynthetic ea makhasi le litholoana tse nyane ho ka eketsa maemo a carotenoid tholwaneng e ntseng e hola.

II. Tlhahiso ea anthocyanin e ka khothaletsoa joang?

Li-anthocyanins ke li-pigment tse qhibilihang ka metsing. Tšimoloho ea bona e qala hang ha tsoekere e bokellana ka har'a tholoana e fihla moeling oa bohlokoa, e tsamaeang le tlhahiso ea li-hormone tse sa tloaelehang-haholo-holo abscisic acid le ethylene. Ntle le moo, ho pepeseha ha leseli le ho leka-lekana ha likarolo tsa liminerale tsa intracellular ke lintlha tsa bohlokoa tse susumetsang tlhahiso ea anthocyanin.

III. Ke mehato efe e ka nkoang ho ntšetsa pele mebala ea litholoana?

1. Ntlafatsa maemo a khanya

Tekanyo e leka-lekaneng ea ho lema: Boloka sebaka se loketseng pakeng tsa limela le mela ho eketsa sebaka sa makhasi se pepesehileng khanya;

Ho faola limela ka nepo: Theha moralo o bulehileng oa makala a scaffold ho ntlafatsa ho kenella ha leseli ka har'a canopy;

Ho tlosoa ha makhasi, ho fetoha ha litholoana, le ho kopanya mulching: Eketsa leseli le fihlang litholoana le meroho ho khothaletsa mebala.

2. Ho leka-lekanya phepo e nepahetseng

Ntlafatso e nepahetseng: Kenya monontsha ka mahlale ho netefatsa phepo e nepahetseng. Sena se matlafatsa matla a semela, se ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea photosynthetic, 'me se khothaletsa ho bokella tsoekere, ka hona se kopana le maemo a hlokahalang bakeng sa motsoako oa anthocyanin. Ka kakaretso, maemo a tlase a naetrojene le phosphorus a kopantsoe le maemo a phahameng a potasiamo a rata 'mala; Ho feta moo, tlatsetso ea foliar ka calcium, magnesium, le likarolo tse sa tloaelehang tsa lefats'e li ka ntlafatsa nts'etsopele ea mebala. Phepo e Tlatselletsang: Lisebelisoa tsa foliar tsa sucrose, glucose, kapa galactose li ka khothalletsa mebala ea litholoana. Ho feta moo, li-sprays tsa foliar tse nang le lintho tse kang chitin, chitosan, chitooligosaccharides, anthocyanins, carotenoids, libaktheria tsa photosynthetic, methyl jasmonate, glutamic acid, molybdenum-amino acid complexes, kapa tryptophan e ka susumetsa sebopeho sa anthocyanin le ho thusa ho hlahisa litholoana.

3. Taolo ka Balaoli ba Khōlo ea Limela

Litaolo tse sebelisoang ka tloaelo bakeng sa ho khothaletsa mebala ea litholoana le ho butsoa li kenyelletsa abscisic acid (ABA), 6-BA, le ethephon, 'me ethephon ke eona e sebelisoang khafetsa.