Itekhnoloji yokutshiza ngesichumiso seFoliar kunye nemiba efuna ukuqwalaselwa
1. Ukutshizwa kwesichumisi se-Foliar kwimifuno kufuneka kuhluke ngokwemifuno
⑴ Imifuno enamagqabi.
Umzekelo, ikhaphetshu, isipinatshi, isikhwama somalusi, njl.njl zifuna initrogen engaphezulu. Ukutshiza isichumiso kufuneka ikakhulu urea kunye ammonium sulfate. Ukugxininiswa kokutshiza kwe-urea kufuneka kube yi-1 ~ 2%, kunye ne-ammonium sulfate kufuneka ibe yi-1.5%. Tfutha amaxesha angama-2-4 ngexesha lonyaka, ngokukodwa kwinqanaba lokukhula kwasekuqaleni.
⑵ Ivatala kunye nemifuno yeziqhamo.
Umzekelo, iipepile, ii-eggplants, iitumato, iimbotyi kunye neemelon ezahlukeneyo zinemfuno elungeleleneyo yenitrogen, iphosphorus kunye nepotassium. Kufuneka kusetyenziswe isisombululo esixubeneyo senitrogen, phosphorus kunye ne potassium okanye isichumiso esixutywe nesonka. Tfutha i-1 ~ 2% ye-urea kunye ne-0.3 ~ 0.4% yesisombululo esixutywe se-potassium dihydrogen phosphate okanye isisombululo se-compound ye-compound ye-fertilizer.
Ngokubanzi, fafaza amaxesha angama-1 ~ 2 kwizigaba zokuqala kunye nasemva kwexesha lokukhula. Ukutshiza xa sele kusemva kwexesha kunokuthintela ukwaluphala kwangaphambi kwexesha, ukomeleza amandla, kwaye kunesiphumo esihle sokwandisa isivuno.
⑶ Iingcambu kunye nemifuno.
Ngokomzekelo, igalikhi, itswele, iradish, iitapile kunye nezinye izityalo zidinga i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium eninzi. Isichumiso samagqabi sinokukhethwa kwisisombululo se-0.3% se-potassium dihydrogen phosphate kunye ne-10% yesicatshulwa sothuthu lomthi. Ngokubanzi, fafaza ka-3 ukuya ku-4 ngexesha lonyaka ngeziphumo ezingcono.
2. Amaxesha apho kufuneka isichumiso samagqabi:
① Xa udibana nezitshabalalisi kunye nezifo, ukusebenzisa isichumisi se-foliar kuluncedo ekuphuculeni ukuxhathisa kwezifo;
② Xa umhlaba uneasidi, ialkaline okanye ityuwa iphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo engayi kukwazi ukufunxa isityalo sezondlo;
③ ixesha lokuthwala iziqhamo;
④ Emva kokuba isityalo sidibana nomonakalo womoya, umonakalo wobushushu okanye umonakalo weqabaka, ukukhetha ixesha elifanelekileyo lokusebenzisa isichumisi se-foliar kunenzuzo ukuthomalalisa iimpawu.
3. Amaxesha apho kungcono ukuba ungasebenzisi isichumiso samagqabi:
① Ixesha leentyatyambo; iintyatyambo zibuthathaka kwaye zichaphazeleka kumonakalo wezichumisi;
② Inqanaba lezithole;
③ Ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nexesha lokukhanya okunamandla emini.
4. Kufuneka kujoliswe kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zokhetho
Okwangoku, zininzi iintlobo zezichumiso ezithengiswa kwimarike, ngakumbi kubandakanya i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, izakhi ze-potassium, i-trace elements, i-amino acids, i-humic acid, izilawuli zokukhula kunye nezinye iintlobo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba: xa isichumisi esisisiseko singonelanga, izichumisi ze-foliar eziqukethe i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium zingasetyenziswa; xa isichumiso sesiseko sanele, izichumisi zamagqabi eziqulathe izinto zokulandelela zingasetyenziswa.
5. Ukunyibilika kwezichumiso zamagqabi kufuneka kube kuhle kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwakamsinya nje zilungiswa
Njengoko izichumisi zamagqabi zilungiswa ngokuthe ngqo ukuba zibe zizisombululo zokutshiza, izichumisi zamagqabi kufuneka zinyibilike emanzini. Kungenjalo, izinto ezinganyibilikiyo kwizichumisi zamagqabi aziyi kuxutywa kuphela emva kokutshizwa phezu kwezityalo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zide zibangele umonakalo emagqabini.
Iimpawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zezichumisi ziqinisekisa ukuba ezinye izondlo kulula ukubola, ngoko ezinye izichumisi ezinamahlamvu kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza xa zilungiswa kwaye azikwazi ukugcinwa ixesha elide.
6. Ubumuncu bezichumiso zamagqabi kufuneka bufaneleke
Izondlo zineendawo ezahlukeneyo zobukho phantsi kwamaxabiso ahlukeneyo e-pH. Ukwandisa inzuzo yezichumisi, kufuneka kubekho uluhlu olufanelekileyo lwe-asidi, ngokubanzi ludinga ixabiso le-pH ye-5-8. Ukuba ixabiso le-pH liphezulu kakhulu okanye liphantsi kakhulu, ngaphezu kokuchaphazela ukufunxa izondlo, kuya kulimaza izityalo.
7. Uxinzelelo lwesichumiso samagqabi kufuneka lufaneleke
Kuba isichumiso samagqabi sitshizwa ngokuthe ngqo kumagqabi enxalenye yezityalo engaphezulu komhlaba, ifuthe lezityalo kwizichumisi lincinci kakhulu.
Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukulawula ingxinano yokutshiza ngesichumiso se-foliar. Ukuba ugxininiso luphantsi kakhulu, inani lezondlo ezivezwe kwizityalo zincinci, kwaye umphumo awubonakali; ukuba ugxininiso luphezulu kakhulu, luya kutshisa amagqabi kwaye lubangele umonakalo wesichumiso.
Kwa esona sichumiso samagqabi sinemigxina eyahlukeneyo yokutshiza kwizityalo ezohlukeneyo, ekufuneka igqitywe ngokohlobo lwesityalo.
8. Ixesha lokutshiza ngesichumiso samagqabi kufuneka libe lifanelekileyo
Isiphumo sokufakwa kwesichumiso samagqabi sinxulumene ngqo namaqondo obushushu, ukufuma, amandla omoya, njl.njl. Kungcono ukhethe imini engenamoya nenamafu okanye usuku olunomswakama ophezulu kunye nomphunga ophantsi phambi kwe-9am yokutshiza ngamahlamvu. Kungcono ukutshiza emva kwentsimbi yesine malanga. Ukuba kunetha kwiiyure ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 emva kokutshiza, kuyimfuneko ukutshiza kwakhona.
9. Khetha indawo efanelekileyo yokutshiza
Amagqabi kunye neziqu zeendawo eziphezulu, eziphakathi kunye nezisezantsi zesityalo zinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ye-metabolic, kwaye ukukwazi kwabo ukufunxa izondlo ezivela kwihlabathi langaphandle kuyahluka kakhulu. Kuyimfuneko ukukhetha indawo efanelekileyo yokutshiza.
10. Ukutshiza ngexesha elibalulekileyo lokukhula kwesityalo
Izityalo zifunxa kwaye zisebenzise izichumisi ngokwahlukileyo kumanqanaba okukhula ahlukeneyo. Ukuze kwandiswe izibonelelo zezichumiso ze-foliar, elona xesha libalulekileyo lokutshiza izichumisi kufuneka likhethwe ngokweemeko zokukhula kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo ukufikelela esona siphumo silungileyo.
Umzekelo, amandla okufunxa iingcambu zezityalo zegramineous ezifana nengqolowa kunye nerayisi ziba buthathaka ngexesha lokukhula kade. Ukuchunyiswa kwamagqabi kunokongeza isondlo kwaye kwandise inani kunye nobunzima beenkozo; ukutshiza ngexesha lokuqhama kwevatala kunokunciphisa intyatyambo kunye nokuwa kweziqhamo kwaye kunyuse izinga lokuqhama kwevatala.
11. izongezo
Xa utshiza isisombululo se-fertilizer emagqabini, yongeza izongezo ezifanelekileyo zokwandisa ukunamathela kwesisombululo sesichumisi kumagqabi ezityalo kunye nokukhuthaza ukuxutywa kwesichumisi.
12. Dibanisa nokuchumisa umhlaba
Ngenxa yokuba iingcambu zinenkqubo yokufunxa enkudlwana nepheleleyo kunamagqabi, kufumaniseke ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-10 yokuchumisa yamagqabi iyafuneka ukuze kuzuzwe isixa esipheleleyo sezondlo ezifunxwa ziingcambu ukuze kufumaneke izixa ezikhulu zezondlo ezifana nenitrogen, iphosphorus, kunye nepotassium. . Ke ngoko, ukuchumisa kwamagqabi akunako ngokupheleleyo ukuthatha indawo yokuchumisa kweengcambu zezityalo kwaye kufuneka kudityaniswe nokuchumisa kweengcambu.
Umthamo wesichumiso esifakwe emagqabini sincinci, umphumo uyakhawuleza kwaye ucacile, kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa kwesichumisi liyaphuculwa. Yindlela eyongayo nesebenzayo yokuchumisa, ngakumbi ukufakwa kwamagqabi kwezinye izinto zomkhondo zodwa ngakumbi.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kwakhona sibone ukuba ukuchumisa amagqabi kuyingxaki ngakumbi kwaye kufuna umsebenzi onzima. Ikwachatshazelwa lula ziimeko zemozulu. Ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo kunye namaxesha okukhula, iziphumo zokuchumisa kwamagqabi ziyohluka kakhulu.
Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo itekhnoloji yochumiso lwe-foliar ngokwesiseko sokuchumisa iingcambu ukunika umdlalo opheleleyo kwindima yesichumisi se-foliar ekwandiseni imveliso kunye nengeniso.
⑴ Imifuno enamagqabi.
Umzekelo, ikhaphetshu, isipinatshi, isikhwama somalusi, njl.njl zifuna initrogen engaphezulu. Ukutshiza isichumiso kufuneka ikakhulu urea kunye ammonium sulfate. Ukugxininiswa kokutshiza kwe-urea kufuneka kube yi-1 ~ 2%, kunye ne-ammonium sulfate kufuneka ibe yi-1.5%. Tfutha amaxesha angama-2-4 ngexesha lonyaka, ngokukodwa kwinqanaba lokukhula kwasekuqaleni.
⑵ Ivatala kunye nemifuno yeziqhamo.
Umzekelo, iipepile, ii-eggplants, iitumato, iimbotyi kunye neemelon ezahlukeneyo zinemfuno elungeleleneyo yenitrogen, iphosphorus kunye nepotassium. Kufuneka kusetyenziswe isisombululo esixubeneyo senitrogen, phosphorus kunye ne potassium okanye isichumiso esixutywe nesonka. Tfutha i-1 ~ 2% ye-urea kunye ne-0.3 ~ 0.4% yesisombululo esixutywe se-potassium dihydrogen phosphate okanye isisombululo se-compound ye-compound ye-fertilizer.
Ngokubanzi, fafaza amaxesha angama-1 ~ 2 kwizigaba zokuqala kunye nasemva kwexesha lokukhula. Ukutshiza xa sele kusemva kwexesha kunokuthintela ukwaluphala kwangaphambi kwexesha, ukomeleza amandla, kwaye kunesiphumo esihle sokwandisa isivuno.
⑶ Iingcambu kunye nemifuno.
Ngokomzekelo, igalikhi, itswele, iradish, iitapile kunye nezinye izityalo zidinga i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium eninzi. Isichumiso samagqabi sinokukhethwa kwisisombululo se-0.3% se-potassium dihydrogen phosphate kunye ne-10% yesicatshulwa sothuthu lomthi. Ngokubanzi, fafaza ka-3 ukuya ku-4 ngexesha lonyaka ngeziphumo ezingcono.
2. Amaxesha apho kufuneka isichumiso samagqabi:
① Xa udibana nezitshabalalisi kunye nezifo, ukusebenzisa isichumisi se-foliar kuluncedo ekuphuculeni ukuxhathisa kwezifo;
② Xa umhlaba uneasidi, ialkaline okanye ityuwa iphezulu kakhulu, nto leyo engayi kukwazi ukufunxa isityalo sezondlo;
③ ixesha lokuthwala iziqhamo;
④ Emva kokuba isityalo sidibana nomonakalo womoya, umonakalo wobushushu okanye umonakalo weqabaka, ukukhetha ixesha elifanelekileyo lokusebenzisa isichumisi se-foliar kunenzuzo ukuthomalalisa iimpawu.
3. Amaxesha apho kungcono ukuba ungasebenzisi isichumiso samagqabi:
① Ixesha leentyatyambo; iintyatyambo zibuthathaka kwaye zichaphazeleka kumonakalo wezichumisi;
② Inqanaba lezithole;
③ Ubushushu obuphezulu kunye nexesha lokukhanya okunamandla emini.
4. Kufuneka kujoliswe kwiintlobo ngeentlobo zokhetho
Okwangoku, zininzi iintlobo zezichumiso ezithengiswa kwimarike, ngakumbi kubandakanya i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus, izakhi ze-potassium, i-trace elements, i-amino acids, i-humic acid, izilawuli zokukhula kunye nezinye iintlobo.
Ngokuqhelekileyo kukholelwa ukuba: xa isichumisi esisisiseko singonelanga, izichumisi ze-foliar eziqukethe i-nitrogen, i-phosphorus kunye ne-potassium zingasetyenziswa; xa isichumiso sesiseko sanele, izichumisi zamagqabi eziqulathe izinto zokulandelela zingasetyenziswa.
5. Ukunyibilika kwezichumiso zamagqabi kufuneka kube kuhle kwaye kufuneka zisetyenziswe kwakamsinya nje zilungiswa
Njengoko izichumisi zamagqabi zilungiswa ngokuthe ngqo ukuba zibe zizisombululo zokutshiza, izichumisi zamagqabi kufuneka zinyibilike emanzini. Kungenjalo, izinto ezinganyibilikiyo kwizichumisi zamagqabi aziyi kuxutywa kuphela emva kokutshizwa phezu kwezityalo, kodwa ngamanye amaxesha zide zibangele umonakalo emagqabini.
Iimpawu zomzimba kunye neekhemikhali zezichumisi ziqinisekisa ukuba ezinye izondlo kulula ukubola, ngoko ezinye izichumisi ezinamahlamvu kufuneka zisetyenziswe ngokukhawuleza xa zilungiswa kwaye azikwazi ukugcinwa ixesha elide.
6. Ubumuncu bezichumiso zamagqabi kufuneka bufaneleke
Izondlo zineendawo ezahlukeneyo zobukho phantsi kwamaxabiso ahlukeneyo e-pH. Ukwandisa inzuzo yezichumisi, kufuneka kubekho uluhlu olufanelekileyo lwe-asidi, ngokubanzi ludinga ixabiso le-pH ye-5-8. Ukuba ixabiso le-pH liphezulu kakhulu okanye liphantsi kakhulu, ngaphezu kokuchaphazela ukufunxa izondlo, kuya kulimaza izityalo.
7. Uxinzelelo lwesichumiso samagqabi kufuneka lufaneleke
Kuba isichumiso samagqabi sitshizwa ngokuthe ngqo kumagqabi enxalenye yezityalo engaphezulu komhlaba, ifuthe lezityalo kwizichumisi lincinci kakhulu.
Ngoko ke, kubalulekile ukulawula ingxinano yokutshiza ngesichumiso se-foliar. Ukuba ugxininiso luphantsi kakhulu, inani lezondlo ezivezwe kwizityalo zincinci, kwaye umphumo awubonakali; ukuba ugxininiso luphezulu kakhulu, luya kutshisa amagqabi kwaye lubangele umonakalo wesichumiso.
Kwa esona sichumiso samagqabi sinemigxina eyahlukeneyo yokutshiza kwizityalo ezohlukeneyo, ekufuneka igqitywe ngokohlobo lwesityalo.
8. Ixesha lokutshiza ngesichumiso samagqabi kufuneka libe lifanelekileyo
Isiphumo sokufakwa kwesichumiso samagqabi sinxulumene ngqo namaqondo obushushu, ukufuma, amandla omoya, njl.njl. Kungcono ukhethe imini engenamoya nenamafu okanye usuku olunomswakama ophezulu kunye nomphunga ophantsi phambi kwe-9am yokutshiza ngamahlamvu. Kungcono ukutshiza emva kwentsimbi yesine malanga. Ukuba kunetha kwiiyure ezi-3 ukuya kwezi-4 emva kokutshiza, kuyimfuneko ukutshiza kwakhona.
9. Khetha indawo efanelekileyo yokutshiza
Amagqabi kunye neziqu zeendawo eziphezulu, eziphakathi kunye nezisezantsi zesityalo zinemisebenzi eyahlukeneyo ye-metabolic, kwaye ukukwazi kwabo ukufunxa izondlo ezivela kwihlabathi langaphandle kuyahluka kakhulu. Kuyimfuneko ukukhetha indawo efanelekileyo yokutshiza.
10. Ukutshiza ngexesha elibalulekileyo lokukhula kwesityalo
Izityalo zifunxa kwaye zisebenzise izichumisi ngokwahlukileyo kumanqanaba okukhula ahlukeneyo. Ukuze kwandiswe izibonelelo zezichumiso ze-foliar, elona xesha libalulekileyo lokutshiza izichumisi kufuneka likhethwe ngokweemeko zokukhula kwezityalo ezahlukeneyo ukufikelela esona siphumo silungileyo.
Umzekelo, amandla okufunxa iingcambu zezityalo zegramineous ezifana nengqolowa kunye nerayisi ziba buthathaka ngexesha lokukhula kade. Ukuchunyiswa kwamagqabi kunokongeza isondlo kwaye kwandise inani kunye nobunzima beenkozo; ukutshiza ngexesha lokuqhama kwevatala kunokunciphisa intyatyambo kunye nokuwa kweziqhamo kwaye kunyuse izinga lokuqhama kwevatala.
11. izongezo
Xa utshiza isisombululo se-fertilizer emagqabini, yongeza izongezo ezifanelekileyo zokwandisa ukunamathela kwesisombululo sesichumisi kumagqabi ezityalo kunye nokukhuthaza ukuxutywa kwesichumisi.
12. Dibanisa nokuchumisa umhlaba
Ngenxa yokuba iingcambu zinenkqubo yokufunxa enkudlwana nepheleleyo kunamagqabi, kufumaniseke ukuba ngaphezulu kwe-10 yokuchumisa yamagqabi iyafuneka ukuze kuzuzwe isixa esipheleleyo sezondlo ezifunxwa ziingcambu ukuze kufumaneke izixa ezikhulu zezondlo ezifana nenitrogen, iphosphorus, kunye nepotassium. . Ke ngoko, ukuchumisa kwamagqabi akunako ngokupheleleyo ukuthatha indawo yokuchumisa kweengcambu zezityalo kwaye kufuneka kudityaniswe nokuchumisa kweengcambu.
Umthamo wesichumiso esifakwe emagqabini sincinci, umphumo uyakhawuleza kwaye ucacile, kwaye izinga lokusetyenziswa kwesichumisi liyaphuculwa. Yindlela eyongayo nesebenzayo yokuchumisa, ngakumbi ukufakwa kwamagqabi kwezinye izinto zomkhondo zodwa ngakumbi.
Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kwakhona sibone ukuba ukuchumisa amagqabi kuyingxaki ngakumbi kwaye kufuna umsebenzi onzima. Ikwachatshazelwa lula ziimeko zemozulu. Ngenxa yeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezityalo kunye namaxesha okukhula, iziphumo zokuchumisa kwamagqabi ziyohluka kakhulu.
Ke ngoko, kuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa ngokuchanekileyo itekhnoloji yochumiso lwe-foliar ngokwesiseko sokuchumisa iingcambu ukunika umdlalo opheleleyo kwindima yesichumisi se-foliar ekwandiseni imveliso kunye nengeniso.
