Imisebenzi yeBrassinolide (BR)
I-Brassinolide (BR) luluhlu olubanzi nolusebenzayo lokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo. Ifunyenwe ngoososayensi bezolimo baseMelika ngo-1970 kwaye ibizwa ngokuba yibrassinolide, ibrassinolide ibizwa ngokuba luhlobo lwesithandathu lwehomoni yezityalo ngenxa yedosi encinci kunye neziphumo ezisebenzayo.
Yintoni eyenziwa yiBrassinolide (BR)?
I-Brassinolide (BR) yahlukile kwezinye izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo kwindlela yayo enye ekujoliswe kuyo ekukhuthazeni isivuno sesityalo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho. Ngokomzekelo, ayinayo kuphela imisebenzi ye-physiological ye-auxin kunye ne-cytokinin, kodwa inamandla okwandisa i-photosynthesis kunye nokulawula ukuhanjiswa kwezondlo, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthwa kwe-carbohydrates ukusuka kwiziqu kunye namagqabi ukuya kwiinkozo, ukuphucula ukuchasana kwesityalo kwizinto ezimbi zangaphandle, kwaye khuthaza ukukhula kweendawo ezibuthathaka zesityalo. Ke ngoko, inokusebenziseka okubanzi kakhulu kunye nokusebenziseka.
1. Ukwenza isweete kunye nemibala
Ukusebenzisa i-Brassinolide (BR) kunokwenza iswekile ibe mnandi kwaye inyuse umyinge wamagqabi ecuba aphakathi kunye naphezulu. Ukuyisebenzisa kwi-citrus kunokuphucula iziphene ezifana nolusu oluqinileyo, iziqhamo ezibomvu, iziqhamo ezigoso, kunye ne-lignification ebangelwa ukutshiza i-gibberellins. I-Lychees, i-melon, njl. Isetyenziswe kwiimbotyi, inokwenza i-uniform yeziqhamo, iphucule imbonakalo, inyuse ixabiso lokuthengisa kunye nokunyusa ingeniso.
2. Libazise ukuvela kwegqabi
Igcina iluhlaza ixesha elide, iqinisa i-chlorophyll synthesis, iphucula i-photosynthesis, kwaye ikhuthaza umbala wamagqabi ukuba unzulu kwaye ujike ube luhlaza.
3. Khuthaza iintyatyambo kwaye ugcine iziqhamo
Isetyenziswa ngexesha leentyatyambo kunye nenqanaba leziqhamo ezincinci, inokukhuthaza iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo kwaye ithintele ukuwa kweziqhamo.
4. Ukukhuthaza ukwahlukana kweeseli kunye nokwandiswa kweziqhamo
Ngokucacileyo inokukhuthaza ukwahlukana kweeseli kwaye ikhuthaze ukukhula okuthe tyaba kunye nokuthe nkqo kwamalungu, ngaloo ndlela ikhulisa isiqhamo.
5. Yandisa imveliso
Ukuqhawula i-advanteji ephezulu kunye nokukhuthaza ukuhluma kwe-lateral buds kunokungena ngokuhlukana kwee-buds, ukukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwamasebe asecaleni, ukwandisa inani lamasebe, ukwandisa inani leentyatyambo, ukuphucula ukuchumisa kwe-pollen, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa inani leziqhamo kunye nokwandisa imveliso. .
6. Ukuphucula urhwebo lwezityalo
Ikhuthaza i-parthenocarpy, ikhusela intyatyambo kunye nokuwa kweziqhamo, ikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kweprotheyini, inyusa umxholo weswekile, iphucula umgangatho wezityalo, kwaye iphucula ukuthengiseka.
7. Ukulawula kunye nokulinganisela isondlo
I-Brassinolide (BR) ayisosichumisi samagqabi kwaye ayinaso isondlo, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa okuxutyiweyo kwesichumiso esine-foliar kunye ne-brassinolide kusebenza ngokukodwa. Isichumisi se-Foliar sinokongeza izondlo zezityalo, kodwa asinakho ukukwazi ukulinganisa kunye nokulawula ukuthuthwa kwezondlo; I-Brassinolide (BR) inokuthutha izondlo ngendlela elungeleleneyo, ivumela ukuhanjiswa kwesondlo, ukuze zombini ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nokuzala kwezityalo kunokufumana izondlo ezifanelekileyo.
8. Sterilize kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ngokukhawuleza ukubuyisela ukukhula
Imichiza yokungunda inokucinezela izifo kuphela kodwa ibe nefuthe elincinane ekubuyiseleni ukukhula kwesityalo. I-Brassinolide inokulinganisa ukuthuthwa kwezondlo, ikhuthaze ukufunxa kweengcambu, kwaye ikhuthaze i-photosynthesis. Ngoko ke, xa i-fungicides ixutywe kunye ne-brassinoids, iinzuzo zabo ziyahambelana. I-Brassinolide (BR) inceda kunyango lwezifo kwaye inefuthe elihle ekubuyiseni nasekukhuleni kwesityalo.
9. Ukumelana nokubanda, ukumelana neqabaka, ukumelana nembalela kunye nokumelana nezifo
Emva kokuba i-Brassinolide (BR) ingena kwisityalo, ayigcini nje ukwandisa i-photosynthesis kwaye ikhuthaze ukukhula kunye nophuhliso, kodwa inefuthe elikhethekileyo lokukhusela kwi-system cell membrane yezityalo ukuxhathisa umonakalo wokubuyisela umva. Kwakhona kunokuvuselela umsebenzi wee-enzyme ezikhuselayo kwisityalo, ukunciphisa kakhulu izinto ezinobungozi. Umonakalo ekukhuleni okuqhelekileyo kwezityalo kunye nokuphucula ngokubanzi ukuxhathisa uxinzelelo lwezityalo.
Kwenziwa amalingo erayisi, iikomkomere, iitumato, icuba, njalo njalo, kwaye iziphumo zezi:
1) Ubushushu obuphantsi:
Ukutshiza iBrassinolide (BR) kunokunyusa izinga lokubeka imbewu kwiintlobo zerayisi nge 40.1% phantsi kobushushu obuphantsi. Umsebenzi wayo we-physiological wokuphucula ukunyamezela okubandayo kwerayisi kubonakala kakhulu ekuphuculeni i-metabolism ye-physiological yerayisi kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula nokuphuhliswa kwamalungu erayisi. Izityalo eziphathwe nge-Brassinolide (BR) ziye zaphucula kakhulu izikhombisi ze-physiological zokuchasana nokubanda phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo lwe-1 ukuya kwi-5 ° C.
2) Ubushushu obuphezulu:
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Brassinolide (BR) kunokwandisa kakhulu i-chlorophyll yeqabunga kunye nomxholo weprotheni, i-superoxide dismutase (SOD) kunye ne-peroxidase (POD) imisebenzi yeentlobo zerayisi ezinobushushu.
3) Ityuwa-alkali:
Imbewu enyangwa ngeBrassinolide (BR) isenokugcina izinga eliphezulu lokuntshula kwindawo eyi-150 mmol NaCl. Emva kokuba izityalo zebhali eziphathwe ngeBrassinolide (BR) zifakwe kwi-500 mmol NaCl kwiiyure ezingama-24, uvavanyo lwe-ultramicroscopic lubonise ukuba ukwakheka kwamagqabi ebhali kwakukhuselwe.
4) Imbalela:
Izityalo ezifana neswekile beet ephathwa ngeBrassinolide (BR) zikhula ngcono kuneqela lolawulo kwindawo yembalela.
5) Ukunganyangeki kwezifo:
I-Brassinolide (BR) inokunciphisa umonakalo owenziwe zizifo ezithile zezityalo, ezifana ne-rice sheath blight, cucumber grey mold kunye ne-tomato blight kade. Ngokubhekiselele kwicuba, ayikhuthazi nje ukukhula kwecuba, kodwa inefuthe lokulawula i-70% kwisifo se-mosaic yecuba. Yiarhente efanelekileyo yokuthintela kunye nokunyanga isifo se-mosaic yecuba. Ukumelana nezifo kwezityalo kulawulwa yimfuza yesityalo ngokwaso. Nangona kunjalo, i-Brassinolide (BR) ester inokulawula ngokubanzi iinkqubo ze-physiological kunye ne-biochemical yesityalo, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa isifo. Kwangaxeshanye, njengehomoni yesityalo, iBrassinolide (BR) inokubangela ukuxhathisa okuthile. Ukubonakaliswa kwemfuza yesifo kwandisa ukuxhathisa izifo zezityalo.
10. Khuthaza ukukhula kwezithole
Xa isetyenziswa njengonyango lwembewu okanye itshizwe kwinqanaba lezithole, iBrassinolide (BR) idlala indima ekukhuthazeni ukumila kweengcambu.
11. Isiphumo sokwandisa isivuno
Idatha yovavanyo lwezenzululwazi ibonisa ukuba emva kokusebenzisa i-brassinolides, imveliso yerayisi inokunyuka nge-5.3% ~ 12.6%, imveliso yengqolowa inokunyuswa nge-6.3% ~ 20.2%, imveliso ye-melon kunye nemifuno inokunyuka nge-12.6% ~ 38.8%, imveliso ye-peanut inokongezwa. inyuke nge-10.4% ~ 32.6%, kwaye imveliso yommoba inokunyuka nge-9.5% ~ 18.9% (umthamo weswekile unyuka nge-0.5% ~ 1%).
12. Ukunciphisa ingozi yeziyobisi
Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula, ukusetyenziswa ngendlela engeyiyo kwezibulali-zinambuzane zokungunda, okanye umlinganiselo woxinaniso ongafanelekanga unokubangela lula i-phytotoxicity. Ukusetyenziswa kwangethuba kweBrassinolide (BR) kunye nesichumiso esikumgangatho ophezulu samagqabi kunokulawula ukuthuthwa kwezondlo, ukongezelela isondlo, kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo kwizityalo obangelwa kukusetyenziswa kakubi komonakalo wamayeza, ukukhawulezisa ukubuyiswa kwesityalo kunye nokukhula.
Yintoni eyenziwa yiBrassinolide (BR)?
I-Brassinolide (BR) yahlukile kwezinye izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo kwindlela yayo enye ekujoliswe kuyo ekukhuthazeni isivuno sesityalo kunye nokuphucula umgangatho. Ngokomzekelo, ayinayo kuphela imisebenzi ye-physiological ye-auxin kunye ne-cytokinin, kodwa inamandla okwandisa i-photosynthesis kunye nokulawula ukuhanjiswa kwezondlo, ukukhuthaza ukuthuthwa kwe-carbohydrates ukusuka kwiziqu kunye namagqabi ukuya kwiinkozo, ukuphucula ukuchasana kwesityalo kwizinto ezimbi zangaphandle, kwaye khuthaza ukukhula kweendawo ezibuthathaka zesityalo. Ke ngoko, inokusebenziseka okubanzi kakhulu kunye nokusebenziseka.
1. Ukwenza isweete kunye nemibala
Ukusebenzisa i-Brassinolide (BR) kunokwenza iswekile ibe mnandi kwaye inyuse umyinge wamagqabi ecuba aphakathi kunye naphezulu. Ukuyisebenzisa kwi-citrus kunokuphucula iziphene ezifana nolusu oluqinileyo, iziqhamo ezibomvu, iziqhamo ezigoso, kunye ne-lignification ebangelwa ukutshiza i-gibberellins. I-Lychees, i-melon, njl. Isetyenziswe kwiimbotyi, inokwenza i-uniform yeziqhamo, iphucule imbonakalo, inyuse ixabiso lokuthengisa kunye nokunyusa ingeniso.
2. Libazise ukuvela kwegqabi
Igcina iluhlaza ixesha elide, iqinisa i-chlorophyll synthesis, iphucula i-photosynthesis, kwaye ikhuthaza umbala wamagqabi ukuba unzulu kwaye ujike ube luhlaza.
3. Khuthaza iintyatyambo kwaye ugcine iziqhamo
Isetyenziswa ngexesha leentyatyambo kunye nenqanaba leziqhamo ezincinci, inokukhuthaza iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo kwaye ithintele ukuwa kweziqhamo.
4. Ukukhuthaza ukwahlukana kweeseli kunye nokwandiswa kweziqhamo
Ngokucacileyo inokukhuthaza ukwahlukana kweeseli kwaye ikhuthaze ukukhula okuthe tyaba kunye nokuthe nkqo kwamalungu, ngaloo ndlela ikhulisa isiqhamo.
5. Yandisa imveliso
Ukuqhawula i-advanteji ephezulu kunye nokukhuthaza ukuhluma kwe-lateral buds kunokungena ngokuhlukana kwee-buds, ukukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwamasebe asecaleni, ukwandisa inani lamasebe, ukwandisa inani leentyatyambo, ukuphucula ukuchumisa kwe-pollen, ngaloo ndlela ukwandisa inani leziqhamo kunye nokwandisa imveliso. .
6. Ukuphucula urhwebo lwezityalo
Ikhuthaza i-parthenocarpy, ikhusela intyatyambo kunye nokuwa kweziqhamo, ikhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kweprotheyini, inyusa umxholo weswekile, iphucula umgangatho wezityalo, kwaye iphucula ukuthengiseka.
7. Ukulawula kunye nokulinganisela isondlo
I-Brassinolide (BR) ayisosichumisi samagqabi kwaye ayinaso isondlo, ngoko ke ukusetyenziswa okuxutyiweyo kwesichumiso esine-foliar kunye ne-brassinolide kusebenza ngokukodwa. Isichumisi se-Foliar sinokongeza izondlo zezityalo, kodwa asinakho ukukwazi ukulinganisa kunye nokulawula ukuthuthwa kwezondlo; I-Brassinolide (BR) inokuthutha izondlo ngendlela elungeleleneyo, ivumela ukuhanjiswa kwesondlo, ukuze zombini ukukhula kwezityalo kunye nokuzala kwezityalo kunokufumana izondlo ezifanelekileyo.
8. Sterilize kunye nokwandisa ukusebenza kakuhle, ngokukhawuleza ukubuyisela ukukhula
Imichiza yokungunda inokucinezela izifo kuphela kodwa ibe nefuthe elincinane ekubuyiseleni ukukhula kwesityalo. I-Brassinolide inokulinganisa ukuthuthwa kwezondlo, ikhuthaze ukufunxa kweengcambu, kwaye ikhuthaze i-photosynthesis. Ngoko ke, xa i-fungicides ixutywe kunye ne-brassinoids, iinzuzo zabo ziyahambelana. I-Brassinolide (BR) inceda kunyango lwezifo kwaye inefuthe elihle ekubuyiseni nasekukhuleni kwesityalo.
9. Ukumelana nokubanda, ukumelana neqabaka, ukumelana nembalela kunye nokumelana nezifo
Emva kokuba i-Brassinolide (BR) ingena kwisityalo, ayigcini nje ukwandisa i-photosynthesis kwaye ikhuthaze ukukhula kunye nophuhliso, kodwa inefuthe elikhethekileyo lokukhusela kwi-system cell membrane yezityalo ukuxhathisa umonakalo wokubuyisela umva. Kwakhona kunokuvuselela umsebenzi wee-enzyme ezikhuselayo kwisityalo, ukunciphisa kakhulu izinto ezinobungozi. Umonakalo ekukhuleni okuqhelekileyo kwezityalo kunye nokuphucula ngokubanzi ukuxhathisa uxinzelelo lwezityalo.
Kwenziwa amalingo erayisi, iikomkomere, iitumato, icuba, njalo njalo, kwaye iziphumo zezi:
1) Ubushushu obuphantsi:
Ukutshiza iBrassinolide (BR) kunokunyusa izinga lokubeka imbewu kwiintlobo zerayisi nge 40.1% phantsi kobushushu obuphantsi. Umsebenzi wayo we-physiological wokuphucula ukunyamezela okubandayo kwerayisi kubonakala kakhulu ekuphuculeni i-metabolism ye-physiological yerayisi kunye nokukhuthaza ukukhula nokuphuhliswa kwamalungu erayisi. Izityalo eziphathwe nge-Brassinolide (BR) ziye zaphucula kakhulu izikhombisi ze-physiological zokuchasana nokubanda phantsi kweemeko zovavanyo lwe-1 ukuya kwi-5 ° C.
2) Ubushushu obuphezulu:
Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Brassinolide (BR) kunokwandisa kakhulu i-chlorophyll yeqabunga kunye nomxholo weprotheni, i-superoxide dismutase (SOD) kunye ne-peroxidase (POD) imisebenzi yeentlobo zerayisi ezinobushushu.
3) Ityuwa-alkali:
Imbewu enyangwa ngeBrassinolide (BR) isenokugcina izinga eliphezulu lokuntshula kwindawo eyi-150 mmol NaCl. Emva kokuba izityalo zebhali eziphathwe ngeBrassinolide (BR) zifakwe kwi-500 mmol NaCl kwiiyure ezingama-24, uvavanyo lwe-ultramicroscopic lubonise ukuba ukwakheka kwamagqabi ebhali kwakukhuselwe.
4) Imbalela:
Izityalo ezifana neswekile beet ephathwa ngeBrassinolide (BR) zikhula ngcono kuneqela lolawulo kwindawo yembalela.
5) Ukunganyangeki kwezifo:
I-Brassinolide (BR) inokunciphisa umonakalo owenziwe zizifo ezithile zezityalo, ezifana ne-rice sheath blight, cucumber grey mold kunye ne-tomato blight kade. Ngokubhekiselele kwicuba, ayikhuthazi nje ukukhula kwecuba, kodwa inefuthe lokulawula i-70% kwisifo se-mosaic yecuba. Yiarhente efanelekileyo yokuthintela kunye nokunyanga isifo se-mosaic yecuba. Ukumelana nezifo kwezityalo kulawulwa yimfuza yesityalo ngokwaso. Nangona kunjalo, i-Brassinolide (BR) ester inokulawula ngokubanzi iinkqubo ze-physiological kunye ne-biochemical yesityalo, ngaloo ndlela inciphisa isifo. Kwangaxeshanye, njengehomoni yesityalo, iBrassinolide (BR) inokubangela ukuxhathisa okuthile. Ukubonakaliswa kwemfuza yesifo kwandisa ukuxhathisa izifo zezityalo.
10. Khuthaza ukukhula kwezithole
Xa isetyenziswa njengonyango lwembewu okanye itshizwe kwinqanaba lezithole, iBrassinolide (BR) idlala indima ekukhuthazeni ukumila kweengcambu.
11. Isiphumo sokwandisa isivuno
Idatha yovavanyo lwezenzululwazi ibonisa ukuba emva kokusebenzisa i-brassinolides, imveliso yerayisi inokunyuka nge-5.3% ~ 12.6%, imveliso yengqolowa inokunyuswa nge-6.3% ~ 20.2%, imveliso ye-melon kunye nemifuno inokunyuka nge-12.6% ~ 38.8%, imveliso ye-peanut inokongezwa. inyuke nge-10.4% ~ 32.6%, kwaye imveliso yommoba inokunyuka nge-9.5% ~ 18.9% (umthamo weswekile unyuka nge-0.5% ~ 1%).
12. Ukunciphisa ingozi yeziyobisi
Imichiza yokutshabalalisa ukhula, ukusetyenziswa ngendlela engeyiyo kwezibulali-zinambuzane zokungunda, okanye umlinganiselo woxinaniso ongafanelekanga unokubangela lula i-phytotoxicity. Ukusetyenziswa kwangethuba kweBrassinolide (BR) kunye nesichumiso esikumgangatho ophezulu samagqabi kunokulawula ukuthuthwa kwezondlo, ukongezelela isondlo, kunye nokunciphisa umonakalo kwizityalo obangelwa kukusetyenziswa kakubi komonakalo wamayeza, ukukhawulezisa ukubuyiswa kwesityalo kunye nokukhula.
