Iingxaki kunye nohlalutyo lwemeko yobungozi beziyobisi ekusebenziseni izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo
Isiphumo sabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo sichatshazelwa yizinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa iintlobo zezityalo, izigaba zokukhula, indawo yesicelo, iintlobo zokulawula, ugxininiso, iindlela zokusetyenziswa, kunye neendawo zangaphandle.
Kwinkqubo yokusebenzisa izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo, ingxaki yomonakalo we-pesticide ibaluleke kakhulu. Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya oonobangela bomonakalo olawula ukukhula kwezityalo ngeemeko ezintlanu zokwenyani zomonakalo wezityalo.
1. Ixesha elingafanelekanga lokusetyenziswa liyimbangela ebalulekileyo yomonakalo wezitshabalalisi.
Kukho imigaqo engqongqo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo. Ukuba ixesha lesicelo alikhethwanga ngokufanelekileyo, liya kubangela umonakalo we-pesticide, okuya kubangela ukunciphisa isivuno okanye ukulahlekelwa kwengqolowa. Ukuthatha isicelo se-Forchlorfenuron kwi-watermelon njengomzekelo, ekupheleni kukaMeyi 2011, iivatala zabahlali baseYanling Town, kwisixeko saseDanyang, kwiPhondo laseJiangsu, zaqhuma ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe "hormone yokwandisa i-watermelon". Enyanisweni, ukuqhuma kwee-watermelon akubangelwa ngokuthe ngqo yi-hormone yokwandisa i-watermelon, kodwa kubangelwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngexesha elingafanelekanga. I-Forchlorfenuron, ixesha elifanelekileyo lokusetyenziswa yimini yeentyantyambo ze-watermelon okanye enye imini ngaphambi nangemva kwayo, kwaye i-concentration ye-10-20μg /g isetyenziswe kwi-embryo ye-melon. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-watermelon isetyenziswe emva kokuba ububanzi budlula i-15cm, iya kubangela i-phytotoxicity, ebonakaliswa njenge-watermelon engenanto, inyama ekhululekile, ukunciphisa ubumnandi kunye nokunambitheka okubi. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kunokubangela ukuba ivatala iqhume. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yokuba i-Forchlorfenuron ayiqhubeki, ukuba ivatala ayigqunywanga ngokulinganayo, inokuvelisa iivatala ezinokukhubazeka.
2. idosi engalunganga nayo iyimbangela eqhelekileyo ye-phytotoxicity.
Umlawuli ngamnye wokukhula kwesityalo unoluhlu lwedosi ethile.
Idosi ephantsi kakhulu ayikwazi ukufikelela kwisiphumo esilindelekileyo, ngelixa idosi ephezulu kakhulu inokubangela i-phytotoxicity. Ukuthatha ukusetyenziswa kwe-Ethephon kumbala wediliya njengomzekelo, ngo-2010, abalimi beziqhamo e-Mianyang, eSichuan bafumanisa ukuba iidiliya ababezityalile zawa ngaphambi kokuba zivuthwe ngokupheleleyo, okunokuba kungenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kwe-Ethephon.
Uhlalutyo: I-Ethephon iqhuba kakuhle ekukhuthazeni umbala wediliya, kodwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeediliya kufuneka zinike ingqwalasela ekulungiseni ukugxila xa uyisebenzisa. Ngoko ke, ukugxininiswa kufuneka kulawulwe ngokungqongqo, kwaye isicwangciso sokutshiza, ukuvuna kunye nokuthengisa ngezigaba kufuneka samkelwe ukuphepha ilahleko engeyomfuneko. Umfama woyiswa kukwahlula phakathi kweediliya zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemijikelo yokukhula kwaye wazitshiza zonke nge 500μg/g ye Ethephon, ethe ekugqibeleni yabangela ukuwa komdiliya.
3.Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo zinovakalelo olwahlukileyo kwisilawuli sokukhula kwesityalo esinye
Njengoko iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo zinovakalelo olwahlukeneyo kwisilawuli esinye sokukhula kwesityalo, kufuneka kulumke xa usetyenziswa. Iimvavanyo ezincinci kufuneka zenziwe kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuba zikhuselekile kwaye ziyasebenza phambi kokuba ziphakanyiswe kwaye zisetyenziswe. Ngokomzekelo, i-α-Naphthyl Acetic Acid isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukugcina iintyatyambo, ukugcinwa kweziqhamo kunye ne-agent-ejenti yokuvuvukala, edla ngokuba nemiphumo ebalulekileyo kwikotoni, imithi yeziqhamo kunye ne-melon. Nangona kunjalo, izityalo ezahlukeneyo zineemvakalelo ezahlukileyo kuyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-watermelon inomdla kakhulu kwi-α-Naphthyl Acetic Acid, kwaye i-concentration esetyenzisiweyo kufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo, ngaphandle koko ingabangela umonakalo we-pesticide. Umlimi we-melon akazange athathele ingqalelo ubunjani bevatala kwaye wayitshiza ngokogxininiso ngokubanzi kwimiyalelo, okukhokelela ekuphepheni kwamagqabi evatala.
4.Ukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kukhokelela kumonakalo wezitshabalalisi
Nokuba kwakusetyenziswa isilawuli sokukhula kwesityalo esinye kwisityalo esinye, sinokubangela umonakalo wezitshabalalisi ukuba asisetyenziswanga kakuhle. Umzekelo, ukufakwa kweGibberellic Acid (GA3) kumdiliya kufuna ixesha elichanekileyo kunye noxinzelelo. Ukuba isetyenziswe ngendlela engafanelekanga, njengokutshiza endaweni yokudipha amaqela eziqhamo, oko kuyakukhokelela kubungakanani obahlukeneyo beziqhamo, okuchaphazela kakhulu isivuno kunye nomgangatho.
5.Ukudityaniswa okungaqhelekanga kokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo
Ukongeza, ukudityaniswa okungacwangciswanga kokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo nako kunokubangela iingxaki. Kusenokubakho ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabalawuli abahlukeneyo bokukhula kwezityalo, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni okungazinzanga okanye ukuphendula okungalunganga. Ngoko ke, isikhokelo sobuchule kufuneka silandelwe xa uzisebenzisa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nokusebenza kakuhle.
Itekhnoloji edityanisiweyo yabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo ihlala ifikelela kwiziphumo zentsebenziswano emva kokuhlolwa ngononophelo kwefomula kunye nokuqinisekiswa kovavanyo lwasendle.
6.Ezinye iimeko zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mgangathweni
Xa usebenzisa izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo, indlela echanekileyo, ixesha kunye nokugxininiswa kufuneka kulandelwe ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba badlala indima yabo kwaye baphephe umonakalo weziyobisi. Ngokomzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-paclobutrazol kwimithi ye-apula kunokubangela imiphumo emibi ukuba isetyenziswe ngokungafanelekanga. Xa imithi yama-apile ikhule ibe zizityalo ezivelisayo, ukusebenzisa i-2 ukuya kwi-3 grams ye-Paclobutrazol kwiingcambu zomthi ngamnye malunga neemitha ezi-5 ekwindla kwiveki enye inokulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukukhula kwamahlumela amatsha kunyaka wesibini, kwaye isasebenza. kunyaka wesithathu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-Paclobutrazol ifafazwe kwi-concentration ye-300 micrograms / gram xa amahlumela amatsha emithi ye-apula ekhula ukuya kwi-5 ukuya kwi-10 cm, nangona inokuthintela ukukhula kwamahlumela amatsha, ukuba i-dosage ayifanelekanga, inokuthintela ukukhula kwamahlumela amatsha. ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kwemithi yama-apile, okukhokelela ekucuthekeni kwesivuno kunye nokuncipha komgangatho weziqhamo.
Ukongezelela, iimeko zokusingqongileyo nazo ziyizinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo.
Ngokomzekelo, umphumo we-1-Naphthyl Acetic Acid ekugcinweni kweziqhamo ze-tomato uchaphazeleka bubushushu. Xa iqondo lobushushu lingaphantsi kwe 20℃ okanye ngaphezulu kwe 35℃, isiphumo sokugcina isiqhamo asisihle; ngelixa kuluhlu lobushushu lwe-25-30 ℃, isiphumo sokugcina isiqhamo sisona sifanelekileyo. Ngokufanayo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-Forchlorfenuron kwiikomkomere kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ixesha. Kufuneka isetyenziswe ngosuku apho ikhukhamba iqhakaza. Ukuba ixesha lilahlekile okanye i-dosage ayifanelekanga, ikhukhamba ingaqhubeka ikhula efrijini, kodwa i-taste and quality iya kuncitshiswa kakhulu.
Kwinkqubo yokusebenzisa izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo, ingxaki yomonakalo we-pesticide ibaluleke kakhulu. Eli nqaku liza kuhlalutya oonobangela bomonakalo olawula ukukhula kwezityalo ngeemeko ezintlanu zokwenyani zomonakalo wezityalo.
1. Ixesha elingafanelekanga lokusetyenziswa liyimbangela ebalulekileyo yomonakalo wezitshabalalisi.
Kukho imigaqo engqongqo ngexesha lokusetyenziswa kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo. Ukuba ixesha lesicelo alikhethwanga ngokufanelekileyo, liya kubangela umonakalo we-pesticide, okuya kubangela ukunciphisa isivuno okanye ukulahlekelwa kwengqolowa. Ukuthatha isicelo se-Forchlorfenuron kwi-watermelon njengomzekelo, ekupheleni kukaMeyi 2011, iivatala zabahlali baseYanling Town, kwisixeko saseDanyang, kwiPhondo laseJiangsu, zaqhuma ngenxa yokusetyenziswa kwe "hormone yokwandisa i-watermelon". Enyanisweni, ukuqhuma kwee-watermelon akubangelwa ngokuthe ngqo yi-hormone yokwandisa i-watermelon, kodwa kubangelwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo ngexesha elingafanelekanga. I-Forchlorfenuron, ixesha elifanelekileyo lokusetyenziswa yimini yeentyantyambo ze-watermelon okanye enye imini ngaphambi nangemva kwayo, kwaye i-concentration ye-10-20μg /g isetyenziswe kwi-embryo ye-melon. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-watermelon isetyenziswe emva kokuba ububanzi budlula i-15cm, iya kubangela i-phytotoxicity, ebonakaliswa njenge-watermelon engenanto, inyama ekhululekile, ukunciphisa ubumnandi kunye nokunambitheka okubi. Kwiimeko ezinzima, kunokubangela ukuba ivatala iqhume. Kwangaxeshanye, ngenxa yokuba i-Forchlorfenuron ayiqhubeki, ukuba ivatala ayigqunywanga ngokulinganayo, inokuvelisa iivatala ezinokukhubazeka.
2. idosi engalunganga nayo iyimbangela eqhelekileyo ye-phytotoxicity.
Umlawuli ngamnye wokukhula kwesityalo unoluhlu lwedosi ethile.
Idosi ephantsi kakhulu ayikwazi ukufikelela kwisiphumo esilindelekileyo, ngelixa idosi ephezulu kakhulu inokubangela i-phytotoxicity. Ukuthatha ukusetyenziswa kwe-Ethephon kumbala wediliya njengomzekelo, ngo-2010, abalimi beziqhamo e-Mianyang, eSichuan bafumanisa ukuba iidiliya ababezityalile zawa ngaphambi kokuba zivuthwe ngokupheleleyo, okunokuba kungenxa yokusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kwe-Ethephon.
Uhlalutyo: I-Ethephon iqhuba kakuhle ekukhuthazeni umbala wediliya, kodwa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeediliya kufuneka zinike ingqwalasela ekulungiseni ukugxila xa uyisebenzisa. Ngoko ke, ukugxininiswa kufuneka kulawulwe ngokungqongqo, kwaye isicwangciso sokutshiza, ukuvuna kunye nokuthengisa ngezigaba kufuneka samkelwe ukuphepha ilahleko engeyomfuneko. Umfama woyiswa kukwahlula phakathi kweediliya zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye nemijikelo yokukhula kwaye wazitshiza zonke nge 500μg/g ye Ethephon, ethe ekugqibeleni yabangela ukuwa komdiliya.
3.Iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo zinovakalelo olwahlukileyo kwisilawuli sokukhula kwesityalo esinye
Njengoko iintlobo ngeentlobo zezityalo zinovakalelo olwahlukeneyo kwisilawuli esinye sokukhula kwesityalo, kufuneka kulumke xa usetyenziswa. Iimvavanyo ezincinci kufuneka zenziwe kuqala ukuqinisekisa ukuba zikhuselekile kwaye ziyasebenza phambi kokuba ziphakanyiswe kwaye zisetyenziswe. Ngokomzekelo, i-α-Naphthyl Acetic Acid isetyenziswa ngokubanzi ukugcina iintyatyambo, ukugcinwa kweziqhamo kunye ne-agent-ejenti yokuvuvukala, edla ngokuba nemiphumo ebalulekileyo kwikotoni, imithi yeziqhamo kunye ne-melon. Nangona kunjalo, izityalo ezahlukeneyo zineemvakalelo ezahlukileyo kuyo. Ngokomzekelo, i-watermelon inomdla kakhulu kwi-α-Naphthyl Acetic Acid, kwaye i-concentration esetyenzisiweyo kufuneka ilawulwe ngokungqongqo, ngaphandle koko ingabangela umonakalo we-pesticide. Umlimi we-melon akazange athathele ingqalelo ubunjani bevatala kwaye wayitshiza ngokogxininiso ngokubanzi kwimiyalelo, okukhokelela ekuphepheni kwamagqabi evatala.
4.Ukusetyenziswa ngokungafanelekanga kukhokelela kumonakalo wezitshabalalisi
Nokuba kwakusetyenziswa isilawuli sokukhula kwesityalo esinye kwisityalo esinye, sinokubangela umonakalo wezitshabalalisi ukuba asisetyenziswanga kakuhle. Umzekelo, ukufakwa kweGibberellic Acid (GA3) kumdiliya kufuna ixesha elichanekileyo kunye noxinzelelo. Ukuba isetyenziswe ngendlela engafanelekanga, njengokutshiza endaweni yokudipha amaqela eziqhamo, oko kuyakukhokelela kubungakanani obahlukeneyo beziqhamo, okuchaphazela kakhulu isivuno kunye nomgangatho.
5.Ukudityaniswa okungaqhelekanga kokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo
Ukongeza, ukudityaniswa okungacwangciswanga kokulawula ukukhula kwezityalo nako kunokubangela iingxaki. Kusenokubakho ukusebenzisana phakathi kwabalawuli abahlukeneyo bokukhula kwezityalo, okukhokelela ekusebenzeni okungazinzanga okanye ukuphendula okungalunganga. Ngoko ke, isikhokelo sobuchule kufuneka silandelwe xa uzisebenzisa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko nokusebenza kakuhle.
Itekhnoloji edityanisiweyo yabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo ihlala ifikelela kwiziphumo zentsebenziswano emva kokuhlolwa ngononophelo kwefomula kunye nokuqinisekiswa kovavanyo lwasendle.
6.Ezinye iimeko zokusetyenziswa kweziyobisi ezingekho mgangathweni
Xa usebenzisa izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo, indlela echanekileyo, ixesha kunye nokugxininiswa kufuneka kulandelwe ngokungqongqo ukuqinisekisa ukuba badlala indima yabo kwaye baphephe umonakalo weziyobisi. Ngokomzekelo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-paclobutrazol kwimithi ye-apula kunokubangela imiphumo emibi ukuba isetyenziswe ngokungafanelekanga. Xa imithi yama-apile ikhule ibe zizityalo ezivelisayo, ukusebenzisa i-2 ukuya kwi-3 grams ye-Paclobutrazol kwiingcambu zomthi ngamnye malunga neemitha ezi-5 ekwindla kwiveki enye inokulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukukhula kwamahlumela amatsha kunyaka wesibini, kwaye isasebenza. kunyaka wesithathu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuba i-Paclobutrazol ifafazwe kwi-concentration ye-300 micrograms / gram xa amahlumela amatsha emithi ye-apula ekhula ukuya kwi-5 ukuya kwi-10 cm, nangona inokuthintela ukukhula kwamahlumela amatsha, ukuba i-dosage ayifanelekanga, inokuthintela ukukhula kwamahlumela amatsha. ukukhula okuqhelekileyo kwemithi yama-apile, okukhokelela ekucuthekeni kwesivuno kunye nokuncipha komgangatho weziqhamo.
Ukongezelela, iimeko zokusingqongileyo nazo ziyizinto eziphambili ezichaphazela ukusebenza kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo.
Ngokomzekelo, umphumo we-1-Naphthyl Acetic Acid ekugcinweni kweziqhamo ze-tomato uchaphazeleka bubushushu. Xa iqondo lobushushu lingaphantsi kwe 20℃ okanye ngaphezulu kwe 35℃, isiphumo sokugcina isiqhamo asisihle; ngelixa kuluhlu lobushushu lwe-25-30 ℃, isiphumo sokugcina isiqhamo sisona sifanelekileyo. Ngokufanayo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-Forchlorfenuron kwiikomkomere kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo ixesha. Kufuneka isetyenziswe ngosuku apho ikhukhamba iqhakaza. Ukuba ixesha lilahlekile okanye i-dosage ayifanelekanga, ikhukhamba ingaqhubeka ikhula efrijini, kodwa i-taste and quality iya kuncitshiswa kakhulu.
