Ukusetyenziswa kwabalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo kwimifuno - Utamatisi
Itumato ineempawu zebhayoloji zokufudumala, ukuthanda ukukhanya, ukunyamezela izichumisi kunye nokunyamezela imbalela. Ikhula kakuhle kwiimeko zemozulu kunye nemozulu eshushu, ukukhanya okwaneleyo, kwiintsuku ezimbalwa ezinamafu kunye nemvula, kulula ukufumana izivuno eziphezulu. Noko ke, ubushushu obuphezulu, imozulu yemvula, nokungonelanga kokukhanya kudla ngokubangela ukukhula okubuthathaka. , esi sifo siyingozi.
1. Ukuntshula
Ukonyusa isantya sokuntshula kwembewu kunye nesantya sokuntshula, kwaye wenze izithole zicoceke kwaye zomelele, ungasebenzisa ngokubanzi i-Gibberellic acid (GA3) 200-300 mg/L kwaye ufunxe imbewu ngeeyure ezi-6, i-sodium nitrophenolate edibeneyo (ATN) ） 6-8 mg / L kwaye ucwilise imbewu kwiiyure ze-6, kunye ne-diacetate 10-12 mg / Esi siphumo sinokufezekiswa ngokucwina imbewu kwiiyure ze-6.
2. Khuthaza i-rooting
Sebenzisa i-Pinsoa root king.Inokukhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu kunye nophuhliso, ngaloo ndlela uhlakulela izithole ezinamandla.
3. Thintela ukukhula okugqithisileyo kwinqanaba lezithole
Ukuze uthintele izithole ekukhuleni ixesha elide kakhulu, yenza internodes mfutshane, izikhondo ngqindilili, kunye nezityalo zimfutshane kwaye zomelele, nto leyo eya kuququzelela ukwahlulwa kweentyatyambo kwaye ngaloo ndlela ubeke isiseko sokwandisa imveliso kwixesha elizayo, oku kulandelayo. izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo zingasetyenziswa.
Chlorocholine chloride (CCC)
(1) Indlela yokutshiza: Xa kukho 2-4 amagqabi okwenene, 300mg/L unyango lokutshiza lungenza izithole zibe zifutshane kwaye zomelele kwaye zandise inani leentyatyambo.
(2) Ukunkcenkceshelwa kweengcambu: Xa ingcambu ikhula i-30-50cm emva kokutshintshwa, ukunkcenkceshela iingcambu nge-200mL ye-250mg/L Chlorocholine chloride (CCC) kwisityalo ngasinye, enokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo izityalo ze-tomato ekukhuleni kakhulu.
(3) Ukufunxwa kweengcambu: Ukufunxwa kweengcambu ngeChlorocholine chloride (CCC) 500mg/L imizuzu engama-20 phambi kokutyala kunokuphucula umgangatho wezithole, kukhuthaze ukwahlulahlula kwentyatyambo, kwaye kube lula ukuvuthwa kwangoko kunye nesivuno esikhulu.
Nceda uqaphele xa usebenzisa: I-Chlorocholine chloride (CCC) ayifanelekanga kwizithole ezibuthathaka kunye nomhlaba obhityileyo; Ugxininiso alukwazi ukudlula i-500mg/L.
Kwizithole ezimilenze, ukutshiza kwe-foliar ye-10-20mg / L paclobutrazol (Paclo) kunye ne-5-6 yamagqabi okwenyaniso inokulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukukhula okunamandla, izithole ezinamandla kunye nokukhuthaza ukuhluma kwe-axillary bud.
Qaphela xa usebenzisa: Lawula ngokungqongqo ukugxininiswa, fafaza ngokucokisekileyo, kwaye ungatshizi ngokuphindaphindiweyo; thintela ulwelo ukuba lungangeni emhlabeni, kuphephe ukufaka iingcambu, kwaye uthintele intsalela emhlabeni.
4. Thintela iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo ekuweni.
Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuwa kweentyatyambo kunye nesiqhamo ngenxa yokungakhuli kakuhle kweentyatyambo phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphantsi okanye obuphezulu, ezi zilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo zilandelayo zingasetyenziswa:
INaphthylacetic acid(NAA) itshizwe emagqabini nge 10 mg/L Naphthylacetic acid(NAA)
I-Compound sodium nitrophenolate (ATN) kufuneka itshizwe emagqabini nge 4-6mg/L
Olu nyango lungentla lunokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuwa kweentyatyambo kunye neziqhamo, kukhawulezise ukukhula kweziqhamo, kwaye kwandise isivuno sakwangoko.
5. Ukulibaziseka ukuguga kunye nokwandisa imveliso
Ukuze ucinezele izithole damping-off kunye nokwenzeka kwe anthracnose, blight kunye nezifo zentsholongwane kwisigaba samva, hlakulela izithole ezomeleleyo, ukwandisa izinga lokumisela iziqhamo kwisigaba esiphakathi nasekupheleni, ukwandisa ukumila kweziqhamo kunye nemveliso, ukulibazisa ukuguga. Isityalo, kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokuvuna, sinokunyangwa ngezi zilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo zilandelayo:
(DA-6)Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate : Sebenzisa i-10mg/L ye-ethanol ukutshiza ngamagqabi kwinqanaba lezithole, rhoqo nge-667m⊃2; sebenzisa i-25-30kg yolwelo. Kwinqanaba lentsimi, i-12-15 mg/L ye-DA-6 mayisetyenziselwe ukutshiza ngamahlamvu, rhoqo nge-667m⊃2; I-50kg yesisombululo ingasetyenziswa, kwaye isitshizi sesibini singenziwa emva kweentsuku ezili-10, kufuneka i-2 iyonke izitshizi.
I-Brassinolide: Sebenzisa i-0.01mg/L brassinolide ukutshiza ngamagqabi kwinqanaba lezithole, rhoqo nge-667m⊃2; sebenzisa i-25-30kg yolwelo. Kwinqanaba lentsimi, i-0.05 mg/L brassinolide isetyenziselwa ukutshiza ngamahlamvu, rhoqo ngama-667 m⊃2; sebenzisa i-50 kg yesisombululo, kwaye utshize okwesibini rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezi-7-10, zizonke zidinga izitshizi ezi-2.
6.Khuthaza ukuvuthwa kwangoko kweetumato
I-Ethephon: I-Ethephon isetyenziswa kwiitumato ngexesha lokuvuna ukukhuthaza ukuvuthwa kwangoko kwesiqhamo. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimveliso kwaye inemiphumo ephawulekayo.
Ayinakuvuthwa kwangethuba kwaye inyuse isivuno kwangethuba, kodwa iluncedo kakhulu ekuvuthweni kweetumato zamva.
Ukugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa kweentlobo zetamatato, ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukuqhutyelwa kwe-centralized processing, zonke zinokuphathwa nge-ethephon, kunye nemixholo ye-lycopene, iswekile, i-asidi, njl. kwiitumato eziphathwa nge-ethephon zifana nezo zeziqhamo eziqhelekileyo ezivuthiweyo.
Indlela yokuyisebenzisa:
(1) Indlela yokuthambisa:
Xa iziqhamo ze-tomato ziza kungena kwixesha lombala (utamatisi zijika zibe mhlophe) ukusuka kwinqanaba eliluhlaza kunye nelokukhula, ungasebenzisa itawuli encinci okanye iiglavu ze-gauze ukucwina kwi-4000mg / L isisombululo se-ethephon, uze uyisebenzise kwi-tomato. iziqhamo. Sula nje okanye uyibambe. Iziqhamo eziphathwa nge-ethephon zinokuvuthwa kwiintsuku ezingama-6-8 ngaphambili, kwaye iziqhamo ziya kuqaqamba kwaye zikhanye.
(2) Indlela yokufunxa iziqhamo:
Ukuba iitumato eziye zangena kwixesha lokunciphisa umbala zithathwa kwaye zivuthwe, i-ethephon ye-2000 mg / L ingasetyenziselwa ukutshiza iziqhamo okanye ukucwina iziqhamo ngomzuzu we-1, uze ubeke iitumato kwindawo efudumeleyo (22 - - 25℃) okanye ukuvuthwa kwangaphakathi, kodwa iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo aziqaqambi njengezo zikwizityalo.
(3)Indlela yokutshiza iziqhamo kwintsimi:
Kwixesha elilodwa lokuvunwa kweetumato ezicutshungulwayo, ngexesha lokukhula kade, xa uninzi lweziqhamo lujike lwaba bomvu kodwa ezinye iziqhamo eziluhlaza azinakusetyenziselwa ukucutshungulwa, ukwenzela ukukhawulezisa ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo, isisombululo se-ethephon se-1000 mg/L sinokuba kutshizwe kuso sonke isityalo ukukhawulezisa ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo eziluhlaza.
Kwiitumato zasekwindla okanye iitumato zealpine zilima ngexesha lokugqibela, ubushushu buyancipha kancinci kancinci ngexesha lokukhula kade. Ukuthintela iqabaka, i-ethephon inokutshizwa kwizityalo okanye iziqhamo ukukhuthaza ukuvuthwa kwangoko kweziqhamo.
1. Ukuntshula
Ukonyusa isantya sokuntshula kwembewu kunye nesantya sokuntshula, kwaye wenze izithole zicoceke kwaye zomelele, ungasebenzisa ngokubanzi i-Gibberellic acid (GA3) 200-300 mg/L kwaye ufunxe imbewu ngeeyure ezi-6, i-sodium nitrophenolate edibeneyo (ATN) ） 6-8 mg / L kwaye ucwilise imbewu kwiiyure ze-6, kunye ne-diacetate 10-12 mg / Esi siphumo sinokufezekiswa ngokucwina imbewu kwiiyure ze-6.
2. Khuthaza i-rooting
Sebenzisa i-Pinsoa root king.Inokukhuthaza ukukhula kweengcambu kunye nophuhliso, ngaloo ndlela uhlakulela izithole ezinamandla.
3. Thintela ukukhula okugqithisileyo kwinqanaba lezithole
Ukuze uthintele izithole ekukhuleni ixesha elide kakhulu, yenza internodes mfutshane, izikhondo ngqindilili, kunye nezityalo zimfutshane kwaye zomelele, nto leyo eya kuququzelela ukwahlulwa kweentyatyambo kwaye ngaloo ndlela ubeke isiseko sokwandisa imveliso kwixesha elizayo, oku kulandelayo. izilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo zingasetyenziswa.
Chlorocholine chloride (CCC)
(1) Indlela yokutshiza: Xa kukho 2-4 amagqabi okwenene, 300mg/L unyango lokutshiza lungenza izithole zibe zifutshane kwaye zomelele kwaye zandise inani leentyatyambo.
(2) Ukunkcenkceshelwa kweengcambu: Xa ingcambu ikhula i-30-50cm emva kokutshintshwa, ukunkcenkceshela iingcambu nge-200mL ye-250mg/L Chlorocholine chloride (CCC) kwisityalo ngasinye, enokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo izityalo ze-tomato ekukhuleni kakhulu.
(3) Ukufunxwa kweengcambu: Ukufunxwa kweengcambu ngeChlorocholine chloride (CCC) 500mg/L imizuzu engama-20 phambi kokutyala kunokuphucula umgangatho wezithole, kukhuthaze ukwahlulahlula kwentyatyambo, kwaye kube lula ukuvuthwa kwangoko kunye nesivuno esikhulu.
Nceda uqaphele xa usebenzisa: I-Chlorocholine chloride (CCC) ayifanelekanga kwizithole ezibuthathaka kunye nomhlaba obhityileyo; Ugxininiso alukwazi ukudlula i-500mg/L.
Kwizithole ezimilenze, ukutshiza kwe-foliar ye-10-20mg / L paclobutrazol (Paclo) kunye ne-5-6 yamagqabi okwenyaniso inokulawula ngokufanelekileyo ukukhula okunamandla, izithole ezinamandla kunye nokukhuthaza ukuhluma kwe-axillary bud.
Qaphela xa usebenzisa: Lawula ngokungqongqo ukugxininiswa, fafaza ngokucokisekileyo, kwaye ungatshizi ngokuphindaphindiweyo; thintela ulwelo ukuba lungangeni emhlabeni, kuphephe ukufaka iingcambu, kwaye uthintele intsalela emhlabeni.
4. Thintela iintyatyambo kunye neziqhamo ekuweni.
Ukuze kuthintelwe ukuwa kweentyatyambo kunye nesiqhamo ngenxa yokungakhuli kakuhle kweentyatyambo phantsi kweemeko zobushushu obuphantsi okanye obuphezulu, ezi zilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo zilandelayo zingasetyenziswa:
INaphthylacetic acid(NAA) itshizwe emagqabini nge 10 mg/L Naphthylacetic acid(NAA)
I-Compound sodium nitrophenolate (ATN) kufuneka itshizwe emagqabini nge 4-6mg/L
Olu nyango lungentla lunokuthintela ngokufanelekileyo ukuwa kweentyatyambo kunye neziqhamo, kukhawulezise ukukhula kweziqhamo, kwaye kwandise isivuno sakwangoko.
5. Ukulibaziseka ukuguga kunye nokwandisa imveliso
Ukuze ucinezele izithole damping-off kunye nokwenzeka kwe anthracnose, blight kunye nezifo zentsholongwane kwisigaba samva, hlakulela izithole ezomeleleyo, ukwandisa izinga lokumisela iziqhamo kwisigaba esiphakathi nasekupheleni, ukwandisa ukumila kweziqhamo kunye nemveliso, ukulibazisa ukuguga. Isityalo, kunye nokwandisa ixesha lokuvuna, sinokunyangwa ngezi zilawuli zokukhula kwezityalo zilandelayo:
(DA-6)Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate : Sebenzisa i-10mg/L ye-ethanol ukutshiza ngamagqabi kwinqanaba lezithole, rhoqo nge-667m⊃2; sebenzisa i-25-30kg yolwelo. Kwinqanaba lentsimi, i-12-15 mg/L ye-DA-6 mayisetyenziselwe ukutshiza ngamahlamvu, rhoqo nge-667m⊃2; I-50kg yesisombululo ingasetyenziswa, kwaye isitshizi sesibini singenziwa emva kweentsuku ezili-10, kufuneka i-2 iyonke izitshizi.
I-Brassinolide: Sebenzisa i-0.01mg/L brassinolide ukutshiza ngamagqabi kwinqanaba lezithole, rhoqo nge-667m⊃2; sebenzisa i-25-30kg yolwelo. Kwinqanaba lentsimi, i-0.05 mg/L brassinolide isetyenziselwa ukutshiza ngamahlamvu, rhoqo ngama-667 m⊃2; sebenzisa i-50 kg yesisombululo, kwaye utshize okwesibini rhoqo emva kweentsuku ezi-7-10, zizonke zidinga izitshizi ezi-2.
6.Khuthaza ukuvuthwa kwangoko kweetumato
I-Ethephon: I-Ethephon isetyenziswa kwiitumato ngexesha lokuvuna ukukhuthaza ukuvuthwa kwangoko kwesiqhamo. Isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwimveliso kwaye inemiphumo ephawulekayo.
Ayinakuvuthwa kwangethuba kwaye inyuse isivuno kwangethuba, kodwa iluncedo kakhulu ekuvuthweni kweetumato zamva.
Ukugcinwa kunye nokulungiswa kweentlobo zetamatato, ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukuqhutyelwa kwe-centralized processing, zonke zinokuphathwa nge-ethephon, kunye nemixholo ye-lycopene, iswekile, i-asidi, njl. kwiitumato eziphathwa nge-ethephon zifana nezo zeziqhamo eziqhelekileyo ezivuthiweyo.
Indlela yokuyisebenzisa:
(1) Indlela yokuthambisa:
Xa iziqhamo ze-tomato ziza kungena kwixesha lombala (utamatisi zijika zibe mhlophe) ukusuka kwinqanaba eliluhlaza kunye nelokukhula, ungasebenzisa itawuli encinci okanye iiglavu ze-gauze ukucwina kwi-4000mg / L isisombululo se-ethephon, uze uyisebenzise kwi-tomato. iziqhamo. Sula nje okanye uyibambe. Iziqhamo eziphathwa nge-ethephon zinokuvuthwa kwiintsuku ezingama-6-8 ngaphambili, kwaye iziqhamo ziya kuqaqamba kwaye zikhanye.
(2) Indlela yokufunxa iziqhamo:
Ukuba iitumato eziye zangena kwixesha lokunciphisa umbala zithathwa kwaye zivuthwe, i-ethephon ye-2000 mg / L ingasetyenziselwa ukutshiza iziqhamo okanye ukucwina iziqhamo ngomzuzu we-1, uze ubeke iitumato kwindawo efudumeleyo (22 - - 25℃) okanye ukuvuthwa kwangaphakathi, kodwa iziqhamo ezivuthiweyo aziqaqambi njengezo zikwizityalo.
(3)Indlela yokutshiza iziqhamo kwintsimi:
Kwixesha elilodwa lokuvunwa kweetumato ezicutshungulwayo, ngexesha lokukhula kade, xa uninzi lweziqhamo lujike lwaba bomvu kodwa ezinye iziqhamo eziluhlaza azinakusetyenziselwa ukucutshungulwa, ukwenzela ukukhawulezisa ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo, isisombululo se-ethephon se-1000 mg/L sinokuba kutshizwe kuso sonke isityalo ukukhawulezisa ukuvuthwa kweziqhamo eziluhlaza.
Kwiitumato zasekwindla okanye iitumato zealpine zilima ngexesha lokugqibela, ubushushu buyancipha kancinci kancinci ngexesha lokukhula kade. Ukuthintela iqabaka, i-ethephon inokutshizwa kwizityalo okanye iziqhamo ukukhuthaza ukuvuthwa kwangoko kweziqhamo.
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