Ukusetshenziswa kwezilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo emifino - Utamatisi
Utamatisi unezici zebhayoloji zokufudumala, ukuthanda ukukhanya, ukubekezelela umanyolo kanye nokubekezelela isomiso. Ikhula kahle ezimeni zezulu ezinesimo sezulu esifudumele, ukukhanya okwanele, ezinsukwini ezimbalwa ezinamafu nezimvula, kulula ukuthola isivuno esikhulu. Nokho, izinga lokushisa eliphezulu, izulu elinemvula, nokukhanya okunganele ngokuvamile kubangela ukukhula okubuthakathaka. , lesi sifo sibucayi.
1. Ukuhluma
Ukuze ukhuphule ijubane lokuhluma kwembewu kanye nezinga lokuhluma, futhi wenze izithombo zicoceke futhi ziqine, ungasebenzisa ngokuvamile i-Gibberellic acid (GA3) 200-300 mg/L bese ucwilisa imbewu amahora angu-6, i-sodium nitrophenolate ehlanganisiwe (ATN) ） 6-8 mg/L bese ucwilisa imbewu amahora angu-6, futhi i-diacetate 10-12 mg/ Lo mphumela ungafinyelelwa ngokucwilisa imbewu amahora angu-6.
2. Khuthaza i-rooting
Sebenzisa i-Pinsoa root king.Ingakhuthaza ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezimpande, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlakulele izithombo ezinamandla.
3. Vimbela ukukhula ngokweqile esigabeni sezithombo
Ukuze uvimbele ukuthi izithombo zingakhuli zibe zinde kakhulu, yenza ama-internode abe mfishane, iziqu zibe mfushane, nezitshalo zibe mfishane futhi ziqine, okuzokwenza kube lula ukuhlukaniswa kwezimbali futhi ngaleyo ndlela ubeke isisekelo sokwandisa ukukhiqizwa esikhathini esizayo, okulandelayo: izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo zingasetshenziswa.
I-Chlorocholine chloride (CCC)
(1) Indlela yokufutha: Uma kunamaqabunga eqiniso angu-2-4, ukwelashwa kwesifutho esingu-300mg/L kungenza izithombo zibe zifushane futhi ziqine futhi kwandise isibalo sezimbali.
(2) Ukunisela izimpande: Lapho impande ikhula ngo-30-50cm ngemva kokutshala, nisela izimpande ngo-200mL ka-250mg/L Chlorocholine chloride (CCC) ngesitshalo ngasinye, okungavimbela ngokuphumelelayo izitshalo zikatamatisi ekukhuleni kakhulu.
(3) Ukucwiliswa kwezimpande: Ukucwiliswa kwezimpande nge-Chlorocholine chloride (CCC) 500mg/L imizuzu engu-20 ngaphambi kokutshala kungathuthukisa izinga lezithombo, kukhuthaze ukuhlukaniswa kwezimbali, futhi kusize ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi kanye nesivuno esikhulu.
Sicela uqaphele lapho usebenzisa: I-Chlorocholine chloride (i-CCC) ayizilungele izithombo ezibuthakathaka nomhlabathi omncane; ukugxila akukwazi ukudlula 500mg/L.
Ngezithombo ezimile, ukufafaza kwe-foliar kwe-10-20mg/L paclobutrazol(Paclo) enamaqabunga eqiniso angama-5-6 kungalawula ngempumelelo ukukhula okunamandla, izithombo eziqinile futhi kukhuthaze ukuhluma kwe-axillary bud.
Qaphela lapho usebenzisa: Lawula ngokuqinile ukugxilisa ingqondo, fafaza kahle, futhi ungafafazi ngokuphindaphindiwe; vimbela uketshezi ukuthi lungangeni emhlabathini, gwema ukufaka izimpande, futhi uvimbele izinsalela emhlabathini.
4. Vimbela izimbali nezithelo ukuthi zingawi.
Ukuze uvimbele ukwehla kwezimbali nezithelo okubangelwa ukukhula kabi kwembali ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphansi noma eziphakeme, lezi zilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo zingasetshenziswa:
I-Naphthylacetic acid(NAA) ifafazwe emaqabunga ngo-10 mg/L i-Naphthylacetic acid(NAA)
Inhlanganisela ye-sodium nitrophenolate(ATN) kufanele ifuthwe emaqabunga ngo-4-6mg/L
Ukwelashwa okungenhla kungavimbela ngempumelelo ukwehla kwezimbali nezithelo, kusheshise ukukhula kwezithelo, futhi kwandise isivuno masinyane.
5. Ukubambezela ukuguga futhi andise ukukhiqizwa
Ukuze ucindezele ukwehla kwezithombo kanye nokuvela kwe-anthracnose, ukubola kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane esigabeni sakamuva, tshala izithombo eziqinile, ukhuphule izinga lokumiswa kwezithelo phakathi nezigaba ezimaphakathi nezakamuva, ukhuphule ukwakheka kwezithelo nokukhiqizwa, ubambezele ukuguga. isitshalo, futhi sandise isikhathi sokuvuna, singelashwa ngalezi zilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ezilandelayo:
(DA-6)I-Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate : Sebenzisa u-10mg/L we-ethanol ngokufafaza ngamahlamvu esigabeni sezithombo, njalo ngo-667m⊃2; sebenzisa u-25-30kg woketshezi. Esigabeni sasensimini, u-12-15 mg/L we-DA-6 uzosetshenziselwa ukufafaza ngamaqabunga, njalo ngo-667m⊃2; I-50kg yesisombululo ingasetshenziswa, futhi isifutho sesibili singenziwa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10, isidingo esiphelele sokufafaza oku-2.
I-Brassinolide: Sebenzisa i-0.01mg/L brassinolide ngokufafaza ngamahlamvu esigabeni sezithombo, njalo ngo-667m⊃2; sebenzisa u-25-30kg woketshezi. Esigabeni sasensimini, i-0.05 mg/L i-brassinolide isetshenziselwa ukufafaza ngamaqabunga, njalo ngama-667 m⊃2; sebenzisa i-50 kg yesisombululo, bese ufutha okwesibili njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-7-10, isamba sidinga izifutho ezi-2.
6.Thuthukisa ukuvuthwa kukatamatisi kusenesikhathi
I-Ethephon: I-Ethephon isetshenziswa kumatamatisi ngesikhathi sokuvuna ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvuthwa kwesithelo kusenesikhathi. Isetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizeni futhi inemiphumela emangalisayo.
Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi kungavuthwa kusenesikhathi futhi kwandise isivuno sokuqala, kodwa futhi kuyazuzisa kakhulu ekuvuthweni kwamatamatisi akamuva.
Ukugcina nokucubungula izinhlobo zamatamatisi, ukuze kube lula ukucubungula okuphakathi, konke kungelashwa nge-ethephon, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-lycopene, ushukela, i-asidi, njll. kumatamatisi aphathwe nge-ethephon kufana nezithelo ezivuthiwe ezivamile.
Isetshenziswa kanjani:
(1) Indlela yokugcoba:
Lapho izithelo zikatamatisi sezizongena enkathini yokubala (utamatisi uphenduka ube mhlophe) kusukela esiteji esiluhlaza futhi esivuthiwe, ungasebenzisa ithawula elincane noma amagilavu we-gauze ukuze ungene ku-4000mg/L isisombululo se-ethephon, bese usifaka kutamatisi. izithelo. Vele usule noma uyithinte. Izithelo eziphathwe nge-ethephon zingavuthwa ezinsukwini ezingu-6-8 ngaphambili, futhi izithelo zizokhanya futhi zicwebezele.
(2) Indlela yokucwiliswa kwesithelo:
Uma utamatisi ongene enkathini yokufaka umbala ekhethiwe bese evuthwa, i-ethephon engu-2000 mg/L ingasetshenziswa ukufafaza izithelo noma ukucwilisa izithelo ngomzuzu ongu-1, bese ubeka utamatisi endaweni efudumele (22 - 25℃) noma ukuvuthwa kwangaphakathi, kodwa izithelo ezivuthiwe azikhanyi njengalezo ezitshalweni.
(3)Indlela yokufafaza isithelo sasensimini:
Kumatamatisi acutshungulwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, esikhathini sokukhula sekwephuzile, lapho izithelo eziningi seziphenduke zaba bomvu kodwa ezinye izithelo eziluhlaza azikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukucubungula, ukuze kusheshiswe ukuvuthwa kwesithelo, isisombululo se-ethephon esingu-1000 mg/L singase sisetshenziswe. kufuthwe kuso sonke isitshalo ukuze kusheshiswe ukuvuthwa kwezithelo eziluhlaza.
Ukuze utamatisi wasekwindla noma utamatisi we-alpine ulinywe ngasekupheleni kwenkathi, izinga lokushisa liyehla kancane kancane ngesikhathi sokukhula sekwephuzile. Ukuze uvimbele isithwathwa, i-ethephon ingafuthwa ezitshalweni noma ezithelweni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwezithelo.
1. Ukuhluma
Ukuze ukhuphule ijubane lokuhluma kwembewu kanye nezinga lokuhluma, futhi wenze izithombo zicoceke futhi ziqine, ungasebenzisa ngokuvamile i-Gibberellic acid (GA3) 200-300 mg/L bese ucwilisa imbewu amahora angu-6, i-sodium nitrophenolate ehlanganisiwe (ATN) ） 6-8 mg/L bese ucwilisa imbewu amahora angu-6, futhi i-diacetate 10-12 mg/ Lo mphumela ungafinyelelwa ngokucwilisa imbewu amahora angu-6.
2. Khuthaza i-rooting
Sebenzisa i-Pinsoa root king.Ingakhuthaza ukukhula nokuthuthukiswa kwezimpande, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlakulele izithombo ezinamandla.
3. Vimbela ukukhula ngokweqile esigabeni sezithombo
Ukuze uvimbele ukuthi izithombo zingakhuli zibe zinde kakhulu, yenza ama-internode abe mfishane, iziqu zibe mfushane, nezitshalo zibe mfishane futhi ziqine, okuzokwenza kube lula ukuhlukaniswa kwezimbali futhi ngaleyo ndlela ubeke isisekelo sokwandisa ukukhiqizwa esikhathini esizayo, okulandelayo: izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo zingasetshenziswa.
I-Chlorocholine chloride (CCC)
(1) Indlela yokufutha: Uma kunamaqabunga eqiniso angu-2-4, ukwelashwa kwesifutho esingu-300mg/L kungenza izithombo zibe zifushane futhi ziqine futhi kwandise isibalo sezimbali.
(2) Ukunisela izimpande: Lapho impande ikhula ngo-30-50cm ngemva kokutshala, nisela izimpande ngo-200mL ka-250mg/L Chlorocholine chloride (CCC) ngesitshalo ngasinye, okungavimbela ngokuphumelelayo izitshalo zikatamatisi ekukhuleni kakhulu.
(3) Ukucwiliswa kwezimpande: Ukucwiliswa kwezimpande nge-Chlorocholine chloride (CCC) 500mg/L imizuzu engu-20 ngaphambi kokutshala kungathuthukisa izinga lezithombo, kukhuthaze ukuhlukaniswa kwezimbali, futhi kusize ukuvuthwa kusenesikhathi kanye nesivuno esikhulu.
Sicela uqaphele lapho usebenzisa: I-Chlorocholine chloride (i-CCC) ayizilungele izithombo ezibuthakathaka nomhlabathi omncane; ukugxila akukwazi ukudlula 500mg/L.
Ngezithombo ezimile, ukufafaza kwe-foliar kwe-10-20mg/L paclobutrazol(Paclo) enamaqabunga eqiniso angama-5-6 kungalawula ngempumelelo ukukhula okunamandla, izithombo eziqinile futhi kukhuthaze ukuhluma kwe-axillary bud.
Qaphela lapho usebenzisa: Lawula ngokuqinile ukugxilisa ingqondo, fafaza kahle, futhi ungafafazi ngokuphindaphindiwe; vimbela uketshezi ukuthi lungangeni emhlabathini, gwema ukufaka izimpande, futhi uvimbele izinsalela emhlabathini.
4. Vimbela izimbali nezithelo ukuthi zingawi.
Ukuze uvimbele ukwehla kwezimbali nezithelo okubangelwa ukukhula kabi kwembali ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa eziphansi noma eziphakeme, lezi zilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo zingasetshenziswa:
I-Naphthylacetic acid(NAA) ifafazwe emaqabunga ngo-10 mg/L i-Naphthylacetic acid(NAA)
Inhlanganisela ye-sodium nitrophenolate(ATN) kufanele ifuthwe emaqabunga ngo-4-6mg/L
Ukwelashwa okungenhla kungavimbela ngempumelelo ukwehla kwezimbali nezithelo, kusheshise ukukhula kwezithelo, futhi kwandise isivuno masinyane.
5. Ukubambezela ukuguga futhi andise ukukhiqizwa
Ukuze ucindezele ukwehla kwezithombo kanye nokuvela kwe-anthracnose, ukubola kanye nezifo ezibangelwa amagciwane esigabeni sakamuva, tshala izithombo eziqinile, ukhuphule izinga lokumiswa kwezithelo phakathi nezigaba ezimaphakathi nezakamuva, ukhuphule ukwakheka kwezithelo nokukhiqizwa, ubambezele ukuguga. isitshalo, futhi sandise isikhathi sokuvuna, singelashwa ngalezi zilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ezilandelayo:
(DA-6)I-Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate : Sebenzisa u-10mg/L we-ethanol ngokufafaza ngamahlamvu esigabeni sezithombo, njalo ngo-667m⊃2; sebenzisa u-25-30kg woketshezi. Esigabeni sasensimini, u-12-15 mg/L we-DA-6 uzosetshenziselwa ukufafaza ngamaqabunga, njalo ngo-667m⊃2; I-50kg yesisombululo ingasetshenziswa, futhi isifutho sesibili singenziwa emva kwezinsuku ezingu-10, isidingo esiphelele sokufafaza oku-2.
I-Brassinolide: Sebenzisa i-0.01mg/L brassinolide ngokufafaza ngamahlamvu esigabeni sezithombo, njalo ngo-667m⊃2; sebenzisa u-25-30kg woketshezi. Esigabeni sasensimini, i-0.05 mg/L i-brassinolide isetshenziselwa ukufafaza ngamaqabunga, njalo ngama-667 m⊃2; sebenzisa i-50 kg yesisombululo, bese ufutha okwesibili njalo ezinsukwini ezingu-7-10, isamba sidinga izifutho ezi-2.
6.Thuthukisa ukuvuthwa kukatamatisi kusenesikhathi
I-Ethephon: I-Ethephon isetshenziswa kumatamatisi ngesikhathi sokuvuna ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvuthwa kwesithelo kusenesikhathi. Isetshenziswe kabanzi ekukhiqizeni futhi inemiphumela emangalisayo.
Akukona nje kuphela ukuthi kungavuthwa kusenesikhathi futhi kwandise isivuno sokuqala, kodwa futhi kuyazuzisa kakhulu ekuvuthweni kwamatamatisi akamuva.
Ukugcina nokucubungula izinhlobo zamatamatisi, ukuze kube lula ukucubungula okuphakathi, konke kungelashwa nge-ethephon, futhi okuqukethwe kwe-lycopene, ushukela, i-asidi, njll. kumatamatisi aphathwe nge-ethephon kufana nezithelo ezivuthiwe ezivamile.
Isetshenziswa kanjani:
(1) Indlela yokugcoba:
Lapho izithelo zikatamatisi sezizongena enkathini yokubala (utamatisi uphenduka ube mhlophe) kusukela esiteji esiluhlaza futhi esivuthiwe, ungasebenzisa ithawula elincane noma amagilavu we-gauze ukuze ungene ku-4000mg/L isisombululo se-ethephon, bese usifaka kutamatisi. izithelo. Vele usule noma uyithinte. Izithelo eziphathwe nge-ethephon zingavuthwa ezinsukwini ezingu-6-8 ngaphambili, futhi izithelo zizokhanya futhi zicwebezele.
(2) Indlela yokucwiliswa kwesithelo:
Uma utamatisi ongene enkathini yokufaka umbala ekhethiwe bese evuthwa, i-ethephon engu-2000 mg/L ingasetshenziswa ukufafaza izithelo noma ukucwilisa izithelo ngomzuzu ongu-1, bese ubeka utamatisi endaweni efudumele (22 - 25℃) noma ukuvuthwa kwangaphakathi, kodwa izithelo ezivuthiwe azikhanyi njengalezo ezitshalweni.
(3)Indlela yokufafaza isithelo sasensimini:
Kumatamatisi acutshungulwe ngesikhathi esisodwa, esikhathini sokukhula sekwephuzile, lapho izithelo eziningi seziphenduke zaba bomvu kodwa ezinye izithelo eziluhlaza azikwazi ukusetshenziselwa ukucubungula, ukuze kusheshiswe ukuvuthwa kwesithelo, isisombululo se-ethephon esingu-1000 mg/L singase sisetshenziswe. kufuthwe kuso sonke isitshalo ukuze kusheshiswe ukuvuthwa kwezithelo eziluhlaza.
Ukuze utamatisi wasekwindla noma utamatisi we-alpine ulinywe ngasekupheleni kwenkathi, izinga lokushisa liyehla kancane kancane ngesikhathi sokukhula sekwephuzile. Ukuze uvimbele isithwathwa, i-ethephon ingafuthwa ezitshalweni noma ezithelweni ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuvuthwa kwangaphambi kwesikhathi kwezithelo.
Okuthunyelwe kwakamuva
Izindaba Ezifakiwe
