Mabuɗin Dabarun Gudanarwa don Lokacin Furen Inabi: Haɓaka Haɓaka Kai tsaye da Inganci
Tsawon lokacin da ya tashi daga farkon furanni zuwa kumburin 'ya'yan itacen 'ya'yan itace ya zama muhimmin mataki a cikin sake zagayowar ci gaban innabi. Tasirin gudanarwa a wannan lokacin yana ƙayyade yawan amfanin gona da ingancin inabin da aka samar a cikin wannan shekara. Abubuwan fifiko na farko na gudanarwa na wannan lokacin an zayyana su a ƙasa:
A cikin sake zagayowar samar da innabi, tsawon lokaci daga farkon fure har zuwa kammalawarsa yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 4 zuwa 14 a cikin shekara ta al'ada, tare da yawancin lokuta suna faɗuwa cikin kewayon kwanaki 7 zuwa 12.
Abubuwan farko da ke shafar furen innabi da saitin 'ya'yan itace sun haɗa da zazzabi, zafi, yanayin fari, da iska. Matsayin furanni yana sanya manyan buƙatu akan zafin jiki; inabi suna fure sosai lokacin da yanayin iska ya wuce 25 ° C, tare da mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine 27.5 ° C. Akasin haka, idan yanayin iska ya faɗi ƙasa da 15 ° C, inabi ba zai iya yin fure kamar yadda aka saba ba, kuma za a hana hanyoyin hadi.
Mafi kyawun yanayin zafi a lokacin lokacin furanni shine 56%; yanayin da ya shafi yawan ruwan sama ko fari zai yi mummunan tasiri ga fure da pollination. Matsakaicin danshin ƙasa yakan haifar da furen farko, yayin da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙasa yana haifar da jinkirin fure. Iska wani muhimmin al'amari ne da ke shafar furanni; iska mai ƙarfi na da illa ga tsarin kuma yana iya ƙara faɗuwar fure.
A lokacin furannin innabi, lokacin kololuwar lokacin fure yana faruwa kowace rana tsakanin 6:00 na safe zuwa 11:00 na safe, tare da yin aiki mafi tsanani tsakanin 7:00 na safe zuwa 9:00 na safe. Lokacin da ke faruwa kwanaki 3 zuwa 5 bayan fure yana nuna kashi na farko na raguwar 'ya'yan itacen physiological. A lokacin furen innabi, ana amfani da adadi mai yawa na abubuwan gina jiki don tallafawa furanni, bambancin fure, da girma na harbe da ganye. Sakamakon haka, ana samun gasa mai tsanani don abubuwan gina jiki tsakanin ci gaban ciyayi (harbe da ganye) da haɓakar haifuwa (furanni da 'ya'yan itace) a wannan lokacin. Idan an karkatar da adadin abubuwan gina jiki marasa daidaituwa zuwa haɓakar sabbin harbe, barin abubuwan da ake buƙata na gina jiki don haɓakar haifuwa ba tare da cika su ba, zai iya haifar da raguwar toho mai mahimmanci kafin fure. Wannan saukarwar na iya ci gaba kamar yadda furen ke faɗuwa bayan fure, wanda hakan zai rage yawan saitin 'ya'yan itace. Bugu da ƙari kuma, idan matakan damshin ƙasa ya wuce gona da iri a lokacin lokacin furanni - wanda ke haifar da rashin isashshen iska - shanyewar abinci zai lalace, wanda kuma zai iya haifar da faɗuwar fure. Idan aka ba da takamaiman yanayi da halaye na ilimin kimiya na innabi, sarrafa samarwa a wannan lokacin ya kamata ya ba da fifikon mahimman abubuwan da ke gaba:
1. Karin Haki:
Don rage gasa don abubuwan gina jiki tsakanin ci gaban ciyayi da haifuwa a lokacin lokacin fure - kuma ta haka ne ya gamsar da buƙatun abinci mai gina jiki don furen fure da tsarin 'ya'yan itace - dole ne a yi amfani da ƙarin hadi kafin fure da bayan fure. Bugu da ƙari, ya kamata a fesa maganin 0.2%-0.3% na boric acid ko borax kafin fure don inganta haɓakar bututun pollen da haɓaka ƙimar saita 'ya'yan itace. A halin yanzu, ya kamata a mai da hankali sosai ga sarrafa itacen inabi don inganta samun iska da shigar haske a cikin gonar inabin. A lokacin furannin innabi, don kiyaye cin abinci mai gina jiki, aiwatar da ayyuka akan lokaci kamar daurin kurangar inabi, kawar da harbe-harbe na gefe, harbin harbe-harbe, ƙwanƙolin gungu, da cire gungu na biyu yana da mahimmanci.
2. Ƙarfafa Zazzabi da Kula da Humidity
Don 'ya'yan inabi da aka noma a cikin greenhouses, dole ne a kula da hankali sosai don sarrafa yanayin zafi da zafi na ciki. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka ƙimar ƙwayar pollen da tabbatar da ingantaccen ci gaba na pollination da hadi. Ka'idojin kula da yanayin zafi na greenhouse sune kamar haka: zafin rana ya kamata a kiyaye a kusan 28 ° C, yayin da zafin dare ya kamata a kiyaye tsakanin 16 ° C da 18 ° C. Game da kula da zafi: da zarar matakin fure ya fara, dole ne a dakatar da ban ruwa; Ya kamata a kiyaye yanayin zafi a cikin greenhouse a kusan 50%, kuma ana buƙatar samun iska akai-akai. Ga inabi da aka girma a cikin filayen buɗe ido, daidaitaccen sarrafa zafin jiki yana da wuya a cimma; duk da haka, ana iya sarrafa matakan danshi na ƙasa-ta hanyar matakai kamar sassauta ƙasa da rage zafi-don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai dacewa ga fure da yanayin 'ya'yan itace.
3. Ba da fifiko ga ɓangarorin ɓangarorin fulawa da gyaran fuska
Wannan ya zama ma'auni mai mahimmanci don daidaita yawan amfanin ƙasa bisa hankali da kuma tabbatar da cewa gungu na 'ya'yan itace iri ɗaya ne kuma suna da tsari sosai; don haka dole ne a aiwatar da shi cikin kulawa sosai.
4. Yi ƙarin Pollination na wucin gadi don nau'ikan ayyuka na mata
Yawancin nau'in innabi suna da furanni na hermaphroditic kuma suna iya samun hadi ta halitta. Duk da haka, nau'ikan aikin mata-saboda lalacewa na stamens - suna buƙatar ƙarin pollination don samun yawan amfanin ƙasa. Don haka, dole ne a ba da fifiko mai mahimmanci akan aikin ƙarin pollination na wucin gadi.
5. Aiwatar da Masu Gudanar da Ci gaban Shuka a Madaidaicin Lokaci don nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke buƙatar maganin rashin iri
Misali, ga nau'ikan da ke cikin zuriyar ''Jufeng'', dole ne a yi amfani da jiyya ta farko ta amfani da GA3 yayin lokacin furanni mafi girma, sannan a bi da magani na biyu na gungu na 'ya'yan itace bayan kwanaki 10 zuwa 15.
6. Kwari da Kula da Cututtuka
Kwanaki biyu zuwa hudu kafin farkon fure, ya zama dole a yi amfani da magungunan rigakafi da magungunan kashe kwari. Ya kamata a ba da fifiko wajen sarrafa kwari da cututtuka masu zuwa: Botrytis cinerea (Gray Mold), Anthracnose, Downy Mildew, Cluster Stem Blight, Clearwing Moths, da Scarab Beetles.
A cikin sake zagayowar samar da innabi, tsawon lokaci daga farkon fure har zuwa kammalawarsa yawanci yana ɗaukar kwanaki 4 zuwa 14 a cikin shekara ta al'ada, tare da yawancin lokuta suna faɗuwa cikin kewayon kwanaki 7 zuwa 12.
Abubuwan farko da ke shafar furen innabi da saitin 'ya'yan itace sun haɗa da zazzabi, zafi, yanayin fari, da iska. Matsayin furanni yana sanya manyan buƙatu akan zafin jiki; inabi suna fure sosai lokacin da yanayin iska ya wuce 25 ° C, tare da mafi kyawun zafin jiki shine 27.5 ° C. Akasin haka, idan yanayin iska ya faɗi ƙasa da 15 ° C, inabi ba zai iya yin fure kamar yadda aka saba ba, kuma za a hana hanyoyin hadi.
Mafi kyawun yanayin zafi a lokacin lokacin furanni shine 56%; yanayin da ya shafi yawan ruwan sama ko fari zai yi mummunan tasiri ga fure da pollination. Matsakaicin danshin ƙasa yakan haifar da furen farko, yayin da ƙarancin ƙarancin ƙasa yana haifar da jinkirin fure. Iska wani muhimmin al'amari ne da ke shafar furanni; iska mai ƙarfi na da illa ga tsarin kuma yana iya ƙara faɗuwar fure.
A lokacin furannin innabi, lokacin kololuwar lokacin fure yana faruwa kowace rana tsakanin 6:00 na safe zuwa 11:00 na safe, tare da yin aiki mafi tsanani tsakanin 7:00 na safe zuwa 9:00 na safe. Lokacin da ke faruwa kwanaki 3 zuwa 5 bayan fure yana nuna kashi na farko na raguwar 'ya'yan itacen physiological. A lokacin furen innabi, ana amfani da adadi mai yawa na abubuwan gina jiki don tallafawa furanni, bambancin fure, da girma na harbe da ganye. Sakamakon haka, ana samun gasa mai tsanani don abubuwan gina jiki tsakanin ci gaban ciyayi (harbe da ganye) da haɓakar haifuwa (furanni da 'ya'yan itace) a wannan lokacin. Idan an karkatar da adadin abubuwan gina jiki marasa daidaituwa zuwa haɓakar sabbin harbe, barin abubuwan da ake buƙata na gina jiki don haɓakar haifuwa ba tare da cika su ba, zai iya haifar da raguwar toho mai mahimmanci kafin fure. Wannan saukarwar na iya ci gaba kamar yadda furen ke faɗuwa bayan fure, wanda hakan zai rage yawan saitin 'ya'yan itace. Bugu da ƙari kuma, idan matakan damshin ƙasa ya wuce gona da iri a lokacin lokacin furanni - wanda ke haifar da rashin isashshen iska - shanyewar abinci zai lalace, wanda kuma zai iya haifar da faɗuwar fure. Idan aka ba da takamaiman yanayi da halaye na ilimin kimiya na innabi, sarrafa samarwa a wannan lokacin ya kamata ya ba da fifikon mahimman abubuwan da ke gaba:
1. Karin Haki:
Don rage gasa don abubuwan gina jiki tsakanin ci gaban ciyayi da haifuwa a lokacin lokacin fure - kuma ta haka ne ya gamsar da buƙatun abinci mai gina jiki don furen fure da tsarin 'ya'yan itace - dole ne a yi amfani da ƙarin hadi kafin fure da bayan fure. Bugu da ƙari, ya kamata a fesa maganin 0.2%-0.3% na boric acid ko borax kafin fure don inganta haɓakar bututun pollen da haɓaka ƙimar saita 'ya'yan itace. A halin yanzu, ya kamata a mai da hankali sosai ga sarrafa itacen inabi don inganta samun iska da shigar haske a cikin gonar inabin. A lokacin furannin innabi, don kiyaye cin abinci mai gina jiki, aiwatar da ayyuka akan lokaci kamar daurin kurangar inabi, kawar da harbe-harbe na gefe, harbin harbe-harbe, ƙwanƙolin gungu, da cire gungu na biyu yana da mahimmanci.
2. Ƙarfafa Zazzabi da Kula da Humidity
Don 'ya'yan inabi da aka noma a cikin greenhouses, dole ne a kula da hankali sosai don sarrafa yanayin zafi da zafi na ciki. Wannan yana da mahimmanci don haɓaka ƙimar ƙwayar pollen da tabbatar da ingantaccen ci gaba na pollination da hadi. Ka'idojin kula da yanayin zafi na greenhouse sune kamar haka: zafin rana ya kamata a kiyaye a kusan 28 ° C, yayin da zafin dare ya kamata a kiyaye tsakanin 16 ° C da 18 ° C. Game da kula da zafi: da zarar matakin fure ya fara, dole ne a dakatar da ban ruwa; Ya kamata a kiyaye yanayin zafi a cikin greenhouse a kusan 50%, kuma ana buƙatar samun iska akai-akai. Ga inabi da aka girma a cikin filayen buɗe ido, daidaitaccen sarrafa zafin jiki yana da wuya a cimma; duk da haka, ana iya sarrafa matakan danshi na ƙasa-ta hanyar matakai kamar sassauta ƙasa da rage zafi-don ƙirƙirar yanayi mai dacewa ga fure da yanayin 'ya'yan itace.
3. Ba da fifiko ga ɓangarorin ɓangarorin fulawa da gyaran fuska
Wannan ya zama ma'auni mai mahimmanci don daidaita yawan amfanin ƙasa bisa hankali da kuma tabbatar da cewa gungu na 'ya'yan itace iri ɗaya ne kuma suna da tsari sosai; don haka dole ne a aiwatar da shi cikin kulawa sosai.
4. Yi ƙarin Pollination na wucin gadi don nau'ikan ayyuka na mata
Yawancin nau'in innabi suna da furanni na hermaphroditic kuma suna iya samun hadi ta halitta. Duk da haka, nau'ikan aikin mata-saboda lalacewa na stamens - suna buƙatar ƙarin pollination don samun yawan amfanin ƙasa. Don haka, dole ne a ba da fifiko mai mahimmanci akan aikin ƙarin pollination na wucin gadi.
5. Aiwatar da Masu Gudanar da Ci gaban Shuka a Madaidaicin Lokaci don nau'ikan nau'ikan da ke buƙatar maganin rashin iri
Misali, ga nau'ikan da ke cikin zuriyar ''Jufeng'', dole ne a yi amfani da jiyya ta farko ta amfani da GA3 yayin lokacin furanni mafi girma, sannan a bi da magani na biyu na gungu na 'ya'yan itace bayan kwanaki 10 zuwa 15.
6. Kwari da Kula da Cututtuka
Kwanaki biyu zuwa hudu kafin farkon fure, ya zama dole a yi amfani da magungunan rigakafi da magungunan kashe kwari. Ya kamata a ba da fifiko wajen sarrafa kwari da cututtuka masu zuwa: Botrytis cinerea (Gray Mold), Anthracnose, Downy Mildew, Cluster Stem Blight, Clearwing Moths, da Scarab Beetles.
