Halaye na shinkafa a Indonesia kuma sun bada shawarar shinkafa shuka masu rikitarwa

Indonesia shine mai samar da shinkafa na uku, kuma namo namanta shinkafa yana da halaye masu zuwa:

Sikelin shuka da yawan amfanin ƙasa
Indonesiya tana da kimanin kadada miliyan 80 na ƙasa mai araha, tare da asusun shinkafa naming na kimanin kashi ɗaya cikin uku na wannan yankin. A cikin 2023, jimlar shinkafa ta Indonesiya ta kai tan miliyan 76, tare da matsakaiciyar yawan amfanin gona na tan 5.34 kowace kowace kadada. Koyaya, nau'ikan shinkafa da aka gabatar daga China sun sami tallafin Tons na 12.16 a kowace kadada a cikin mãkirci na gida.

Dasa yankuna da iri
An rarraba samarwa na Indonesiya da farko a tsibirin Java (Asusun 51.7% na sammatra, sulayra, da Kalimantan. Rice na al'ada shine nau'ikan nau'ikan iri ɗaya ne ke girma a cikin gida, tare da babban nauyin shinkafa sun mamaye kashi 3% na yankin. Koyaya, Indonesiya yana shigo da tan miliyan 3 na shinkafa kowace shekara don biyan buƙata.

Manufofin da kasuwanni
Gwamnatin Indonesiya ta shirya amince da abinci ta hanyar bunkasa kadada miliyan miliyan uku, inganta manyan tsaba, da kuma kayan aikin. A halin yanzu, farashin sayan shinkafa a Indonesia yana kan yuwuwar sayan 2023 don rigar shinkafa ta kiyasta a kilo 2.76-2.95 yuan a cikin kilogram.

Kalubale da dama
Indonesiya ya fuskanci kalubale, gami da yaduwar ƙasar noma da girma da abinci. Koyaya, tallafin fasahar shinkafa na kasar Sin (kamar nau'in inpago da nau'ikan inpari da inpari) na iya karuwa da 20% -50%. Gwamnatin Indonesiya ta karfafa gabatar da gabatarwar Sinanci mai inganci da kuma tallafawa ci gaban abubuwan samar da abubuwan da suka dace.

Yawancin lokaci shuka suna amfani da rikice-rikice a cikin noman shinkafa sun haɗa da gibberellic acid (Ga3), paclobutrazol (bs), brassinolide (brs), da prohexadion alli. Takamaiman shawarwari sune kamar haka:

Gibberellic acid (ga3)
A lokacin shuka da shuka dormancy student, zai iya karya seed dormancy, zai iya haddasa germination elong, karuwa da farashin germination, kuma gaptionpo fito lokacin da kwanaki 2-3. A shawarar da aka ba da shawarar don yin tsufa iri na tsufa shine 20-30 MG / l (soaking don 48-72 na sa'o'i), da 10 hours), awowi 24-32) don ƙananan-zazzabi.

Paclobutrazol (paclo)
Ana amfani dashi don sarrafa wuce kima girma, infihiit Invenode Elongation, gajarta tsayin kauri da 15%, da kuma inganta loding juriya da kashi 40%. Ashewar da aka ba da shawarar shine 40 g / aclobrazol 15% pacloburazol, fesa a lokacin ta'addanci ko booting mataki shinkafa.

Brassinolide (brs)
Yana inganta ɗaukar hoto da haɓaka juriya na wahala. 24-epibrassinolide can be applied as a foliar spray to enhance plant resistance; 28-hrobrarinode ya dace da albarkatu kamar masara da alkama don inganta girma.

Prohexaduone Calcium
Ana amfani dashi don sarrafa wuce kima mai yawa da hana yin shinkafa a cikin shinkafa, kuma rage tsawon sel, kuma gajarta tsawon lokacin ƙasar basal. Ragewar da aka ba da shawarar shine 15% Prohexaden Bodium 40 g / Mu, aka fesa a ƙarshen shinkafa har zuwa matakin.