Ukadaulo wa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi nkhani zofunika kuziganizira
1. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa masamba kumayenera kusiyanasiyana malinga ndi masamba
⑴ Zamasamba zamasamba.
Mwachitsanzo, kabichi, sipinachi, thumba la abusa, ndi zina zotero zimafuna nayitrogeni wambiri. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ayenera makamaka urea ndi ammonium sulphate. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndende urea ayenera 1-2%, ndi ammonium sulphate ayenera 1.5%. Utsi 2-4 pa nyengo, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa kukula.
⑵ Mavwende ndi masamba a zipatso.
Mwachitsanzo, tsabola, biringanya, tomato, nyemba ndi mavwende osiyanasiyana amafunikira nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu moyenera. Njira yosakanikirana ya nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu kapena feteleza wapawiri iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Utsi 1-2% urea ndi 0.3-0.4% potaziyamu dihydrogen mankwala osakaniza njira kapena 2% pawiri fetereza njira.
Nthawi zambiri, thirirani nthawi 1-2 kumayambiriro ndi mochedwa kukula. Kupopera mbewu mochedwa kumatha kupewa kukalamba msanga, kumawonjezera mphamvu, ndipo kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zochulukitsa zokolola.
⑶ Mizu ndi masamba a masamba.
Mwachitsanzo, adyo, anyezi, radish, mbatata ndi zomera zina zimafunikira phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Feteleza wa foliar amatha kusankhidwa kuchokera ku 0,3% potaziyamu dihydrogen phosphate solution ndi 10% ya phulusa lamatabwa. Nthawi zambiri, tsitsani katatu kapena kanayi pa nyengo kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino.
2. Nthawi yomwe fetereza wa masamba amafunikira:
① Mukakumana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa foliar ndikopindulitsa kumathandizira kukana matenda a zomera;
② Dothi likakhala la acidic, lamchere kapena mchere wambiri umakhala wochuluka kwambiri, zomwe sizingathandizire kuti mbewuyo imamwe michere;
③ nthawi yobala zipatso;
④ Chomera chikakumana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kapena kuwonongeka kwa chisanu, kusankha nthawi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa foliar ndikothandiza kuti muchepetse zizindikiro.
3. Nthawi yomwe sibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa masamba:
① Nthawi yamaluwa; maluwa ndi osakhwima komanso amatha kuwonongeka ndi feteleza;
② siteji ya mmera;
③ Kutentha kwambiri komanso nthawi yowala kwambiri masana.
4. Zosankha zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kulunjika
Pakalipano, pali mitundu yambiri ya feteleza wa foliar yomwe imagulitsidwa pamsika, makamaka kuphatikizapo nayitrogeni, phosphorous, michere ya potaziyamu, kufufuza zinthu, ma amino acid, humic acid, zowongolera kukula ndi mitundu ina.
Nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti: feteleza wa m'munsi akakhala wosakwanira, feteleza wa masamba omwe ali ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu angagwiritsidwe ntchito; feteleza wa m'munsi akakwana, feteleza wa masamba omwe ali ndi zinthu zina amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
5. Kusungunuka kwa feteleza wa masamba kuyenera kukhala kwabwino ndipo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito akamaliza kukonzekera
Popeza feteleza wa foliar amakonzedwa mwachindunji kukhala njira zopopera mankhwala, feteleza wa foliar ayenera kusungunuka m'madzi. Apo ayi, zinthu zosasungunuka mu foliar feteleza sizidzangotengedwa pambuyo popopera pamwamba pa mbewu, koma nthawi zina zimawononga masamba.
Maonekedwe a feteleza amapangitsa kuti zakudya zina ziwonongeke mosavuta, choncho feteleza wina wa masamba ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito atangokonzedwa ndipo sangathe kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali.
6. Kuchuluka kwa asidi wa feteleza wa masamba kuyenera kukhala koyenera
Zomera zimakhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana okhala pansi pa pH yosiyana. Kuti muwonjezere phindu la feteleza, payenera kukhala mulingo woyenera wa acidity, womwe umafunika pH ya 5-8. Ngati pH yamtengo wapatali kapena yotsika kwambiri, kuwonjezera pa kukhudza kuyamwa kwa michere, idzawononganso zomera.
7. Kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa masamba kuyenera kukhala koyenera
Popeza feteleza wa foliar amapopera mwachindunji pamasamba a gawo la pamwamba pa mbewu, kuwononga kwa zomera pa feteleza ndikochepa kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa foliar. Ngati ndende ndi yotsika kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimawonekera ku mbewu ndizochepa, ndipo zotsatira zake sizidziwikiratu; ngati ndende ndi yochuluka kwambiri, nthawi zambiri imawotcha masamba ndikuwononga feteleza.
Feteleza yemweyo wa masamba ali ndi milingo yopopera mankhwala mosiyanasiyana pa mbewu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi mtundu wa mbewu.
8. Nthawi yopopera feteleza wa masamba ikhale yoyenera
Zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa foliar zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kutentha, chinyezi, mphamvu ya mphepo, ndi zina zotero. Ndi bwino kusankha tsiku lopanda mphepo ndi mitambo kapena tsiku lokhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu komanso mpweya wochepa isanafike 9 koloko popopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Ndi bwino kupopera mbewu pambuyo pa 4pm. Ngati mvula igwa patatha maola atatu kapena anayi mutatha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, m'pofunika kupoperanso.
9. Sankhani malo oyenera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa
Masamba ndi mapesi a kumtunda, pakati ndi kumunsi kwa zomera zimakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za kagayidwe kachakudya, ndipo kuthekera kwawo kutenga zakudya kuchokera kunja kumasiyana kwambiri. M`pofunika kusankha yoyenera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa malo.
10. Kupopera mbewu pa nthawi yovuta kwambiri ya kukula kwa mbeu
Mbewu zimayamwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mosiyanasiyana pakukula kosiyanasiyana. Kuti muwonjezere phindu la feteleza wa foliar, nthawi yovuta kwambiri yopopera mbewu mankhwalawa iyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi kukula kwa mbewu zosiyanasiyana kuti mukwaniritse bwino.
Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya mayamwidwe a mizu ya mbewu za gramineous monga tirigu ndi mpunga zimafooketsa kumapeto kwa nthawi ya kukula. Umuna wa masamba ukhoza kuwonjezera zakudya ndikuwonjezera chiwerengero ndi kulemera kwa mbewu; kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa nthawi ya fruiting ya chivwende kumatha kuchepetsa kugwa kwa maluwa ndi zipatso ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso za chivwende.
11. Zowonjezera
Mukamapopera mankhwala a feteleza pamasamba, onjezerani zowonjezera zowonjezera kuti muwonjezere kuthirira kwa feteleza pamasamba ndikulimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa feteleza.
12. Phatikizani ndi umuna wa nthaka
Chifukwa mizu ili ndi njira yayikulu komanso yokwanira yoyamwa kuposa masamba, zimatsimikizirika kuti pakufunika feteleza wopitilira 10 wa masamba kuti akwaniritse kuchuluka kwa michere yomwe imamwedwa ndi mizu kuti ikhale ndi michere yambiri monga nayitrogeni, phosphorous, ndi potaziyamu. . Chifukwa chake, feteleza wa masamba sangalowe m'malo mwa umuna wa mbewu ndipo uyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi umuna wa mizu.
Kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa masamba omwe amathiridwa ndi ochepa, zotsatira zake zimakhala zachangu komanso zowonekera, ndipo kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumawonjezeka. Ndi njira yochepetsera komanso yothandiza pa umuna, makamaka kaphatikizidwe ka foliar ka zinthu zina ndizopadera kwambiri.
Komabe, tiyeneranso kuona kuti umuna wa masamba ndi wovuta kwambiri komanso wogwira ntchito. Zimakhudzidwanso mosavuta ndi nyengo. Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu ndi nthawi ya kukula, zotsatira za umuna wa foliar zimasiyana kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ukadaulo wa feteleza wa foliar pamaziko a umuna wa mizu kuti mupereke gawo la feteleza wa foliar pakuwonjezera kupanga ndi ndalama.
⑴ Zamasamba zamasamba.
Mwachitsanzo, kabichi, sipinachi, thumba la abusa, ndi zina zotero zimafuna nayitrogeni wambiri. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ayenera makamaka urea ndi ammonium sulphate. Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndende urea ayenera 1-2%, ndi ammonium sulphate ayenera 1.5%. Utsi 2-4 pa nyengo, makamaka kumayambiriro kwa kukula.
⑵ Mavwende ndi masamba a zipatso.
Mwachitsanzo, tsabola, biringanya, tomato, nyemba ndi mavwende osiyanasiyana amafunikira nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu moyenera. Njira yosakanikirana ya nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu kapena feteleza wapawiri iyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Utsi 1-2% urea ndi 0.3-0.4% potaziyamu dihydrogen mankwala osakaniza njira kapena 2% pawiri fetereza njira.
Nthawi zambiri, thirirani nthawi 1-2 kumayambiriro ndi mochedwa kukula. Kupopera mbewu mochedwa kumatha kupewa kukalamba msanga, kumawonjezera mphamvu, ndipo kumakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino zochulukitsa zokolola.
⑶ Mizu ndi masamba a masamba.
Mwachitsanzo, adyo, anyezi, radish, mbatata ndi zomera zina zimafunikira phosphorous ndi potaziyamu. Feteleza wa foliar amatha kusankhidwa kuchokera ku 0,3% potaziyamu dihydrogen phosphate solution ndi 10% ya phulusa lamatabwa. Nthawi zambiri, tsitsani katatu kapena kanayi pa nyengo kuti mupeze zotsatira zabwino.
2. Nthawi yomwe fetereza wa masamba amafunikira:
① Mukakumana ndi tizirombo ndi matenda, kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa foliar ndikopindulitsa kumathandizira kukana matenda a zomera;
② Dothi likakhala la acidic, lamchere kapena mchere wambiri umakhala wochuluka kwambiri, zomwe sizingathandizire kuti mbewuyo imamwe michere;
③ nthawi yobala zipatso;
④ Chomera chikakumana ndi kuwonongeka kwa mpweya, kuwonongeka kwa kutentha kapena kuwonongeka kwa chisanu, kusankha nthawi yoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa foliar ndikothandiza kuti muchepetse zizindikiro.
3. Nthawi yomwe sibwino kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa masamba:
① Nthawi yamaluwa; maluwa ndi osakhwima komanso amatha kuwonongeka ndi feteleza;
② siteji ya mmera;
③ Kutentha kwambiri komanso nthawi yowala kwambiri masana.
4. Zosankha zosiyanasiyana ziyenera kulunjika
Pakalipano, pali mitundu yambiri ya feteleza wa foliar yomwe imagulitsidwa pamsika, makamaka kuphatikizapo nayitrogeni, phosphorous, michere ya potaziyamu, kufufuza zinthu, ma amino acid, humic acid, zowongolera kukula ndi mitundu ina.
Nthawi zambiri amakhulupirira kuti: feteleza wa m'munsi akakhala wosakwanira, feteleza wa masamba omwe ali ndi nayitrogeni, phosphorous ndi potaziyamu angagwiritsidwe ntchito; feteleza wa m'munsi akakwana, feteleza wa masamba omwe ali ndi zinthu zina amatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito.
5. Kusungunuka kwa feteleza wa masamba kuyenera kukhala kwabwino ndipo ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito akamaliza kukonzekera
Popeza feteleza wa foliar amakonzedwa mwachindunji kukhala njira zopopera mankhwala, feteleza wa foliar ayenera kusungunuka m'madzi. Apo ayi, zinthu zosasungunuka mu foliar feteleza sizidzangotengedwa pambuyo popopera pamwamba pa mbewu, koma nthawi zina zimawononga masamba.
Maonekedwe a feteleza amapangitsa kuti zakudya zina ziwonongeke mosavuta, choncho feteleza wina wa masamba ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito atangokonzedwa ndipo sangathe kusungidwa kwa nthawi yaitali.
6. Kuchuluka kwa asidi wa feteleza wa masamba kuyenera kukhala koyenera
Zomera zimakhala ndi malo osiyanasiyana okhala pansi pa pH yosiyana. Kuti muwonjezere phindu la feteleza, payenera kukhala mulingo woyenera wa acidity, womwe umafunika pH ya 5-8. Ngati pH yamtengo wapatali kapena yotsika kwambiri, kuwonjezera pa kukhudza kuyamwa kwa michere, idzawononganso zomera.
7. Kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa masamba kuyenera kukhala koyenera
Popeza feteleza wa foliar amapopera mwachindunji pamasamba a gawo la pamwamba pa mbewu, kuwononga kwa zomera pa feteleza ndikochepa kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kudziwa kuchuluka kwa kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa kwa foliar. Ngati ndende ndi yotsika kwambiri, kuchuluka kwa zakudya zomwe zimawonekera ku mbewu ndizochepa, ndipo zotsatira zake sizidziwikiratu; ngati ndende ndi yochuluka kwambiri, nthawi zambiri imawotcha masamba ndikuwononga feteleza.
Feteleza yemweyo wa masamba ali ndi milingo yopopera mankhwala mosiyanasiyana pa mbewu zosiyanasiyana, zomwe ziyenera kutsimikiziridwa molingana ndi mtundu wa mbewu.
8. Nthawi yopopera feteleza wa masamba ikhale yoyenera
Zotsatira za kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa foliar zimagwirizana mwachindunji ndi kutentha, chinyezi, mphamvu ya mphepo, ndi zina zotero. Ndi bwino kusankha tsiku lopanda mphepo ndi mitambo kapena tsiku lokhala ndi chinyezi chachikulu komanso mpweya wochepa isanafike 9 koloko popopera mbewu mankhwalawa. Ndi bwino kupopera mbewu pambuyo pa 4pm. Ngati mvula igwa patatha maola atatu kapena anayi mutatha kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa, m'pofunika kupoperanso.
9. Sankhani malo oyenera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa
Masamba ndi mapesi a kumtunda, pakati ndi kumunsi kwa zomera zimakhala ndi ntchito zosiyanasiyana za kagayidwe kachakudya, ndipo kuthekera kwawo kutenga zakudya kuchokera kunja kumasiyana kwambiri. M`pofunika kusankha yoyenera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa malo.
10. Kupopera mbewu pa nthawi yovuta kwambiri ya kukula kwa mbeu
Mbewu zimayamwa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza mosiyanasiyana pakukula kosiyanasiyana. Kuti muwonjezere phindu la feteleza wa foliar, nthawi yovuta kwambiri yopopera mbewu mankhwalawa iyenera kusankhidwa molingana ndi kukula kwa mbewu zosiyanasiyana kuti mukwaniritse bwino.
Mwachitsanzo, mphamvu ya mayamwidwe a mizu ya mbewu za gramineous monga tirigu ndi mpunga zimafooketsa kumapeto kwa nthawi ya kukula. Umuna wa masamba ukhoza kuwonjezera zakudya ndikuwonjezera chiwerengero ndi kulemera kwa mbewu; kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa nthawi ya fruiting ya chivwende kumatha kuchepetsa kugwa kwa maluwa ndi zipatso ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso za chivwende.
11. Zowonjezera
Mukamapopera mankhwala a feteleza pamasamba, onjezerani zowonjezera zowonjezera kuti muwonjezere kuthirira kwa feteleza pamasamba ndikulimbikitsa kuyamwa kwa feteleza.
12. Phatikizani ndi umuna wa nthaka
Chifukwa mizu ili ndi njira yayikulu komanso yokwanira yoyamwa kuposa masamba, zimatsimikizirika kuti pakufunika feteleza wopitilira 10 wa masamba kuti akwaniritse kuchuluka kwa michere yomwe imamwedwa ndi mizu kuti ikhale ndi michere yambiri monga nayitrogeni, phosphorous, ndi potaziyamu. . Chifukwa chake, feteleza wa masamba sangalowe m'malo mwa umuna wa mbewu ndipo uyenera kuphatikizidwa ndi umuna wa mizu.
Kuchuluka kwa feteleza wa masamba omwe amathiridwa ndi ochepa, zotsatira zake zimakhala zachangu komanso zowonekera, ndipo kuchuluka kwa feteleza kumawonjezeka. Ndi njira yochepetsera komanso yothandiza pa umuna, makamaka kaphatikizidwe ka foliar ka zinthu zina ndizopadera kwambiri.
Komabe, tiyeneranso kuona kuti umuna wa masamba ndi wovuta kwambiri komanso wogwira ntchito. Zimakhudzidwanso mosavuta ndi nyengo. Chifukwa cha mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya mbewu ndi nthawi ya kukula, zotsatira za umuna wa foliar zimasiyana kwambiri.
Chifukwa chake, ndikofunikira kugwiritsa ntchito bwino ukadaulo wa feteleza wa foliar pamaziko a umuna wa mizu kuti mupereke gawo la feteleza wa foliar pakuwonjezera kupanga ndi ndalama.
Zolemba zaposachedwa
Nkhani Zowonetsedwa
