Mitundu ndi Njira Zogwirira Ntchito Zothandizira Wamba Pakusunga Maluwa ndi Zipatso mu Zamasamba

(I) Olamulira Kukula kwa Zomera

1. Zovuta

(2,4-D), 4-CPA. Mankhwalawa amagwira ntchito potengera ma auxins a zomera, motero amalimbikitsa kukula kwa ma cell ndi kugawikana, kupititsa patsogolo kagayidwe kake m'kati mwa ovary, ndikuyambitsa parthenocarpy (kupanga zipatso zopanda mbewu). 2,4-D imawonetsa zochitika zambiri zamoyo ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito pafupipafupi ngati masamba a solanaceous monga tomato ndi biringanya; Komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kuyenera kuyendetsedwa mosamalitsa (nthawi zambiri 10-20 mg/L kwa tomato), chifukwa kuchulukirachulukira kumatha kuyambitsa kuwonongeka kwa zipatso. 4-CPA amapereka apamwamba chitetezo mbiri ndi oyenera ntchito zosiyanasiyana zamasamba, kuphatikizapo tomato, nkhaka, ndi tsabola, amangoona pa ndende kuyambira 25 kuti 50 mg/L.

2. Gibberellins

Gibberellic Acid (GA3) imalimbikitsa kukula kwa ma cell ndikuphwanya kugona, motero kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa zipatso. Pakulima mphesa, kugwiritsa ntchito GA3 (50 mg/L) pa nthawi ya maluwa kumatha kulimbikitsa kukulitsa kwa mabulosi ndikuchepetsa tsinde lignification (kuuma kwa phesi la zipatso). Pakuti strawberries, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa GA3 (5-10 mg/L) pa maluwa siteji Iyamba Kuthamanga peduncle elongation ndi bwino pollination dzuwa.

3. Cytokinins

Zitsanzo zikuphatikizapo 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) ndi Forchlorfenuron (KT-30). Mankhwalawa amathandizira kugawanika kwa maselo, kuchedwetsa senescence, ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa maselo mkati mwa chipatsocho. Forchlorfenuron imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ku mavwende ndi mavwende, komwe imalimbikitsa kwambiri kukula kwa zipatso; komabe, kugwiritsa ntchito molakwika kungayambitse mosavuta malo opanda kanthu kapena zolakwika mkati mwa chipatsocho.


(II) Zakudya Zakudya

1. Feteleza wa Boron

Boron amatenga gawo lofunikira pakuphatikizika kwa zinthu za pectin mkati mwa makoma a cell ya mbewu ndikulimbikitsa kumera kwa mungu komanso kutalika kwa chubu. Kuperewera kwa boron kumayambitsa kusakula bwino kwa ziwalo zamaluwa komanso kuchepa kwa mungu m'masamba, zomwe zimayambitsa kugwa kwamaluwa ndi zipatso. Kupopera mankhwala a 0.1% -0.2% ya borax kapena boric acid pa nthawi ya maluwa kungathe kuonjezera chiwerengero cha zipatso za masamba monga tomato, nkhaka, ndi nyemba.

2. Manyowa a Calcium

Calcium imakhazikika pama cell membrane ndikuwonjezera kulimba kwa zipatso komanso kukana kupsinjika. Matenda a thupi—monga kuvunda kwa maluwa mu tomato ndi tsabola—amagwirizana kwambiri ndi kusowa kwa calcium. Kugwiritsa ntchito foliar kwa 0.3% -0.5% calcium chloride kapena calcium sugar alcohol solution pa nthawi ya fruiting kumatha kuteteza matenda otere ndikuwonjezera moyo wa alumali wa chipatso.

3. Feteleza wa Phosphorus ndi Potaziyamu

Phosphorous imathandizira kagayidwe kazakudya ndikuthandizira kusiyanitsa kwamaluwa; potaziyamu amathandizira kuti chomeracho chisamavutike kwambiri komanso kuti chizitha kunyamula katundu wa photosynthetic kupita ku chipatsocho. Kugwiritsa ntchito masamba a 0.2% -0.3% monopotaziyamu phosphate solution kumatha kupititsa patsogolo kutulutsa maluwa komanso kupanga zipatso zamasamba.


(III) Biostimulants

1. Zotulutsa Zamasamba

Zokhala ndi zinthu zambiri zogwira ntchito monga ma polysaccharides, ma phenolic mankhwala, ndi zowongolera kukula kwa mbewu, zowonjezera izi zimathandizira kukana kupsinjika kwa mbewu ndikulimbikitsa kusiyana kwa maluwa ndikukula kwa zipatso. Kafukufuku wasonyeza kuti kugwiritsa ntchito feteleza wa foliar wokhala ndi alginic acid panthawi ya maluwa a nkhaka kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa zipatso ndi 15% -20%.

2. Ma Humic Acids

Mankhwalawa amathandizira kuti dothi likhale lolimba, limalimbikitsa kukula kwa mizu, komanso kuti chomeracho chizitha kutenga michere. Kuphatikiza apo, ma humic acid amawongolera kuchuluka kwa mahomoni amtundu wamtundu, potero amawongolera kusungidwa kwa maluwa ndi zipatso muzomera zamasamba.