Kugwiritsa Ntchito Zowongolera Kukula kwa Zomera pa Zamasamba: Mbeu

1. Nyemba Zobiriwira

Kupititsa patsogolo Kumera
Pofuna kufulumizitsa kumera kwa mbeu ndi kumeretsa—potero kuonetsetsa kuti mbande zikufanana ndi zolimba—mbewu imatha kuviikidwa kwa maola 6 mu imodzi mwa njira zotsatirazi: Gibberellic Acid pa 200–300 mg/L, sodium nitrophenolates pa 6–8 mg//Amino aminoate, kapena Dixaethyl aminoate 10-12 mg/L. Njira zonse zitatu zimakwaniritsa izi.

Kuyang'anira M'nyengo Yophukira ndi Kukula

Nyemba zobiriwira nthawi zambiri sizifuna kulima pabedi la nazale; m'malo mwake, amafesedwa mwachindunji kutchire. Kuphatikiza apo, njira zogwiritsira ntchito zowongolera zakukula kwa mbewu - kuyambira nthawi yakumera mpaka kukula kwapakati mpaka kumapeto - ndizogwirizana, monga tafotokozera pansipa:

Sodium nitrophenolates
Ikani sodium nitrophenolates pa ndende ya 6 mg/L, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pafupifupi masiku 10 aliwonse, kuyambira pa tsamba lenileni. Mankhwalawa amatha kupititsa patsogolo nthawi yokolola nyemba ndi masiku 8-10 ndikuwonjezera zokolola pafupifupi 30%.

Diethyl aminoethyl hexanoate (DA-6)
Ikani DA-6 pamlingo wa 5-15 mg/L, kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa pafupifupi masiku 10 aliwonse, kuyambira pa tsamba lenileni. Mankhwalawa atha kupititsa patsogolo nthawi yokolola nyemba zobiriwira ndi masiku 3-5 pomwe nthawi imodzi imachedwetsa kumera ndi kukulitsa nthawi yokolola, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti zokolola ziwonjezeke ndi 55% -60%.

Triacontanol
Ikani Triacontanol pamlingo wa 0.5 mg/L popopera mbewu mankhwalawa kumayambiriro kwa maluwa. Izi zimathandizira kupanga ma pod. Ntchito yachiwiri iyenera kuchitidwa patatha masiku 7-10; palimodzi, ntchito 2-3 ndizovomerezeka. Dongosololi litha kukulitsa zokolola za nyemba zobiriwira pafupifupi 10%, zomwe zimakhudza kwambiri kupanga nyengo yoyambirira.

Mfundo Zofunika Kagwiritsidwe Ntchito: Nthawi yabwino yobzala nyemba zobiriwira ndi kumayambiriro kwa maluwa, chifukwa izi zimathandiza kwambiri kuti maluwa asungidwe komanso kupangika kwa nyemba zobiriwira. Ngati agwiritsidwa ntchito mochedwa kwambiri kapena mochedwa kwambiri, zotsatira zake sizingatchulidwe monga momwe zimakhalira pa nthawi ya maluwa. Triacontanol imagwirizana ndi mankhwala ophera tizilombo ndi kufufuza zinthu; makamaka, mphamvu yake imakulitsidwanso ikasakanizidwa ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito pamodzi ndi Monopotassium Phosphate (KH₂PO₄).

2. Cowpea (Vigna unguiculata)

Kulimbikitsa Kumera kwa Mbewu

Brassinolide (BR)
Kuviika njere mu 0.01–0.05 mg/L Brassinolide solution kwa maola 10 kukhoza kuonjezera kutengedwa kwa okosijeni mu njere ndi kulimbikitsa kumera.

Humic Acid
Kuyika njere mu 10-50 mg/L ya Humic Acid kwa maola 12 kungathandize kumera.

Sodium nitrophenolates
Kuyika njere mu 3–6 mg/L ya sodium Nitrophenolates kwa maola 12 kumalimbikitsa kumera.

DA-6
Kuviika njere mu 10-15 mg/L DA-6 yankho kwa maola 12 kumalimbikitsa kumera.

Kuchulukitsa Zokolola
Triacontanol
Kuchiza mbewu za chimanga ndi Triacontanol kumatha kukulitsa kuchuluka kwa ma pod. Izi ndizopindulitsa makamaka m'nyengo ya masika, pamene kutentha kochepa nthawi zambiri kumalepheretsa mapangidwe a pod; M'mikhalidwe yotereyi, chithandizo cha Triacontanol chikhoza kulimbikitsa kwambiri kuchuluka kwa ma pod, kupititsa patsogolo zokolola zoyamba komanso kuchulukitsa kubwerera kwachuma. Popopera mbewu mankhwalawa 0.5 mg/L njira ya Triacontanol kamodzi pakangoyamba maluwa komansonso ikangoyamba kumene, zokolola za chimanga zitha kuonjezedwa ndi 12%. Ntchitoyi imaphatikizapo kupopera mbewu yonse ndi 0.5 mg/L Triacontanol pa nthawi yophukira koyambirira komanso koyambirira kwa poto.

DA-6
DA-6 imawonjezera photosynthesis, imachulukitsa chlorophyll, imathandizira kuti mbewuyo itenge CO₂, imayang'anira chiŵerengero cha carbon-to-nitrogen (C/N) cha zomera, ndikuthandizira kupirira matenda a masamba onse ndi zomera zonse, zomwe zimabweretsa kukula kwakukulu. M'nyengo ya kukula, kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala a foliar a 10-12 mg/L DA-6 pakadutsa masiku 15-pazonse za 2 mpaka 3 - akhoza kuonjezera zokolola zoposa 20%.

Kuteteza Pambuyo pa Kukolola
2,4-D:Kuchiza nyemba za nyemba zokololedwa ndi 10–20 mg/L njira ya 2,4-D kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa timadzi tambiri timene timakhala tambirimbiri IAA mkati mwa makoko pomwe mukuchepetsa ntchito ya peroxidase. Kuphatikiza apo, mankhwalawa amalepheretsa pang'ono kusamutsidwa kwa zakudya kuchokera ku makoma a poto kupita ku njere zomwe zikukula komanso kuchedwetsa kuwonongeka kwa chlorophyll mkati mwa makoko, motero kumakulitsa moyo wa alumali pambuyo pokolola.

3. Nyemba Zotakata

Pakukula ndi kukula kwa nyemba zazikuluzikulu, kugwiritsa ntchito moyenera zowongolera zakukula kwa zomera zotsika kwambiri sikumangolimbikitsa kukula ndi chitukuko komanso kulepheretsa maluwa ndi ma pod abscission, kumalepheretsa kulamulira kwa apical, komanso kumawonjezera kuzizira kwa mmera ndi kukana malo ogona, potero kukwaniritsa cholinga chochulukitsa zokolola.

Kupewa Abscission
Sodium 1-Naphthyl Acetic Acid (Na-NAA)
Kupopera-popera mankhwala osakaniza a 10 mg/L Na-NAA ndi 1000 mg/L boric acid pamalo pomwe masamba, maluwa, kapena makoko akudutsa kwambiri amatha kuchepetsa kukhetsa ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa makoko opangidwa. Potsatira kugwiritsa ntchito, zokolola zamtundu umodzi zimawonjezeka ndi 15-20 kg, ndipo kukhwima kumakula ndi masiku 5-7; Izi ndi njira yosavuta, yothandiza, yotsika mtengo, komanso yothandiza poonjezera zokolola. Nthawi yoyenera kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa ndi masiku a mvula kapena madzulo masiku adzuwa; popopera mbewu zonse, ndi bwino kuloza kutsitsi kumunsi kwa masamba.

Kuchulukitsa Zokolola
Paclobutrazol (Paclo)
Kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa 200–300 mg/L Paclobutrazol (Paclo) nthawi ya nyemba yotakata ikayamba kuphuka mpaka pachimake kumapangitsa kuti zokolola zichuluke. Malinga ndi kafukufuku wopangidwa ndi mabungwe oyenerera, kugwiritsa ntchito Paclobutrazol kumatha kulimbikitsa zokolola ndi 18,5%; Pambuyo pobzala, kutalika kwa mbewu kumatsika pafupifupi 15 cm, makulidwe a nthambi amawonjezeka ndi 21.2%, ndipo kuchuluka kwa nyemba zambewu kumawonjezeka ndi 12.6%.

Ponena za njira zogwiritsira ntchito, chisamaliro choyenera chiyenera kuperekedwa pa nthawi; kupopera mbewu mankhwalawa mochedwa kapena mochedwa kungasokoneze mphamvu ya mankhwalawa. Kwa minda yomwe ikuwonetsa kusakula bwino, mankhwalawa ayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mochepera kapena kupewedwa kwathunthu; Kumbali ina, m'minda yomwe ikuwonetsa chizolowezi chogona, ndende imatha kuonjezedwa mpaka 400 mg/L. Kuphatikiza apo, alimi akatha kubzala, sayenera kulekerera feteleza ndi madzi, ngakhale masamba amawoneka obiriwira kwambiri, chifukwa ndikofunikira kusunga chinyezi moyenera komanso moyenera.

Sodium nitrophenolates
Kuthira yankho la 6–9 mg/L Sodium Nitrophenolates kamodzi pa nthawi ya mbande, pa siteji ya pachimake, ndi kuyika mdulidwe wa nyemba zazikulu kungathe kulimbitsa mbande ndikuonjezera zokolola.