Bio iratera imbaraga - igisubizo cyiza kubibazo bya abiotic no kunoza umusaruro wibihingwa
Kubera imihindagurikire y'ikiruhuko ikomeje, ikirere n'ibihe byarushijeho kuba bitateganijwe, akenshi biganisha ku gihombo cy'ibihingwa. Imibare irerekana ko 60% kuri 80% byibihingwa bitanga umusaruro biterwa no guhangayika bya abiotic; Umusaruro wibihingwa uri hejuru mumyaka myiza nigihe gito mumyaka mike. Bio-imbaraga zirashobora gukemura neza ibibazo byatanzwe na abiotititike.
1. Bio-imbaraga
Bio-imbaraga ni ibyiciro bya hamwe na / cyangwa mikorobe ya mikoroguro, iyo ushyizwe mubikorwa bya physiologie mubihingwa, bitera intungamubiri zidasanzwe, imikoreshereze yintungamubiri, ubwenge bwa abiotic. Ingaruka zabo zigenga ibintu byintungamubiri.
Kugeza ubu, ubushishozi buzwi cyane bwibimera-imbaraga zigwa mubyiciro bine byingenzi: Gukuramo ibihingwa (algae nibisohokamirimo, porotepyine, na poroteptides yubusa, hamwe nubuzima bwubusa kandi bwuzuye. Amashyirahamwe amwe akubiyemo kandi chitosan na mabuye.
Aya bio-imbaraga zifite porogaramu eshatu zingenzi, ukurikije ingaruka zihariye nuburyo bwimikorere: spray ya foliar, gutunganya imbuto, cyangwa gusaba ubutaka.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko bio-imbaraga zidasanzwe ntabwo zishinzwe kwicara ibihingwa cyangwa imiti yica udukoko, cyangwa ngo zifumbire. Ntibashobora gusimbuza burundu abahuza ibinyabuzima, imiti yica udukoko, cyangwa ifumbire; Nibintu biri hagati:
Ntabwo ari ibihingwa bitera abahangange, ariko barashobora gushira igihingwa cyo kubyara imisemburo ya endogenous, yongerera imihangayiko yacyo;
Ntabwo ari fungiside, ariko barashobora kwigana ibihingwa byo kurwanya ibihimba, bagiteri, no kwanga;
Ntabwo ari ifumbire, ariko barashobora kunoza cyane kwinjiza no gukoresha ifumbire kubihingwa, bikaviramo umusaruro mwinshi hamwe nubuziranenge bwiza.
Nibintu byiza cyane biranga bio-imbaraga.
2. Gukoresha bio-imbaraga
Bio-imbaraga zirashobora gukemura ibibazo bya abiotique bivuga ko imiti yica ucamo ibice n'ifumbire idashobora gukemura. None, nigute ibishobora gukoreshwa neza kandi neza?
Twahoraga dushimangira ko gusaba imiti yica udukoko twabinyabuzima bigomba kwibanda ku gukumira, guhindagurika bidasubirwaho muburyo budakwiye. Ni nako bigenda kuri bio-imbaraga. Turashobora kugabanya imikoreshereze ya bio-imbaraga mubyiciro bitatu: gukumira, gufatana, no kuvurwa. .
.
.
Intego nyamukuru ni ukuzamura intungamubiri zometseho imbaraga no guhangayikishwa no guhangayikishwa no gutezimbere ibidukikije cyangwa kuzamura ibidukikije kandi bikomeza ibihingwa kandi bibafasha kurushaho guhangayikishwa no guhangayika. Ubu buryo kandi bugamije kugabanya gukoresha imiti yica udukoko no kugabanya ingaruka zica intege nke.
2.1 Mbere no mugihe cya Abiotic Stress - Kwirinda no Gusubiza Ibisubizo
(1) Gutunga imbuto
Gutera imbuto z'ingano n'inkombe y'ibigori muri 0.1 / l na 1.5 ml / l igisubizo cya biostimulant, kimwe, cyaviriyemo kunoza igipimo cyo kumera no kwemeranya ugereranije n'itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura.
(2) Gusaba mbere no kuvura ubutaka
Kuvomera hamwe na biostimulant byakoreshejwe kuri kaduiner nyuma yiminsi 21 nyuma yo guhinduranya. Mugihe cyo gusarura, ibisubizo byerekanwe ko paurifulayer-yavuwe yakoresheje sisitemu yumuzi wateje imbere, umusaruro mwinshi, hamwe no kwiyongera kwangiza ibintu 1.15, hamwe nibisanzwe byiyongera kuri hegitari
Gushyira mu bikorwa biostimulant bibanda kuri 0, 6, 12, na 25 kg / hm² kubirayi mugihe cy'amapfa yatinze kurwara umwuma no kunoza nimero ya tuber nubunini; 25 kg / hm² kwibandaho neza.
Amezi abiri nyuma yo gusaba bibiri bya biostimulant, ibihingwa by'ibitoki byerekanaga iterambere ryiza ugereranije n'itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura.
(3) gutera amababi
Ibimera by'ibirayi byaratewe na 4.5 l / hm² of biostimulant iminsi 5 mbere yo guhangayika. Ibimera byahuye n'iminsi 60 yo guhangayika bikonje (harimo ibirori 6 byoroheje, hamwe n'ubushyuhe buke bwa -3.6 ° C). Mugihe cyo gusarura, ibirayi bivugishije bikomokaho byerekanaga umusaruro mwinshi, ingano nini yigituba, nibindi byinshi.
Umwanzuro: Byaba byakoreshejwe binyuze mu kuvura imbuto, gusaba ubutaka, cyangwa gutera amababi, ibinyabuzima birashobora kugabanya ibyangiritse, no kugabanya igihombo, kandi bigagabanya igihombo cyatanga umusaruro mugihe cyo guhangayikishwa.
2.2 Nyuma yo guhangayikishwa na ABOTIC - Icyiciro cyo kuvura
Nyuma yo kwangiza ibiti by'ibigori bikura mu butaka bwa saline, gushyira mu bikorwa amababi ya 3 l l / ha ya biostimulant yakoreshejwe intoki. Mu gusarura, umusaruro wapimwe: ugereranije no kugenzura, ibigori bivurwa byari bifite amatwi menshi (23% maguka y'amatwi menshi) hamwe n'umusaruro wo hejuru.
Mu gihe cy'amapfa akomeye mu Burayi, ibihingwa by'ibirayi ku mirima bita Sisitemu yo kuhira barwaye amapfa. Ibipimo bitatu bya foliar ya 3 l l / ha ya biostimulant ubuzima bwiza bwakozwe, bikaviramo umusaruro mwinshi mugihe cyo gusarura.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko biostimukani ishobora kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa no guhangayika ku bihingwa. Isesengura ryibarurishamibare yamakuru yagutse yerekana ko ukoresheje ibinyabuzima mugihe cyo gukumira (mbere yo guhangayikishwa na abtotic) byongera umusaruro wa 17%, ugereranije na 11% mugihe cyo guhangayika na 8% gusa.
Kubwibyo, umwanzuro ni uko gukoresha biostimukani imbere ya abIotic stress (nkigipimo cyo gukumira) kirushijeho gukora neza. Ibi bingana inyungu za biostimukani kandi zigabanya ingaruka mbi zumusaruro wa abiotic ku gihingwa.
Ubushakashatsi bw'ingano nabwo bwemeje uyu mwanzuro. Ugereranije no kugenzura, gusaba ibinyabuzima nk'igipimo cyo gukumira ingano z'ingano ku ya 12,8%, mugihe cyo gusaba nyuma yibibazo byimihangayiko byongerewe gusa umusaruro 7.3%.
1. Bio-imbaraga
Bio-imbaraga ni ibyiciro bya hamwe na / cyangwa mikorobe ya mikoroguro, iyo ushyizwe mubikorwa bya physiologie mubihingwa, bitera intungamubiri zidasanzwe, imikoreshereze yintungamubiri, ubwenge bwa abiotic. Ingaruka zabo zigenga ibintu byintungamubiri.
Kugeza ubu, ubushishozi buzwi cyane bwibimera-imbaraga zigwa mubyiciro bine byingenzi: Gukuramo ibihingwa (algae nibisohokamirimo, porotepyine, na poroteptides yubusa, hamwe nubuzima bwubusa kandi bwuzuye. Amashyirahamwe amwe akubiyemo kandi chitosan na mabuye.
Aya bio-imbaraga zifite porogaramu eshatu zingenzi, ukurikije ingaruka zihariye nuburyo bwimikorere: spray ya foliar, gutunganya imbuto, cyangwa gusaba ubutaka.
Ni ngombwa kumenya ko bio-imbaraga zidasanzwe ntabwo zishinzwe kwicara ibihingwa cyangwa imiti yica udukoko, cyangwa ngo zifumbire. Ntibashobora gusimbuza burundu abahuza ibinyabuzima, imiti yica udukoko, cyangwa ifumbire; Nibintu biri hagati:
Ntabwo ari ibihingwa bitera abahangange, ariko barashobora gushira igihingwa cyo kubyara imisemburo ya endogenous, yongerera imihangayiko yacyo;
Ntabwo ari fungiside, ariko barashobora kwigana ibihingwa byo kurwanya ibihimba, bagiteri, no kwanga;
Ntabwo ari ifumbire, ariko barashobora kunoza cyane kwinjiza no gukoresha ifumbire kubihingwa, bikaviramo umusaruro mwinshi hamwe nubuziranenge bwiza.
Nibintu byiza cyane biranga bio-imbaraga.
2. Gukoresha bio-imbaraga
Bio-imbaraga zirashobora gukemura ibibazo bya abiotique bivuga ko imiti yica ucamo ibice n'ifumbire idashobora gukemura. None, nigute ibishobora gukoreshwa neza kandi neza?
Twahoraga dushimangira ko gusaba imiti yica udukoko twabinyabuzima bigomba kwibanda ku gukumira, guhindagurika bidasubirwaho muburyo budakwiye. Ni nako bigenda kuri bio-imbaraga. Turashobora kugabanya imikoreshereze ya bio-imbaraga mubyiciro bitatu: gukumira, gufatana, no kuvurwa. .
.
.
Intego nyamukuru ni ukuzamura intungamubiri zometseho imbaraga no guhangayikishwa no guhangayikishwa no gutezimbere ibidukikije cyangwa kuzamura ibidukikije kandi bikomeza ibihingwa kandi bibafasha kurushaho guhangayikishwa no guhangayika. Ubu buryo kandi bugamije kugabanya gukoresha imiti yica udukoko no kugabanya ingaruka zica intege nke.
2.1 Mbere no mugihe cya Abiotic Stress - Kwirinda no Gusubiza Ibisubizo
(1) Gutunga imbuto
Gutera imbuto z'ingano n'inkombe y'ibigori muri 0.1 / l na 1.5 ml / l igisubizo cya biostimulant, kimwe, cyaviriyemo kunoza igipimo cyo kumera no kwemeranya ugereranije n'itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura.
(2) Gusaba mbere no kuvura ubutaka
Kuvomera hamwe na biostimulant byakoreshejwe kuri kaduiner nyuma yiminsi 21 nyuma yo guhinduranya. Mugihe cyo gusarura, ibisubizo byerekanwe ko paurifulayer-yavuwe yakoresheje sisitemu yumuzi wateje imbere, umusaruro mwinshi, hamwe no kwiyongera kwangiza ibintu 1.15, hamwe nibisanzwe byiyongera kuri hegitari
Gushyira mu bikorwa biostimulant bibanda kuri 0, 6, 12, na 25 kg / hm² kubirayi mugihe cy'amapfa yatinze kurwara umwuma no kunoza nimero ya tuber nubunini; 25 kg / hm² kwibandaho neza.
Amezi abiri nyuma yo gusaba bibiri bya biostimulant, ibihingwa by'ibitoki byerekanaga iterambere ryiza ugereranije n'itsinda rishinzwe kugenzura.
(3) gutera amababi
Ibimera by'ibirayi byaratewe na 4.5 l / hm² of biostimulant iminsi 5 mbere yo guhangayika. Ibimera byahuye n'iminsi 60 yo guhangayika bikonje (harimo ibirori 6 byoroheje, hamwe n'ubushyuhe buke bwa -3.6 ° C). Mugihe cyo gusarura, ibirayi bivugishije bikomokaho byerekanaga umusaruro mwinshi, ingano nini yigituba, nibindi byinshi.
Umwanzuro: Byaba byakoreshejwe binyuze mu kuvura imbuto, gusaba ubutaka, cyangwa gutera amababi, ibinyabuzima birashobora kugabanya ibyangiritse, no kugabanya igihombo, kandi bigagabanya igihombo cyatanga umusaruro mugihe cyo guhangayikishwa.
2.2 Nyuma yo guhangayikishwa na ABOTIC - Icyiciro cyo kuvura
Nyuma yo kwangiza ibiti by'ibigori bikura mu butaka bwa saline, gushyira mu bikorwa amababi ya 3 l l / ha ya biostimulant yakoreshejwe intoki. Mu gusarura, umusaruro wapimwe: ugereranije no kugenzura, ibigori bivurwa byari bifite amatwi menshi (23% maguka y'amatwi menshi) hamwe n'umusaruro wo hejuru.
Mu gihe cy'amapfa akomeye mu Burayi, ibihingwa by'ibirayi ku mirima bita Sisitemu yo kuhira barwaye amapfa. Ibipimo bitatu bya foliar ya 3 l l / ha ya biostimulant ubuzima bwiza bwakozwe, bikaviramo umusaruro mwinshi mugihe cyo gusarura.
Ubu bushakashatsi bwerekana ko biostimukani ishobora kugabanya ingaruka ziterwa no guhangayika ku bihingwa. Isesengura ryibarurishamibare yamakuru yagutse yerekana ko ukoresheje ibinyabuzima mugihe cyo gukumira (mbere yo guhangayikishwa na abtotic) byongera umusaruro wa 17%, ugereranije na 11% mugihe cyo guhangayika na 8% gusa.
Kubwibyo, umwanzuro ni uko gukoresha biostimukani imbere ya abIotic stress (nkigipimo cyo gukumira) kirushijeho gukora neza. Ibi bingana inyungu za biostimukani kandi zigabanya ingaruka mbi zumusaruro wa abiotic ku gihingwa.
Ubushakashatsi bw'ingano nabwo bwemeje uyu mwanzuro. Ugereranije no kugenzura, gusaba ibinyabuzima nk'igipimo cyo gukumira ingano z'ingano ku ya 12,8%, mugihe cyo gusaba nyuma yibibazo byimihangayiko byongerewe gusa umusaruro 7.3%.
