Imikorere ya Brassinolide (BR)
Brassinolide (BR) ni uburyo bwagutse kandi bugenzura imikurire myiza. Yavumbuwe n’abahanga mu buhinzi b’abanyamerika mu 1970 maze yitwa brassinolide, brassinolide yitwa ubwoko bwa gatandatu bw’imisemburo y’ibimera kubera urugero rwayo ruto n'ingaruka nziza.
Brassinolide (BR) ikora iki?
Brassinolide (BR) itandukanye n’abandi bashinzwe kugenzura imikurire y’ibihingwa mu nzira imwe igamije kuzamura umusaruro w’ibihingwa no kuzamura ireme. Kurugero, ntabwo ifite imikorere ya physiologique ya auxin na cytokinin gusa, ahubwo ifite n'ubushobozi bwo kongera fotosintezeza no kugenzura ikwirakwizwa ryintungamubiri, guteza imbere ubwikorezi bwa karubone ya hydrata kuva kumuti no mumababi kugeza kubinyampeke, kunoza ibihingwa kurwanya ingaruka mbi zituruka hanze, kandi guteza imbere imikurire yintege nke zigihingwa. Kubwibyo, ifite imikoreshereze yagutse cyane kandi ifatika.
1. Kuryoshya no kurangi
Gukoresha Brassinolide (BR) birashobora kuryoshya ibisheke no kongera igipimo cyamababi y itabi yo murwego rwohejuru. Kubikoresha kuri citrus birashobora kunoza inenge nkuruhu rwinshi, imbuto zinkovu, imbuto zigoramye, hamwe na lignification biterwa no gutera gibberelline. Lychees, melon, nibindi bikoreshwa mubishyimbo, birashobora gutuma imbuto zihinduka, zigahindura isura, kongera igiciro cyo kugurisha no kongera amafaranga.
2. Gutinda amababi ya senescence
Igumana icyatsi igihe kirekire, ikomeza synthesis ya chlorophyll, igateza imbere fotosintezeza, kandi igatera ibara ryibabi kugirango ryimbitse kandi rihinduke icyatsi.
3. Guteza imbere indabyo no kubungabunga imbuto
Ikoreshwa mugihe cyindabyo nicyiciro cyimbuto zikiri nto, irashobora guteza imbere indabyo n'imbuto kandi ikarinda kugabanuka kwimbuto.
4. Guteza imbere kugabana selile no kwagura imbuto
Irashobora guteza imbere igabana ry'uturemangingo no guteza imbere gukura gutambitse no guhagarikwa kw'ingingo, bityo bikagura imbuto.
5. Ongera ibicuruzwa
Kurenga ku isonga no guteza imbere kumera kw'ibiti byuruhande bishobora kwinjira mu gutandukanya amashami, guteza imbere amashami y’uruhande, kongera amashami, kongera umubare w’indabyo, kuzamura ifumbire mvaruganda, bityo kongera imbuto no kongera umusaruro .
6. Kunoza ubucuruzi bwibihingwa
Itera parthenocarpy, irinda indabyo n'imbuto kugabanuka, iteza intungamubiri za poroteyine, kongera isukari, kuzamura ubwiza bw’ibihingwa, no kuzamura isoko.
7. Kugenzura no kuringaniza imirire
Brassinolide (BR) ntabwo ari ifumbire y amababi kandi ntigira ingaruka zintungamubiri, kubwibyo rero kuvanga ifumbire y amababi wongeyeho brassinolide bifite akamaro kanini. Ifumbire mvaruganda irashobora kuzuza intungamubiri z’ibimera, ariko ntabwo ifite ubushobozi bwo kuringaniza no kugenzura ubwikorezi bwintungamubiri; Brassinolide (BR) irashobora gutwara intungamubiri muburyo buringaniye, bigatuma intungamubiri ziyobora, kugirango imikurire y’ibimera n’imyororokere y’ibihingwa ibone intungamubiri zifatika.
8. Guhindura no kongera imikorere, kugarura vuba vuba
Fungicide irashobora guhagarika indwara gusa ariko ntigire ingaruka nke mukugarura imikurire yibihingwa. Brassinolide irashobora kuringaniza intungamubiri, igatera imizi, kandi igatera fotosintezeza. Kubwibyo, iyo fungicide ivanze na brassinoide, ibyiza byabo biruzuzanya. Brassinolide (BR) ifasha mu kuvura indwara kandi igira ingaruka nziza mu kugarura no gukura.
9. Kurwanya ubukonje, kurwanya ubukonje, kurwanya amapfa no kurwanya indwara
Nyuma yuko Brassinolide (BR) yinjiye mu gihingwa, ntabwo yongera fotosintezeza gusa kandi igatera imbere no gutera imbere, ariko kandi igira ingaruka zidasanzwe zo kurinda sisitemu yibimera kugirango ibashe kwangiza ibidukikije. Irashobora kandi gukangura ibikorwa byimisemburo ikingira igihingwa, igabanya cyane ibintu byangiza. Kwangiza imikurire isanzwe yibimera no kunoza byimazeyo kurwanya ibihingwa.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku muceri, imyumbati, inyanya, itabi, n'ibindi, kandi ibisubizo ni:
1) Ubushyuhe buke:
Gutera Brassinolide (BR) birashobora kongera igipimo cyimbuto zubwoko bwumuceri 40.1% mugihe cy'ubushyuhe buke. Imikorere ya physiologique yo kunoza kwihanganira ubukonje bwumuceri igaragara cyane cyane mugutezimbere metabolisme yumubiri wumuceri no guteza imbere imikurire niterambere ryingingo zumuceri. Ibimera bivurwa na Brassinolide (BR) byateje imbere cyane ibipimo byo kurwanya ubukonje bwa physiologique mugihe cyibizamini bya 1 kugeza 5 ° C.
2) Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru:
Gukoresha Brassinolide (BR) birashobora kongera cyane amababi ya chlorophyll hamwe na proteyine, superoxide disutase (SOD) hamwe na peroxidase (POD) ibikorwa byumuceri wumva ubushyuhe.
3) Umunyu-alkali:
Imbuto zivuwe na Brassinolide (BR) zirashobora gukomeza umuvuduko mwinshi mumera ya mm 150 ya NaCl. Nyuma ya Brassinolide (BR) -ibihingwa bya sayiri byatewe muri 500 mmol NaCl mu masaha 24, isuzuma rya ultramicroscopique ryerekanye ko imiterere yamababi ya sayiri yarinzwe.
4) Amapfa:
Ibihingwa nka beterave isukari ivurwa na Brassinolide (BR) ikura neza kuruta itsinda rishinzwe kurwanya ibidukikije.
5) Kurwanya indwara:
Brassinolide (BR) irashobora kandi kugabanya ibyangijwe nindwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n’ibimera, urugero nk'umuceri wo mu bwoko bw'umuceri, imyumbati y'imyumbati hamwe n'inyanya bitinze. Ku bijyanye n'itabi, ntabwo riteza imbere ubwiyongere bw'itabi gusa, ahubwo rifite n'ingaruka zo kurwanya 70% ku ndwara ya mozayike y'itabi. Nibikorwa byiza byo gukumira no kuvura indwara ya mosaic y itabi. Kurwanya indwara yibimera bigengwa na genes yikimera ubwacyo. Nyamara, ester ya Brassinolide (BR) irashobora kugenzura byimazeyo imikorere ya physiologique na biohimiki yibihingwa, bityo bikagabanya indwara. Mugihe kimwe, nka hormone yibimera, Brassinolide (BR) irashobora gutera imbaraga zo kurwanya. Imvugo ya genes yindwara yongerera indwara ibimera.
10. Duteze imbere gukura kw'ingemwe
Iyo ikoreshejwe nk'ubuvuzi bw'imbuto cyangwa igaterwa ku cyiciro cy'ingemwe, Brassinolide (BR) igira uruhare mu guteza imbere imizi.
11. Ingaruka zo kongera umusaruro
Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwerekana ko nyuma yo gukoresha brassinolide, umusaruro wumuceri ushobora kwiyongera 5.3% ~ 12,6%, umusaruro wibigori ushobora kwiyongera 6.3% ~ 20.2%, umusaruro wimbuto nimboga ushobora kwiyongera kuri 12,6% ~ 38.8%, umusaruro wibishyimbo urashobora kwiyongeraho 10.4% ~ 32,6%, naho umusaruro wibisheke urashobora kwiyongera 9.5% ~ 18.9% (ibirimo isukari byiyongera 0.5% ~ 1%).
12. Kugabanya ingaruka mbi zibiyobyabwenge
Imiti yica ibyatsi, gukoresha nabi imiti yica udukoko twangiza udukoko, cyangwa ibipimo bidakwiriye bishobora gutera phytotoxicity. Gukoresha igihe cya Brassinolide (BR) hiyongereyeho ifumbire mvaruganda yo mu rwego rwo hejuru irashobora kugenga ubwikorezi bwintungamubiri, kongera imirire, no kugabanya ibyangiritse ku bihingwa biterwa no gukoresha nabi imiti yangiza, kwihutisha kugarura no gukura.
Brassinolide (BR) ikora iki?
Brassinolide (BR) itandukanye n’abandi bashinzwe kugenzura imikurire y’ibihingwa mu nzira imwe igamije kuzamura umusaruro w’ibihingwa no kuzamura ireme. Kurugero, ntabwo ifite imikorere ya physiologique ya auxin na cytokinin gusa, ahubwo ifite n'ubushobozi bwo kongera fotosintezeza no kugenzura ikwirakwizwa ryintungamubiri, guteza imbere ubwikorezi bwa karubone ya hydrata kuva kumuti no mumababi kugeza kubinyampeke, kunoza ibihingwa kurwanya ingaruka mbi zituruka hanze, kandi guteza imbere imikurire yintege nke zigihingwa. Kubwibyo, ifite imikoreshereze yagutse cyane kandi ifatika.
1. Kuryoshya no kurangi
Gukoresha Brassinolide (BR) birashobora kuryoshya ibisheke no kongera igipimo cyamababi y itabi yo murwego rwohejuru. Kubikoresha kuri citrus birashobora kunoza inenge nkuruhu rwinshi, imbuto zinkovu, imbuto zigoramye, hamwe na lignification biterwa no gutera gibberelline. Lychees, melon, nibindi bikoreshwa mubishyimbo, birashobora gutuma imbuto zihinduka, zigahindura isura, kongera igiciro cyo kugurisha no kongera amafaranga.
2. Gutinda amababi ya senescence
Igumana icyatsi igihe kirekire, ikomeza synthesis ya chlorophyll, igateza imbere fotosintezeza, kandi igatera ibara ryibabi kugirango ryimbitse kandi rihinduke icyatsi.
3. Guteza imbere indabyo no kubungabunga imbuto
Ikoreshwa mugihe cyindabyo nicyiciro cyimbuto zikiri nto, irashobora guteza imbere indabyo n'imbuto kandi ikarinda kugabanuka kwimbuto.
4. Guteza imbere kugabana selile no kwagura imbuto
Irashobora guteza imbere igabana ry'uturemangingo no guteza imbere gukura gutambitse no guhagarikwa kw'ingingo, bityo bikagura imbuto.
5. Ongera ibicuruzwa
Kurenga ku isonga no guteza imbere kumera kw'ibiti byuruhande bishobora kwinjira mu gutandukanya amashami, guteza imbere amashami y’uruhande, kongera amashami, kongera umubare w’indabyo, kuzamura ifumbire mvaruganda, bityo kongera imbuto no kongera umusaruro .
6. Kunoza ubucuruzi bwibihingwa
Itera parthenocarpy, irinda indabyo n'imbuto kugabanuka, iteza intungamubiri za poroteyine, kongera isukari, kuzamura ubwiza bw’ibihingwa, no kuzamura isoko.
7. Kugenzura no kuringaniza imirire
Brassinolide (BR) ntabwo ari ifumbire y amababi kandi ntigira ingaruka zintungamubiri, kubwibyo rero kuvanga ifumbire y amababi wongeyeho brassinolide bifite akamaro kanini. Ifumbire mvaruganda irashobora kuzuza intungamubiri z’ibimera, ariko ntabwo ifite ubushobozi bwo kuringaniza no kugenzura ubwikorezi bwintungamubiri; Brassinolide (BR) irashobora gutwara intungamubiri muburyo buringaniye, bigatuma intungamubiri ziyobora, kugirango imikurire y’ibimera n’imyororokere y’ibihingwa ibone intungamubiri zifatika.
8. Guhindura no kongera imikorere, kugarura vuba vuba
Fungicide irashobora guhagarika indwara gusa ariko ntigire ingaruka nke mukugarura imikurire yibihingwa. Brassinolide irashobora kuringaniza intungamubiri, igatera imizi, kandi igatera fotosintezeza. Kubwibyo, iyo fungicide ivanze na brassinoide, ibyiza byabo biruzuzanya. Brassinolide (BR) ifasha mu kuvura indwara kandi igira ingaruka nziza mu kugarura no gukura.
9. Kurwanya ubukonje, kurwanya ubukonje, kurwanya amapfa no kurwanya indwara
Nyuma yuko Brassinolide (BR) yinjiye mu gihingwa, ntabwo yongera fotosintezeza gusa kandi igatera imbere no gutera imbere, ariko kandi igira ingaruka zidasanzwe zo kurinda sisitemu yibimera kugirango ibashe kwangiza ibidukikije. Irashobora kandi gukangura ibikorwa byimisemburo ikingira igihingwa, igabanya cyane ibintu byangiza. Kwangiza imikurire isanzwe yibimera no kunoza byimazeyo kurwanya ibihingwa.
Ubushakashatsi bwakozwe ku muceri, imyumbati, inyanya, itabi, n'ibindi, kandi ibisubizo ni:
1) Ubushyuhe buke:
Gutera Brassinolide (BR) birashobora kongera igipimo cyimbuto zubwoko bwumuceri 40.1% mugihe cy'ubushyuhe buke. Imikorere ya physiologique yo kunoza kwihanganira ubukonje bwumuceri igaragara cyane cyane mugutezimbere metabolisme yumubiri wumuceri no guteza imbere imikurire niterambere ryingingo zumuceri. Ibimera bivurwa na Brassinolide (BR) byateje imbere cyane ibipimo byo kurwanya ubukonje bwa physiologique mugihe cyibizamini bya 1 kugeza 5 ° C.
2) Ubushyuhe bwo hejuru:
Gukoresha Brassinolide (BR) birashobora kongera cyane amababi ya chlorophyll hamwe na proteyine, superoxide disutase (SOD) hamwe na peroxidase (POD) ibikorwa byumuceri wumva ubushyuhe.
3) Umunyu-alkali:
Imbuto zivuwe na Brassinolide (BR) zirashobora gukomeza umuvuduko mwinshi mumera ya mm 150 ya NaCl. Nyuma ya Brassinolide (BR) -ibihingwa bya sayiri byatewe muri 500 mmol NaCl mu masaha 24, isuzuma rya ultramicroscopique ryerekanye ko imiterere yamababi ya sayiri yarinzwe.
4) Amapfa:
Ibihingwa nka beterave isukari ivurwa na Brassinolide (BR) ikura neza kuruta itsinda rishinzwe kurwanya ibidukikije.
5) Kurwanya indwara:
Brassinolide (BR) irashobora kandi kugabanya ibyangijwe nindwara zimwe na zimwe ziterwa n’ibimera, urugero nk'umuceri wo mu bwoko bw'umuceri, imyumbati y'imyumbati hamwe n'inyanya bitinze. Ku bijyanye n'itabi, ntabwo riteza imbere ubwiyongere bw'itabi gusa, ahubwo rifite n'ingaruka zo kurwanya 70% ku ndwara ya mozayike y'itabi. Nibikorwa byiza byo gukumira no kuvura indwara ya mosaic y itabi. Kurwanya indwara yibimera bigengwa na genes yikimera ubwacyo. Nyamara, ester ya Brassinolide (BR) irashobora kugenzura byimazeyo imikorere ya physiologique na biohimiki yibihingwa, bityo bikagabanya indwara. Mugihe kimwe, nka hormone yibimera, Brassinolide (BR) irashobora gutera imbaraga zo kurwanya. Imvugo ya genes yindwara yongerera indwara ibimera.
10. Duteze imbere gukura kw'ingemwe
Iyo ikoreshejwe nk'ubuvuzi bw'imbuto cyangwa igaterwa ku cyiciro cy'ingemwe, Brassinolide (BR) igira uruhare mu guteza imbere imizi.
11. Ingaruka zo kongera umusaruro
Ubushakashatsi bwa siyansi bwerekana ko nyuma yo gukoresha brassinolide, umusaruro wumuceri ushobora kwiyongera 5.3% ~ 12,6%, umusaruro wibigori ushobora kwiyongera 6.3% ~ 20.2%, umusaruro wimbuto nimboga ushobora kwiyongera kuri 12,6% ~ 38.8%, umusaruro wibishyimbo urashobora kwiyongeraho 10.4% ~ 32,6%, naho umusaruro wibisheke urashobora kwiyongera 9.5% ~ 18.9% (ibirimo isukari byiyongera 0.5% ~ 1%).
12. Kugabanya ingaruka mbi zibiyobyabwenge
Imiti yica ibyatsi, gukoresha nabi imiti yica udukoko twangiza udukoko, cyangwa ibipimo bidakwiriye bishobora gutera phytotoxicity. Gukoresha igihe cya Brassinolide (BR) hiyongereyeho ifumbire mvaruganda yo mu rwego rwo hejuru irashobora kugenga ubwikorezi bwintungamubiri, kongera imirire, no kugabanya ibyangiritse ku bihingwa biterwa no gukoresha nabi imiti yangiza, kwihutisha kugarura no gukura.
