Igenzura ryikura ryibimera ibisobanuro bigufi
Igenzura ryikura ryibimera (PGRs) ni ibihimbano bya chimique bihimbano bigira ingaruka zingirakamaro hamwe nuburyo bwimiti isa na hormone yibimera. Igenzura ryikura ryibihingwa biri mubyiciro byinshi byimiti yica udukoko kandi ni urwego rwimiti yica udukoko igenzura imikurire niterambere, harimo ibinyabuzima byunganirangingo bisa na hormone yibimera na hormone byakuwe mubinyabuzima.
Igenzura ryimikurire yikimera nikintu gishya gihimbano cyangwa gihingwa kugira ingaruka zisa na physiologique na biologiya kuri hormone yibimera. Mu rwego rwo kugenzura neza uburyo bwo gukura kw ibihingwa mu musaruro w’ubuhinzi, kuzamura ubwiza bw’ibihingwa, kongera imbaraga mu guhangana n’ibihingwa, guhagarika umusaruro no kongera umusaruro, nibindi.
Bimwe mubigenga imikurire yikimera birashobora kubyazwa nibihingwa mubihe bimwe na bimwe, ariko birashobora no kwinjizwa mubihingwa hakoreshejwe gutera. Igenzura ry'ikura ry'ibihingwa rigenga igabana ry'utugingo ngengabuzima, kurambura, ingirabuzimafatizo no gutandukanya ingingo, indabyo n'imbuto, gukura na senescence, gusinzira no kumera, kimwe cyangwa ku bufatanye, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku mikurire n'iterambere kugira ngo bigere ku ngaruka zifuzwa.
Igenzura ryikura ryibihingwa rishobora kugabanywa mubice bitatu ukurikije uruhare rwabo:
Icyiciro cya mbere ni abateza imbere ibihingwa.
Irashobora guteza imbere igabana ry'uturemangingo, gutandukanya no kurambura, guteza imbere imikurire y'ibimera no guteza imbere ingingo z'imyororokere, kurinda imbuto kugwa, guteza imizi no kumera, no gutera parthenocarpy. Uruhare rwo kugenzura rusa n'urwa auxins, cytokinine cyangwa gibberelline muri hormone y'ibimera ya endogenous. Iterambere rusange ry’ibihingwa birimo aside indole-3-acetike, aside indole-3-butyric, α-naphthylacetic aside, 6-BA, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic aside, na aside 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic.
Icyiciro cya kabiri ni ibimera bikura.
Irashobora kubuza imikurire yibihingwa apical meristem no kumera kwibihingwa, kuvanaho inyungu zidasanzwe no kongera amashami kuruhande, no kurandura ibyatsi bibi, nibindi. Imiti myinshi yica udukoko twica udukoko irashobora kandi gukora nk'ibibuza gukura iyo ikoreshejwe cyane. Ingaruka yo kugenzura isa na acide abcisic muri hormone yibimera. Inzitizi zikura zikura zirimo aside irike hydrazide, glyphosate, plastine, statin, statin, aside triiodobenzoic, nibindi.
Icyiciro cya gatatu ni ukudindiza imikurire.
Irashobora guhagarika imikurire yikimera-apical meristem kandi ikabuza kurambura interode itabujije imikurire yumuti wanyuma. Bituma igihingwa gikomera kandi kikabyimbye, kandi cyongera umubyimba hamwe na chlorophyll yibibabi. Kubera ko igenga cyane cyane synthesis ya gibberelline mu bimera, ingaruka zayo zirashobora kugarurwa ukoresheje gibberelline. Ibimera bikura bikura harimo: chlormequat, benzylamine, paclobutrazol, butyrohydrazide, uniconazole, trinexapac-ethyl, nibindi.
Nigute ushobora gukoresha ibimera bikura?
1. Igipimo cyikura ryikimera kigomba kuba gikwiye kandi ntigomba kongerwa uko bishakiye. Kongera igipimo cyangwa kwibanda kubushake ntibizananirwa guteza imbere imikurire yibihingwa gusa, ahubwo bizanabuza imikurire yikimera ndetse biganisha no kumera kwamababi, amababi yumye nurupfu rwigihingwa cyose.
2. Igenzura ryikura ryibimera ntirishobora kuvangwa uko bishakiye. Abahinzi benshi bakunze kuvanga ibimera bikura nizindi fumbire, imiti yica udukoko, na fungicide. Niba igenzura ry'ikura ry'ibihingwa rishobora kuvangwa n'ifumbire mvaruganda, imiti yica udukoko hamwe nibindi bikoresho bigomba kugenwa hakoreshejwe ibigeragezo inshuro nyinshi nyuma yo gusoma witonze amabwiriza. Bitabaye ibyo, ntibizananirwa guteza imbere ubukungu gusa cyangwa kurinda indabyo n'imbuto, ahubwo bizanangiza ibimera.
3. Igenzura ry'ikura ry'ibihingwa rigomba gukoreshwa mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro. Igenzura ryikura ryibimera rigomba gutegurwa mubisubizo byababyeyi hakiri kare, bitabaye ibyo bizagorana kuvanga agent kandi bizagira ingaruka kumikoreshereze. Igomba guhindurwa ukurikije amabwiriza mugihe uyikoresheje. Witondere ingamba zo kurinda mugihe uyikoresha.
4. Igenzura ryikura ryibimera ntirishobora gusimbuza ifumbire mvaruganda. Igenzura ryikura ryibimera rishobora kugira uruhare runini kandi ntirishobora gukoreshwa mu gusimbuza ifumbire. Ku bijyanye n’amazi n’ifumbire bidahagije, gutera imiti igabanya imikurire myinshi yangiza ibihingwa.
Ibyiza byo kugenzura ibihingwa
1. Igenzura ryikura ryibimera rifite ibikorwa byinshi nibikorwa. Urwego rwo gukoresha ibihingwa bikura bikubiyemo ibihingwa hafi ya byose byo hejuru no hepfo mu nganda zatewe, kandi bigenga fotosintezeza, guhumeka, kwinjiza ibintu hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa bwibimera, kwanduza ibimenyetso, gufungura no gufunga stomata, no kugenzura umuvuduko wa osmotic. , transpiration hamwe nibindi bikorwa bya physiologique, bityo bikagenzura imikurire niterambere ryibimera, kunoza imikoranire hagati y ibihingwa n’ibidukikije, kongera imbaraga zo guhangana n’ibihingwa, kongera umusaruro w’ibihingwa, no kuzamura ireme ry’ibikomoka ku buhinzi.
2. Igipimo ni gito, umuvuduko urihuta, kandi imikorere iri hejuru. Ibihingwa byinshi bigomba guterwa rimwe gusa mugihe cyagenwe mugihe runaka.
3. Irashobora gutandukanya ibyerekezo biranga imiterere yimiterere yimiterere yibimera.
4. Intego cyane kandi yabigize umwuga. Irashobora gukemura ibibazo bimwe bigoye gukemura nubundi buryo, nko gushinga imbuto zitagira imbuto.
Igenzura ryikura ryibihingwa Incamake
Ugereranije na tekinoroji gakondo yubuhinzi, ikoreshwa ryikura ryikura ryibihingwa rifite ibyiza byo kugiciro gito, ibisubizo byihuse, gukora neza, no kuzigama abakozi. Imikoreshereze yacyo yabaye imwe mu ngamba zingenzi mu buhinzi bugezweho. Igenzura ryikura ryibihingwa rikoreshwa cyane muguhingura ibihingwa ngandurarugo, ingano n’amavuta, imboga, ibiti byimbuto, ibihingwa by’indabyo, ibikoresho by’imiti y’abashinwa, hamwe n’ibihumyo biribwa. Ugereranije nindi miti yica udukoko n’ibicuruzwa byifumbire, bizamura ubwiza bwibihingwa byihuse kandi bifite umusaruro mwinshi.
Igenzura ry’ibihingwa bizagira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere cyangwa kugenzura imikurire y’ibihingwa, kongera imbaraga mu kurwanya ibihingwa, kongera umusaruro, kuzamura ubwiza bw’ibihingwa, n’ibindi, kandi bifasha umusaruro mwinshi kandi mwinshi mu buhinzi. Ivanze na fungicide, ifumbire mvaruganda, nibindi, kandi ni inkunga ikomeye yo guhuza amazi nifumbire.
Igenzura ryimikurire yikimera nikintu gishya gihimbano cyangwa gihingwa kugira ingaruka zisa na physiologique na biologiya kuri hormone yibimera. Mu rwego rwo kugenzura neza uburyo bwo gukura kw ibihingwa mu musaruro w’ubuhinzi, kuzamura ubwiza bw’ibihingwa, kongera imbaraga mu guhangana n’ibihingwa, guhagarika umusaruro no kongera umusaruro, nibindi.
Bimwe mubigenga imikurire yikimera birashobora kubyazwa nibihingwa mubihe bimwe na bimwe, ariko birashobora no kwinjizwa mubihingwa hakoreshejwe gutera. Igenzura ry'ikura ry'ibihingwa rigenga igabana ry'utugingo ngengabuzima, kurambura, ingirabuzimafatizo no gutandukanya ingingo, indabyo n'imbuto, gukura na senescence, gusinzira no kumera, kimwe cyangwa ku bufatanye, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku mikurire n'iterambere kugira ngo bigere ku ngaruka zifuzwa.
Igenzura ryikura ryibihingwa rishobora kugabanywa mubice bitatu ukurikije uruhare rwabo:
Icyiciro cya mbere ni abateza imbere ibihingwa.
Irashobora guteza imbere igabana ry'uturemangingo, gutandukanya no kurambura, guteza imbere imikurire y'ibimera no guteza imbere ingingo z'imyororokere, kurinda imbuto kugwa, guteza imizi no kumera, no gutera parthenocarpy. Uruhare rwo kugenzura rusa n'urwa auxins, cytokinine cyangwa gibberelline muri hormone y'ibimera ya endogenous. Iterambere rusange ry’ibihingwa birimo aside indole-3-acetike, aside indole-3-butyric, α-naphthylacetic aside, 6-BA, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic aside, na aside 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic.
Icyiciro cya kabiri ni ibimera bikura.
Irashobora kubuza imikurire yibihingwa apical meristem no kumera kwibihingwa, kuvanaho inyungu zidasanzwe no kongera amashami kuruhande, no kurandura ibyatsi bibi, nibindi. Imiti myinshi yica udukoko twica udukoko irashobora kandi gukora nk'ibibuza gukura iyo ikoreshejwe cyane. Ingaruka yo kugenzura isa na acide abcisic muri hormone yibimera. Inzitizi zikura zikura zirimo aside irike hydrazide, glyphosate, plastine, statin, statin, aside triiodobenzoic, nibindi.
Icyiciro cya gatatu ni ukudindiza imikurire.
Irashobora guhagarika imikurire yikimera-apical meristem kandi ikabuza kurambura interode itabujije imikurire yumuti wanyuma. Bituma igihingwa gikomera kandi kikabyimbye, kandi cyongera umubyimba hamwe na chlorophyll yibibabi. Kubera ko igenga cyane cyane synthesis ya gibberelline mu bimera, ingaruka zayo zirashobora kugarurwa ukoresheje gibberelline. Ibimera bikura bikura harimo: chlormequat, benzylamine, paclobutrazol, butyrohydrazide, uniconazole, trinexapac-ethyl, nibindi.
Nigute ushobora gukoresha ibimera bikura?
1. Igipimo cyikura ryikimera kigomba kuba gikwiye kandi ntigomba kongerwa uko bishakiye. Kongera igipimo cyangwa kwibanda kubushake ntibizananirwa guteza imbere imikurire yibihingwa gusa, ahubwo bizanabuza imikurire yikimera ndetse biganisha no kumera kwamababi, amababi yumye nurupfu rwigihingwa cyose.
2. Igenzura ryikura ryibimera ntirishobora kuvangwa uko bishakiye. Abahinzi benshi bakunze kuvanga ibimera bikura nizindi fumbire, imiti yica udukoko, na fungicide. Niba igenzura ry'ikura ry'ibihingwa rishobora kuvangwa n'ifumbire mvaruganda, imiti yica udukoko hamwe nibindi bikoresho bigomba kugenwa hakoreshejwe ibigeragezo inshuro nyinshi nyuma yo gusoma witonze amabwiriza. Bitabaye ibyo, ntibizananirwa guteza imbere ubukungu gusa cyangwa kurinda indabyo n'imbuto, ahubwo bizanangiza ibimera.
3. Igenzura ry'ikura ry'ibihingwa rigomba gukoreshwa mu buryo bushyize mu gaciro. Igenzura ryikura ryibimera rigomba gutegurwa mubisubizo byababyeyi hakiri kare, bitabaye ibyo bizagorana kuvanga agent kandi bizagira ingaruka kumikoreshereze. Igomba guhindurwa ukurikije amabwiriza mugihe uyikoresheje. Witondere ingamba zo kurinda mugihe uyikoresha.
4. Igenzura ryikura ryibimera ntirishobora gusimbuza ifumbire mvaruganda. Igenzura ryikura ryibimera rishobora kugira uruhare runini kandi ntirishobora gukoreshwa mu gusimbuza ifumbire. Ku bijyanye n’amazi n’ifumbire bidahagije, gutera imiti igabanya imikurire myinshi yangiza ibihingwa.
Ibyiza byo kugenzura ibihingwa
1. Igenzura ryikura ryibimera rifite ibikorwa byinshi nibikorwa. Urwego rwo gukoresha ibihingwa bikura bikubiyemo ibihingwa hafi ya byose byo hejuru no hepfo mu nganda zatewe, kandi bigenga fotosintezeza, guhumeka, kwinjiza ibintu hamwe nuburyo bukoreshwa bwibimera, kwanduza ibimenyetso, gufungura no gufunga stomata, no kugenzura umuvuduko wa osmotic. , transpiration hamwe nibindi bikorwa bya physiologique, bityo bikagenzura imikurire niterambere ryibimera, kunoza imikoranire hagati y ibihingwa n’ibidukikije, kongera imbaraga zo guhangana n’ibihingwa, kongera umusaruro w’ibihingwa, no kuzamura ireme ry’ibikomoka ku buhinzi.
2. Igipimo ni gito, umuvuduko urihuta, kandi imikorere iri hejuru. Ibihingwa byinshi bigomba guterwa rimwe gusa mugihe cyagenwe mugihe runaka.
3. Irashobora gutandukanya ibyerekezo biranga imiterere yimiterere yimiterere yibimera.
4. Intego cyane kandi yabigize umwuga. Irashobora gukemura ibibazo bimwe bigoye gukemura nubundi buryo, nko gushinga imbuto zitagira imbuto.
Igenzura ryikura ryibihingwa Incamake
Ugereranije na tekinoroji gakondo yubuhinzi, ikoreshwa ryikura ryikura ryibihingwa rifite ibyiza byo kugiciro gito, ibisubizo byihuse, gukora neza, no kuzigama abakozi. Imikoreshereze yacyo yabaye imwe mu ngamba zingenzi mu buhinzi bugezweho. Igenzura ryikura ryibihingwa rikoreshwa cyane muguhingura ibihingwa ngandurarugo, ingano n’amavuta, imboga, ibiti byimbuto, ibihingwa by’indabyo, ibikoresho by’imiti y’abashinwa, hamwe n’ibihumyo biribwa. Ugereranije nindi miti yica udukoko n’ibicuruzwa byifumbire, bizamura ubwiza bwibihingwa byihuse kandi bifite umusaruro mwinshi.
Igenzura ry’ibihingwa bizagira uruhare runini mu guteza imbere cyangwa kugenzura imikurire y’ibihingwa, kongera imbaraga mu kurwanya ibihingwa, kongera umusaruro, kuzamura ubwiza bw’ibihingwa, n’ibindi, kandi bifasha umusaruro mwinshi kandi mwinshi mu buhinzi. Ivanze na fungicide, ifumbire mvaruganda, nibindi, kandi ni inkunga ikomeye yo guhuza amazi nifumbire.
