Ibibazo nisesengura ryibibazo byangiza ibiyobyabwenge mugukoresha ibimera bikura
Ingaruka zo kugenzura imikurire yibihingwa ziterwa nibintu byinshi, harimo ubwoko bwibihingwa, ibyiciro byikura, imbuga zikoreshwa, ubwoko bwabashinzwe kugenzura, kwibanda, uburyo bwo gukoresha, nibidukikije byo hanze.
Muburyo bwo gukoresha ibimera bikura, ikibazo cyo kwangiza udukoko kiragaragara cyane. Iyi ngingo izasesengura ibitera kwangirika kw’ibihingwa byangiza binyuze mu bintu bitanu nyabyo byangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko.
1. Igihe cyo gukoresha nabi ni impamvu yingenzi yangiza imiti yica udukoko.
Hariho amategeko akomeye ku gihe cyo gukoresha imiti igabanya imikurire. Niba igihe cyo gusaba kidatoranijwe neza, bizatera kwangiza imiti yica udukoko, bizavamo kugabanuka kwumusaruro cyangwa no gutakaza ingano. Dufashe nk'urugero rwa Forchlorfenuron kuri watermelon, mu mpera za Gicurasi 2011, garuzi z'abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Yanling, Umujyi wa Danyang, Intara ya Jiangsu, zaraturika kubera gukoresha "imisemburo yo kwagura garuzi". Mubyukuri, guturika kwa garuzi ntabwo guterwa na hormone yo kwagura garuzi, ahubwo biterwa no kuyikoresha mugihe kidakwiye. Forchlorfenuron, igihe gikwiye cyo gukoreshwa ni umunsi wo kurabyo kwa watermelon cyangwa umunsi umwe mbere na nyuma, kandi ubunini bwa 10-20μg / g bukoreshwa ku isoro rya melon. Nyamara, niba watermelon ikoreshejwe nyuma ya diameter irenga 15cm, bizatera phytotoxicity, igaragara nka garizone yuzuye, inyama zidakabije, kugabanya uburyohe hamwe nuburyohe bubi. Mubihe bikomeye, birashobora no gutuma garuzi yaturika. Muri icyo gihe, kubera ko Forchlorfenuron idayobora, niba garizone idashyizwe hamwe, irashobora kandi gutanga garizone yahinduwe.
2. Dose itariyo nayo isanzwe itera phytotoxicity.
Buri kugenzura imikurire yikimera bifite urugero rwihariye.
Hafi ya dosiye ntishobora kugera ku ngaruka ziteganijwe, mugihe kinini cyane dosiye ishobora gutera phytotoxicity. Dufashe urugero rwa Ethephon ku ibara ry'inzabibu nk'urugero, mu mwaka wa 2010, abahinzi b'imbuto i Mianyang, Sichuan basanze inzabibu bateye zaguye mbere yuko zera neza, zishobora guterwa no gukoresha nabi Ethephon.
Isesengura: Ethephon ikora neza mugutezimbere amabara yinzabibu, ariko ubwoko butandukanye bwinzabibu bugomba kwitondera guhindura imitekerereze mugihe uyikoresheje. Kubwibyo, kwibandaho bigomba kugenzurwa cyane, kandi ingamba zo gutera, gusarura no kugurisha mubyiciro bigomba gukoreshwa kugirango birinde igihombo kidakenewe. Umuhinzi yananiwe gutandukanya inzabibu zubwoko butandukanye nizunguruka zikura hanyuma atera zose hamwe na 500μg / g ya Ethephon, amaherezo bituma inzabibu nyinshi zigwa.
3.Ubuhinzi butandukanye bwibihingwa bifite sensitivité zitandukanye kubihingwa bimwe bikura
Kubera ko ubwoko butandukanye bwibihingwa bufite sensibilité zitandukanye kubihingwa bimwe bikura, hagomba kwitonderwa mugihe ukoresheje. Ibizamini bito bigomba gukorwa mbere kugirango hemezwe ko bifite umutekano kandi byiza mbere yuko bizamurwa kandi bigashyirwa mubikorwa. Kurugero, α-Naphthyl Acetic Acide nikoreshwa cyane mu kubungabunga indabyo, kubika imbuto no kubyimba imbuto, akenshi bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumpamba, ibiti byimbuto na melon. Nyamara, ibihingwa bitandukanye bifite sensitivité zitandukanye kuri yo. Kurugero, watermelon yunvikana cyane Acide acide ya acide-Naphthyl, kandi intumbero yakoreshejwe igomba kugenzurwa cyane, bitabaye ibyo ishobora kwangiza imiti yica udukoko. Umuhinzi wa melon ntiyigeze asuzuma umwihariko wa watermelon arawutera akurikije icyerekezo rusange mumabwiriza, bikaviramo amababi ya garuzi.
4. Gukoresha nabi biganisha ku kwangiza udukoko
Nubwo ibimera bimwe bikura bikoreshwa mubihingwa bimwe, birashobora kwangiza imiti yica udukoko iyo bidakoreshejwe neza. Kurugero, gukoresha Acide ya Gibberellic (GA3) kumuzabibu bisaba igihe nyacyo hamwe nibitekerezo. Niba ikoreshejwe nabi, nko gutera aho gutera ibiti byimbuto, bizaganisha ku bunini butandukanye bwimbuto, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumusaruro nubwiza.
5.Guhuza bisanzwe kugenzura imikurire yikimera
Byongeye kandi, guhuza byimazeyo kugenzura imikurire yikimera nabyo bishobora gutera ibibazo. Hashobora kubaho imikoranire hagati yubuyobozi butandukanye bwo gukura kwibihingwa, bikavamo ingaruka zidahinduka cyangwa ingaruka mbi. Kubwibyo, ubuyobozi bwumwuga bugomba gukurikizwa mugihe ubukoresheje kugirango umutekano ube mwiza.
Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo kugenzura imikurire yikimera irashobora kugera kubikorwa byoguhuza nyuma yo gusuzuma neza formulaire no kugenzura ibizamini.
6.Ibindi bihe byo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bidasanzwe
Iyo ukoresheje ibimera bikura, uburyo bukwiye, igihe hamwe nibitekerezo bigomba gukurikizwa kugirango barebe ko bigira uruhare runini kandi birinde ibiyobyabwenge. Kurugero, gukoresha paclobutrazol kubiti bya pome birashobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye iyo bikoreshejwe nabi. Iyo ibiti bya pome bimaze gukura mubihingwa bitanga umusaruro, ugashyira garama 2 kugeza kuri 3 za Paclobutrazol kumuzi ya buri giti nko muri metero 5 hafi yizuba mugihe cyicyumweru kimwe birashobora kugenzura neza imikurire mishya mumwaka wa kabiri, kandi biracyafite akamaro mu mwaka wa gatatu. Ariko, niba Paclobutrazol yatewe hejuru ya microgramo 300 / garama mugihe amashami mashya yibiti bya pome akura kugeza kuri cm 5 kugeza 10, nubwo bishobora kubuza imikurire mishya, niba dosiye idakwiye, irashobora kubangamira imikurire isanzwe y'ibiti bya pome, bigatuma umusaruro ugabanuka kandi ubwiza bwimbuto bukagabanuka.
Byongeye kandi, ibidukikije nabwo ni ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ikura ry’ibihingwa.
Kurugero, ingaruka za 1-Naphthyl Acetic Acide mukubungabunga imbuto zinyanya ziterwa nubushyuhe. Iyo ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 20 ℃ cyangwa hejuru ya 35 ℃, ingaruka zo kubika imbuto ntabwo ari nziza; mugihe mubushyuhe bwa 25-30 ℃, ingaruka zo kubika imbuto nibyiza cyane. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ikoreshwa rya Forchlorfenuron ku mbuto naryo rigomba kwitondera igihe. Igomba gukoreshwa kumunsi iyo imyumbati irabye. Niba igihe cyabuze cyangwa dosiye idakwiye, imyumbati irashobora gukomeza gukura muri firigo, ariko uburyohe nubwiza bizagabanuka cyane.
Muburyo bwo gukoresha ibimera bikura, ikibazo cyo kwangiza udukoko kiragaragara cyane. Iyi ngingo izasesengura ibitera kwangirika kw’ibihingwa byangiza binyuze mu bintu bitanu nyabyo byangiza udukoko twangiza udukoko.
1. Igihe cyo gukoresha nabi ni impamvu yingenzi yangiza imiti yica udukoko.
Hariho amategeko akomeye ku gihe cyo gukoresha imiti igabanya imikurire. Niba igihe cyo gusaba kidatoranijwe neza, bizatera kwangiza imiti yica udukoko, bizavamo kugabanuka kwumusaruro cyangwa no gutakaza ingano. Dufashe nk'urugero rwa Forchlorfenuron kuri watermelon, mu mpera za Gicurasi 2011, garuzi z'abaturage bo mu mujyi wa Yanling, Umujyi wa Danyang, Intara ya Jiangsu, zaraturika kubera gukoresha "imisemburo yo kwagura garuzi". Mubyukuri, guturika kwa garuzi ntabwo guterwa na hormone yo kwagura garuzi, ahubwo biterwa no kuyikoresha mugihe kidakwiye. Forchlorfenuron, igihe gikwiye cyo gukoreshwa ni umunsi wo kurabyo kwa watermelon cyangwa umunsi umwe mbere na nyuma, kandi ubunini bwa 10-20μg / g bukoreshwa ku isoro rya melon. Nyamara, niba watermelon ikoreshejwe nyuma ya diameter irenga 15cm, bizatera phytotoxicity, igaragara nka garizone yuzuye, inyama zidakabije, kugabanya uburyohe hamwe nuburyohe bubi. Mubihe bikomeye, birashobora no gutuma garuzi yaturika. Muri icyo gihe, kubera ko Forchlorfenuron idayobora, niba garizone idashyizwe hamwe, irashobora kandi gutanga garizone yahinduwe.
2. Dose itariyo nayo isanzwe itera phytotoxicity.
Buri kugenzura imikurire yikimera bifite urugero rwihariye.
Hafi ya dosiye ntishobora kugera ku ngaruka ziteganijwe, mugihe kinini cyane dosiye ishobora gutera phytotoxicity. Dufashe urugero rwa Ethephon ku ibara ry'inzabibu nk'urugero, mu mwaka wa 2010, abahinzi b'imbuto i Mianyang, Sichuan basanze inzabibu bateye zaguye mbere yuko zera neza, zishobora guterwa no gukoresha nabi Ethephon.
Isesengura: Ethephon ikora neza mugutezimbere amabara yinzabibu, ariko ubwoko butandukanye bwinzabibu bugomba kwitondera guhindura imitekerereze mugihe uyikoresheje. Kubwibyo, kwibandaho bigomba kugenzurwa cyane, kandi ingamba zo gutera, gusarura no kugurisha mubyiciro bigomba gukoreshwa kugirango birinde igihombo kidakenewe. Umuhinzi yananiwe gutandukanya inzabibu zubwoko butandukanye nizunguruka zikura hanyuma atera zose hamwe na 500μg / g ya Ethephon, amaherezo bituma inzabibu nyinshi zigwa.
3.Ubuhinzi butandukanye bwibihingwa bifite sensitivité zitandukanye kubihingwa bimwe bikura
Kubera ko ubwoko butandukanye bwibihingwa bufite sensibilité zitandukanye kubihingwa bimwe bikura, hagomba kwitonderwa mugihe ukoresheje. Ibizamini bito bigomba gukorwa mbere kugirango hemezwe ko bifite umutekano kandi byiza mbere yuko bizamurwa kandi bigashyirwa mubikorwa. Kurugero, α-Naphthyl Acetic Acide nikoreshwa cyane mu kubungabunga indabyo, kubika imbuto no kubyimba imbuto, akenshi bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumpamba, ibiti byimbuto na melon. Nyamara, ibihingwa bitandukanye bifite sensitivité zitandukanye kuri yo. Kurugero, watermelon yunvikana cyane Acide acide ya acide-Naphthyl, kandi intumbero yakoreshejwe igomba kugenzurwa cyane, bitabaye ibyo ishobora kwangiza imiti yica udukoko. Umuhinzi wa melon ntiyigeze asuzuma umwihariko wa watermelon arawutera akurikije icyerekezo rusange mumabwiriza, bikaviramo amababi ya garuzi.
4. Gukoresha nabi biganisha ku kwangiza udukoko
Nubwo ibimera bimwe bikura bikoreshwa mubihingwa bimwe, birashobora kwangiza imiti yica udukoko iyo bidakoreshejwe neza. Kurugero, gukoresha Acide ya Gibberellic (GA3) kumuzabibu bisaba igihe nyacyo hamwe nibitekerezo. Niba ikoreshejwe nabi, nko gutera aho gutera ibiti byimbuto, bizaganisha ku bunini butandukanye bwimbuto, bigira ingaruka zikomeye kumusaruro nubwiza.
5.Guhuza bisanzwe kugenzura imikurire yikimera
Byongeye kandi, guhuza byimazeyo kugenzura imikurire yikimera nabyo bishobora gutera ibibazo. Hashobora kubaho imikoranire hagati yubuyobozi butandukanye bwo gukura kwibihingwa, bikavamo ingaruka zidahinduka cyangwa ingaruka mbi. Kubwibyo, ubuyobozi bwumwuga bugomba gukurikizwa mugihe ubukoresheje kugirango umutekano ube mwiza.
Ikoreshwa rya tekinoroji yo kugenzura imikurire yikimera irashobora kugera kubikorwa byoguhuza nyuma yo gusuzuma neza formulaire no kugenzura ibizamini.
6.Ibindi bihe byo gukoresha ibiyobyabwenge bidasanzwe
Iyo ukoresheje ibimera bikura, uburyo bukwiye, igihe hamwe nibitekerezo bigomba gukurikizwa kugirango barebe ko bigira uruhare runini kandi birinde ibiyobyabwenge. Kurugero, gukoresha paclobutrazol kubiti bya pome birashobora gutera ingaruka zikomeye iyo bikoreshejwe nabi. Iyo ibiti bya pome bimaze gukura mubihingwa bitanga umusaruro, ugashyira garama 2 kugeza kuri 3 za Paclobutrazol kumuzi ya buri giti nko muri metero 5 hafi yizuba mugihe cyicyumweru kimwe birashobora kugenzura neza imikurire mishya mumwaka wa kabiri, kandi biracyafite akamaro mu mwaka wa gatatu. Ariko, niba Paclobutrazol yatewe hejuru ya microgramo 300 / garama mugihe amashami mashya yibiti bya pome akura kugeza kuri cm 5 kugeza 10, nubwo bishobora kubuza imikurire mishya, niba dosiye idakwiye, irashobora kubangamira imikurire isanzwe y'ibiti bya pome, bigatuma umusaruro ugabanuka kandi ubwiza bwimbuto bukagabanuka.
Byongeye kandi, ibidukikije nabwo ni ibintu byingenzi bigira ingaruka ku mikorere y’ikura ry’ibihingwa.
Kurugero, ingaruka za 1-Naphthyl Acetic Acide mukubungabunga imbuto zinyanya ziterwa nubushyuhe. Iyo ubushyuhe buri munsi ya 20 ℃ cyangwa hejuru ya 35 ℃, ingaruka zo kubika imbuto ntabwo ari nziza; mugihe mubushyuhe bwa 25-30 ℃, ingaruka zo kubika imbuto nibyiza cyane. Mu buryo nk'ubwo, ikoreshwa rya Forchlorfenuron ku mbuto naryo rigomba kwitondera igihe. Igomba gukoreshwa kumunsi iyo imyumbati irabye. Niba igihe cyabuze cyangwa dosiye idakwiye, imyumbati irashobora gukomeza gukura muri firigo, ariko uburyohe nubwiza bizagabanuka cyane.
