Ubwoko n'imikorere ya hormone yo gukura kw'ibimera

Hariho ubwoko 6 bwimisemburo ikura yibimera, aribyo auxin, Acide Gibberellic Acide GA3, Cytokinin, Ethylene, aside abcisic na brassinosteroide, BRs.

Gutera imisemburo ikura, nanone bita imisemburo karemano yibimera cyangwa imisemburo ya endogenous hormone, bivuga urugero rwinshi rwibintu kama kama kama ikomoka mubihingwa bishobora kugenga (guteza imbere, kubuza) inzira zabo bwite.

1. Ubwoko bwa hormone yo gukura kw'ibimera
Kuri ubu hari ibyiciro bitanu bizwi bya phytohormone, aribyo auxin, Acide Gibberellic Acide GA3, Cytokinin, Ethylene, na acide abcisic. Vuba aha, brassinosteroide (BRs) yamenyekanye buhoro buhoro nkicyiciro cya gatandatu cyingenzi cya phytohormone.
1. auxin
(1) Ubuvumbuzi: auxin ni imisemburo ya mbere y'ibimera yavumbuwe.
(2) Ikwirakwizwa: auxin ikwirakwizwa cyane mubihingwa, ariko ikwirakwizwa cyane mubice bikura cyane kandi bikiri bito. Nka: inama yibiti, inama yumuzi, urugereko rwifumbire, nibindi.
. Kuruti runyuze muri floem, muri coleoptile ni selile parenchyma, naho mumababi iba mumitsi.

2. Acide ya Gibberellic (GA3)
(1) Yiswe Acide Gibberellic Acide GA3 mu 1938; imiterere y’imiti yamenyekanye mu 1959.
.
(3) Gutwara abantu: Acide Gibberellic Acide GA3 ntabwo ifite transport ya polar mu bimera. Nyuma ya synthesis mumubiri, irashobora gutwarwa mubyerekezo bibiri, kumanuka unyuze kuri floem, no hejuru unyuze kuri xylem no kuzamuka hamwe na transpiration.

3. Cytokinin
.
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4. Acide Abscisic
(1) Kuvumbura: Mugihe cyubuzima bwikimera, niba imibereho idakwiye, ingingo zimwe (nkimbuto, amababi, nibindi) zizagwa; cyangwa igihe cyigihe cyo gukura kirangiye, amababi azagwa, areke gukura, kandi yinjire mubitotsi. Muri ubwo buryo, ibimera bitanga ubwoko bwimisemburo yibimera ibuza gukura niterambere, aribyo aside abcisic. Acide abcisic rero nikimenyetso cyo gukura kwimbuto no kurwanya imihangayiko.
(2) Urubuga rwa Synthesis: Biosynthesis na metabolism ya acide abcisic. Imizi, uruti, amababi, imbuto, n'imbuto mu bimera byose bishobora guhuza aside abcisic.
(3) Ubwikorezi: aside abcisic irashobora gutwarwa muri xylem na floem. Byinshi bitwarwa muri floem.

5.Ethylene
(1) Ethylene ni gaze yoroshye kuruta umwuka mubushyuhe hamwe nigitutu cyibidukikije. Ibyakozwe kurubuga rwa synthesis kandi ntabwo bitwarwa.
. Kurugero, ingirangingo zikuze zirekura Ethylene nkeya, mugihe meristem, kumera kwimbuto, indabyo zumye gusa n'imbuto zitanga Ethylene nyinshi.

2. Ingaruka z'umubiri wa hormone yo gukura kw'ibimera
1. Auxin:
Guteza imbere imikurire. Teza imbere kugabana.
2. Acide ya Gibberellic GA3:
Guteza imbere kugabana no kurambura uruti. Teza imbere kumera no kurabyo. Kureka gusinzira. Guteza imbere indabyo zumugabo no kongera igipimo cyimbuto.
3. Cytokinin:
Guteza imbere kugabana. Teza imbere itandukaniro. Guteza imbere kwaguka. Teza imbere iterambere ryuruhande kandi ukureho inyungu zidasanzwe.

3. Ese imisemburo ikura yibimera?
1. Igenzura ryikura ryibimera ni imisemburo. Imisemburo ikura yibimera bivuga imiti isanzwe iboneka mubihingwa bigenga kandi bikagenzura imikurire niterambere. Yitwa kandi imisemburo ya Plant endogenous.
2. Gukura kw'ibimera kugengwa na synthesis cyangwa kuvoma, kimwe na fermentation ya mikorobe, nibindi, kandi mubisanzwe byitwa imisemburo ya Exogenous Plant.
Nukuvuga, auxin, Acide ya Gibberellic (GA), Cytokinin (CTK), aside abcisic (ABA), Ethyne (ETH) na brassinosteroid (BR). Byose nibintu byoroheje-molekile byingirakamaro, ariko ingaruka zumubiri ziragoye cyane kandi zitandukanye. Kurugero, ziratandukanye no kugira ingaruka kumacakubiri, kurambura, no gutandukana kugeza ingaruka kumera kwimera, gushinga imizi, indabyo, imbuto, kugena igitsina, gusinzira, no gusiba. Kubwibyo, imisemburo yibimera igira uruhare runini mugutunganya no kugenzura imikurire niterambere.