Phapang Pakeng tsa Balaoli ba Tloaelehileng ba Khōlo ea Limela bakeng sa ho Laola Khōlo e Feteletseng ea Limela
Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea lihlahisoa 'marakeng tse etselitsoeng ho laola khōlo e feteletseng ea limela (hangata e bitsoa "mahlahana a ho laola ho hōla"), tse kang Uniconazole, Paclobutrazol, Mepiquat chloride, le Chlormequat chloride. Liphapang ke life, ’me ke life tse fanang ka liphello tse molemohali? A re hlahlobeng lihlahisoa tsena tse sebelisoang hangata.
I. Mepiquat chloride
Mepiquat chloride ke taolo ea sejoale-joale ea kholo ea semela e loketseng mefuta e mengata ea lijalo tsa masimong le tsa chelete. E khothalletsa lipalesa tsa pele, e thibela ho tšolloa, e matlafatsa chai, e matlafatsa chlorophyll synthesis, 'me e thibela ho lelefatsa ha makala a maholo le makala a fruiting. Ka ho fetola litekanyetso tsa ts'ebetso le nako ho ipapisitse le boemo ba ho hola ba semela, e laola kholo, e bakang limela tse tiileng, tse hananang le bolulo tse nang le 'mala o ntlafalitsoeng le chai e ngata.
Hajoale, Mepiquat chloride e sebelisoa haholo k'hothone. Ho feta moo, e matlafatsa mahlaka le ho thibela bolulo koro ea mariha; e eketsa ho monya khalsiamo le ho fokotsa bothata ba "pelo e ntšo" ka liapole; e matlafatsa boemo ba tsoekere le boleng ba lamunu; e thibela ho hōla ha maoto le ho ntlafatsa 'mala oa limela tsa mekhabiso; 'me e eketsa chai le ho potlakisa khōlo ea tamati, mahapu, le linaoa.
II. "Paclobutrazol"
E thehiloe lilemong tsa bo-1980, Paclobutrazol ke taolo ea kholo ea limela e thehiloeng ho triazole e sebetsang ka ho thibela motsoako oa endogenous gibberellins. E fokotsa kholo ea semela, e thibela ho lelefala ha kutu, e khutsufatsa li-internode, e khothalletsa ho lema, e matlafatsa ho hanyetsa khatello ea maikutlo, 'me e eketsa chai. E sebetsa haholo lijalong tse kang raese, koro, makotomane, lifate tsa litholoana, koae, peō ea rapese, linaoa tsa soya, lipalesa le turfgrass.
III. Uniconazole
Uniconazole e boetse e le taolo e thehiloeng ho triazole; ha mokhoa oa eona oa ts'ebetso o tšoana le oa Paclobutrazol, o matla haholo 'me o siea masala a seng makae. E laola kholo ea limela ka ho thibela ho lelefala ha lisele, ho khutsufatsa li-internode, le ho etsa hore semela se be senyenyane, ha e ntse e khothalletsa ho hōla ha lehlomela le ho thehoa ha lipalesa le ho matlafatsa ho hanyetsa khatello ea kelello.
Uniconazole e ka monngoa ka lipeo, metso, li-buds le makhasi ebe e fetisetsoa pakeng tsa litho tsa semela; leha ho le joalo, ho fetisoa ho tloha makhasi ho na le moeli, 'me ho bontša motsamao o matla oa acropetal (ho ea holimo). E loketse ho sebelisoa raeseng le koro ho eketsa ho lema, ho laola bolelele ba semela, le ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa bolulo. E boetse e sebelisoa lifateng tsa litholoana ho laola sebōpeho sa lifate ka ho laola kholo ea limela, le limela tsa mekhabiso ho laola sebōpeho sa limela, ho khothalletsa phapang ea lipalesa le ho matlafatsa lipalesa.
Uniconazole e boetse e bonts'a ts'ebetso e matla haholo, e pharaletseng, ea tsamaiso ea li-fungicidal, e bonts'a liphello tse matla tsa ho thibela ho phatloha ha raese, ho bola ha metso ea koro, lehloa la lekhasi la poone, lefu la bakanae la raese, lekhopho la koro (Fusarium head blight), le anthracnose ea linaoa. Ho nosetsa mobu ho sebetsa ho feta ho fafatsa ka foliar; hang ha e monngoa ke metso 'me e fetisetsoa ka har'a semela, e tsitsisa likarolo tsa lera la lisele le ho eketsa proline le tsoekere. Sena se matlafatsa ho hanyetsa khatello ea limela, ho thusa semela ho mamella serame le komello hamolemo.
IV. Chlormequat Chloride
Chlormequat Chloride e sebetsa e le mohanyetsi oa gibberellin biosynthesis. Ka lebaka leo, e laola ka katleho kholo e feteletseng ea limela le ho khothalletsa kholo ea pelehi. E khutsufatsa li-internode, 'me e etsa hore e be le limela tse khuts'oane, tse tiileng le tse teteaneng tse nang le metso e ntlafetseng le ho thibela bolulo bo ntlafetseng. Ho feta moo, e tebisa 'mala oa makhasi, e eketsa botenya ba makhasi le chlorophyll, e ntlafatsa photosynthesis, e ntlafatsa boemo ba litholoana, 'me e matlafatsa boleng ba lijalo le chai.
Chlormequat Chloride e boetse e ntlafatsa matla a ho monya metsi a metso ea lijalo 'me e susumetsa ho bokellana ha proline ka har'a semela, ka tsela eo e ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa khatello ea maikutlo-ho kenyeletsa ho mamella komello, serame, letsoai-alkalinity, le maloetse. E ka kena semeleng ka makhasi, mahlomela a manyenyane, mahlomela, metso le lipeo, e lumella mekhoa e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso e kang ho roala peō, ho fafatsa, le ho kolobisa mobu. Mekhoa ea kopo e ka khethoa ho ipapisitsoe le maemo a khethehileng a lijalo le temo ho fihlela litholoana tse nepahetseng.
V. Tse tshwanang
1. Kaofela ba bane ke bahanyetsi ba gibberellin synthesis mme ba sebetsa e le li-retardants tsa kholo; li hatella kholo e matla ea lijalo ntle le ho thibela karohano ea lisele tsa semela.
2. Li thibela haholo-holo bolelele bo feteletseng ba stems le buds (apical meristems).
3. Liphetho tse sebetsang hantle li hloka taolo e lekaneng ea metsi le manyolo.
4. Ha ho le e 'ngoe ea tsona e sebetsang e le lithibela-mafu tse sa khetheng (ha li bolaee semela ka ho toba).
VI. Liphapang
1. Mepiquat chloride e na le phello e batlang e le bonolo, e lumella hore ho be le mefuta e mengata e mengata ea lisebelisoa, 'me e na le kotsi e tlaase ea phytotoxicity; ka lehlakoreng le leng, Paclobutrazol le Chlormequat chloride li atisa ho baka phytotoxicity haeba li sebelisoa ka tekanyo e feteletseng.
2. Paclobutrazol ke regulator e thehiloeng ho triazole e nang le ts'ebetso e matla ea ho thibela; e boetse e fana ka taolo kgahlanong le phori mme e sebetsa hantle haholo hodima matokomane, leha tshusumetso ya yona dijalong tsa hwetla/mariha e sa bonahale haholo. Chlormequat chloride e na le mefuta e mengata ea ts'ebeliso, hangata e kenyelletsa litekanyetso tse phahameng, 'me e sebelisoa khafetsa nakong ea lipalesa le litholoana.
3. Uniconazole e bonts'a 4 ho linako tse ling tsa 10 mesebetsi ea likokoana-hloko le katleho ea Paclobutrazol. E siea karolo e le 'ngoe feela ea masala a mobu ha e bapisoa le Paclobutrazol, e fokotseha ka potlako,' me e na le karolo ea bohlano feela ea phello ea lijalo tse latelang. Ka lebaka la matla a eona a phahameng a ho laola khōlo e feteletseng le ho fana ka liphello tsa fungicidal, ka kakaretso ha e tšoanelehe ho sebelisoa ho lipeo tse ngata tsa meroho.
I. Mepiquat chloride
Mepiquat chloride ke taolo ea sejoale-joale ea kholo ea semela e loketseng mefuta e mengata ea lijalo tsa masimong le tsa chelete. E khothalletsa lipalesa tsa pele, e thibela ho tšolloa, e matlafatsa chai, e matlafatsa chlorophyll synthesis, 'me e thibela ho lelefatsa ha makala a maholo le makala a fruiting. Ka ho fetola litekanyetso tsa ts'ebetso le nako ho ipapisitse le boemo ba ho hola ba semela, e laola kholo, e bakang limela tse tiileng, tse hananang le bolulo tse nang le 'mala o ntlafalitsoeng le chai e ngata.
Hajoale, Mepiquat chloride e sebelisoa haholo k'hothone. Ho feta moo, e matlafatsa mahlaka le ho thibela bolulo koro ea mariha; e eketsa ho monya khalsiamo le ho fokotsa bothata ba "pelo e ntšo" ka liapole; e matlafatsa boemo ba tsoekere le boleng ba lamunu; e thibela ho hōla ha maoto le ho ntlafatsa 'mala oa limela tsa mekhabiso; 'me e eketsa chai le ho potlakisa khōlo ea tamati, mahapu, le linaoa.
II. "Paclobutrazol"
E thehiloe lilemong tsa bo-1980, Paclobutrazol ke taolo ea kholo ea limela e thehiloeng ho triazole e sebetsang ka ho thibela motsoako oa endogenous gibberellins. E fokotsa kholo ea semela, e thibela ho lelefala ha kutu, e khutsufatsa li-internode, e khothalletsa ho lema, e matlafatsa ho hanyetsa khatello ea maikutlo, 'me e eketsa chai. E sebetsa haholo lijalong tse kang raese, koro, makotomane, lifate tsa litholoana, koae, peō ea rapese, linaoa tsa soya, lipalesa le turfgrass.
III. Uniconazole
Uniconazole e boetse e le taolo e thehiloeng ho triazole; ha mokhoa oa eona oa ts'ebetso o tšoana le oa Paclobutrazol, o matla haholo 'me o siea masala a seng makae. E laola kholo ea limela ka ho thibela ho lelefala ha lisele, ho khutsufatsa li-internode, le ho etsa hore semela se be senyenyane, ha e ntse e khothalletsa ho hōla ha lehlomela le ho thehoa ha lipalesa le ho matlafatsa ho hanyetsa khatello ea kelello.
Uniconazole e ka monngoa ka lipeo, metso, li-buds le makhasi ebe e fetisetsoa pakeng tsa litho tsa semela; leha ho le joalo, ho fetisoa ho tloha makhasi ho na le moeli, 'me ho bontša motsamao o matla oa acropetal (ho ea holimo). E loketse ho sebelisoa raeseng le koro ho eketsa ho lema, ho laola bolelele ba semela, le ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa bolulo. E boetse e sebelisoa lifateng tsa litholoana ho laola sebōpeho sa lifate ka ho laola kholo ea limela, le limela tsa mekhabiso ho laola sebōpeho sa limela, ho khothalletsa phapang ea lipalesa le ho matlafatsa lipalesa.
Uniconazole e boetse e bonts'a ts'ebetso e matla haholo, e pharaletseng, ea tsamaiso ea li-fungicidal, e bonts'a liphello tse matla tsa ho thibela ho phatloha ha raese, ho bola ha metso ea koro, lehloa la lekhasi la poone, lefu la bakanae la raese, lekhopho la koro (Fusarium head blight), le anthracnose ea linaoa. Ho nosetsa mobu ho sebetsa ho feta ho fafatsa ka foliar; hang ha e monngoa ke metso 'me e fetisetsoa ka har'a semela, e tsitsisa likarolo tsa lera la lisele le ho eketsa proline le tsoekere. Sena se matlafatsa ho hanyetsa khatello ea limela, ho thusa semela ho mamella serame le komello hamolemo.
IV. Chlormequat Chloride
Chlormequat Chloride e sebetsa e le mohanyetsi oa gibberellin biosynthesis. Ka lebaka leo, e laola ka katleho kholo e feteletseng ea limela le ho khothalletsa kholo ea pelehi. E khutsufatsa li-internode, 'me e etsa hore e be le limela tse khuts'oane, tse tiileng le tse teteaneng tse nang le metso e ntlafetseng le ho thibela bolulo bo ntlafetseng. Ho feta moo, e tebisa 'mala oa makhasi, e eketsa botenya ba makhasi le chlorophyll, e ntlafatsa photosynthesis, e ntlafatsa boemo ba litholoana, 'me e matlafatsa boleng ba lijalo le chai.
Chlormequat Chloride e boetse e ntlafatsa matla a ho monya metsi a metso ea lijalo 'me e susumetsa ho bokellana ha proline ka har'a semela, ka tsela eo e ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa khatello ea maikutlo-ho kenyeletsa ho mamella komello, serame, letsoai-alkalinity, le maloetse. E ka kena semeleng ka makhasi, mahlomela a manyenyane, mahlomela, metso le lipeo, e lumella mekhoa e fapaneng ea ts'ebetso e kang ho roala peō, ho fafatsa, le ho kolobisa mobu. Mekhoa ea kopo e ka khethoa ho ipapisitsoe le maemo a khethehileng a lijalo le temo ho fihlela litholoana tse nepahetseng.
V. Tse tshwanang
1. Kaofela ba bane ke bahanyetsi ba gibberellin synthesis mme ba sebetsa e le li-retardants tsa kholo; li hatella kholo e matla ea lijalo ntle le ho thibela karohano ea lisele tsa semela.
2. Li thibela haholo-holo bolelele bo feteletseng ba stems le buds (apical meristems).
3. Liphetho tse sebetsang hantle li hloka taolo e lekaneng ea metsi le manyolo.
4. Ha ho le e 'ngoe ea tsona e sebetsang e le lithibela-mafu tse sa khetheng (ha li bolaee semela ka ho toba).
VI. Liphapang
1. Mepiquat chloride e na le phello e batlang e le bonolo, e lumella hore ho be le mefuta e mengata e mengata ea lisebelisoa, 'me e na le kotsi e tlaase ea phytotoxicity; ka lehlakoreng le leng, Paclobutrazol le Chlormequat chloride li atisa ho baka phytotoxicity haeba li sebelisoa ka tekanyo e feteletseng.
2. Paclobutrazol ke regulator e thehiloeng ho triazole e nang le ts'ebetso e matla ea ho thibela; e boetse e fana ka taolo kgahlanong le phori mme e sebetsa hantle haholo hodima matokomane, leha tshusumetso ya yona dijalong tsa hwetla/mariha e sa bonahale haholo. Chlormequat chloride e na le mefuta e mengata ea ts'ebeliso, hangata e kenyelletsa litekanyetso tse phahameng, 'me e sebelisoa khafetsa nakong ea lipalesa le litholoana.
3. Uniconazole e bonts'a 4 ho linako tse ling tsa 10 mesebetsi ea likokoana-hloko le katleho ea Paclobutrazol. E siea karolo e le 'ngoe feela ea masala a mobu ha e bapisoa le Paclobutrazol, e fokotseha ka potlako,' me e na le karolo ea bohlano feela ea phello ea lijalo tse latelang. Ka lebaka la matla a eona a phahameng a ho laola khōlo e feteletseng le ho fana ka liphello tsa fungicidal, ka kakaretso ha e tšoanelehe ho sebelisoa ho lipeo tse ngata tsa meroho.
