Tšebeliso ea Litšobotsi tsa Ts'ebetso le Tekanyetso ea Tlhaho ea Brassinolide
Brassinolide ke hormone ea tlhaho ea semela e fumanehang haholo lithong tse fapaneng tsa limela, ho kenyelletsa peo, peo, stems le makhasi. Ka lebaka la ts'ebetso ea eona ea 'mele-e fetang haholo ea lihomone tse hlano tsa limela tse neng li tsejoa pele - e tsejoa ka machaba e le "Hormone ea Botšelela."
1. **Tlhaho le E Sireletsehileng:** Ha e chefo, ha e kotsi, ha e silafatse, ebile ha e na litla-morao tse mpe.
2. **Ketso e Felletseng:** Brassinolide e ka sebelisoa mohatong o mong le o mong oa ho hola le ho hola ha semela—ho tloha ho mela ha peo, ho mela le ho hlomela ho isa ho palesa, ho beha litholoana, le mekhahlelo ea ho qetela ea ntlafatso ea chai—e bontšang liphello tse molemo tse ikhethang mohatong ka mong.
3. **Mesebetsi e Mengata:** Brassinolide e bonts'a mefuta e mengata ea mesebetsi e ts'oanang le ea li-auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, le abscisic acid. Tsena li kenyelletsa litlamorao tse holisang kholo ea li-auxin le li-gibberellins; litlamorao tse khothalletsang karohano ea lisele tsa li-cytokinin; lipalesa le litholoana tsa ho boloka litholoana tse amanang le gibberellins; le thepa ea ho hanyetsa le ho mamella khatello ea kelello e amanang le abscisic acid.
4. **Potency e Phahameng:** Kaha e na le boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba tšebetso ea 'mele har'a li-hormone tsa limela, Brassinolide e sebetsa hantle maemong a tlaase haholo. E ka hlohlelletsa kholo ea semela haholo leha e le ka bongata ba 0.0001 mg/kg feela. Maemo a tloaelehileng a ts'ebeliso a tsoa ho 0.01 ho isa ho 0.1 mg/kg.
5. **Ho tsamaellana:** E lumellana le ho tsoakoa le menontsha e sa nke lehlakore le asiti, meriana e bolaeang fungi, le meriana e bolaeang likokoanyana. Metsoako e joalo hangata e baka phello ea synergistic, hangata e eketsa katleho ka kakaretso ka 10% ho isa ho 40%.
**Mechan of Action:** Natural Brassinolide ke ntho e sebetsang haholo e khothalletsang photosynthesis ea limela, e laolang ts'ebetso ea photosynthetic, 'me e khothalletsa kholo le tsoelo-pele e leka-lekaneng. E fetola mekhoa ea bohlokoa ea semela joalo ka lipalesa, litholoana le kholo. Ho feta moo, e matlafatsa matla a semela khahlanong le likhatello tse fapa-fapaneng tsa tikoloho-ho akarelletsa le mocheso o phahameng, tšenyo ea serame, letsoai le alkalinity, ho phalla ha metsi, le likokoana-hloko le mafu a likokoana-hloko-'me e ka boela ea thusa ho fokotsa phytotoxicity (boemo ba lik'hemik'hale).
1. **Ho Khothalletsa Katoloso ea Lisele le Karohano:** Brassinolide e eketsa tšebetso ea enzyme le ho matlafatsa litaba tsa DNA le liprotheine ka har'a lisele tsa semela. Sena se hlohlelletsa bolelele ba lisele le karohano, kahoo se potlakisa kholo ea semela le ho eketsa chai ka kakaretso.
2. **Ho ntlafatsa Photosynthesis:** Brassinolide e potlakisa sekhahla sa ho lokisa CO2 le ho ntlafatsa katleho ea photosynthetic. Sena se fella ka makhasi a matala a tebileng, sebaka se eketsehileng sa makhasi, makhasi a teteaneng, kholo e ts'oanang, le ntlafatso ea boleng ba makhasi ka kakaretso. 3. Brassinolide e Ntlafatsa Mamello ea Khatello ea Limela: Tlas'a maemo a mabe-a kang mocheso o tlase, komello le letsoai-brassinolide e ntlafatsa matla a metsi a metso ea metso ea lijalo, e tsitsisa botšepehi ba sebopeho le ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tsa membrane ea cellular, e boloka matla a phahameng a metabolism ea matla, e laola tikoloho e tloaelehileng ea lik'hemik'hale, lik'hemik'hale le lik'hemik'hale. ka ho etsa joalo e matlafatsa ho mamella khatello ea kelello ka kakaretso. Ho feta moo, ka ho laola ka botlalo tšebetso ea 'mele le lik'hemik'hale tsa semela, hape e thusa ho fokotsa sekhahla sa mafu.
**Brassinolide: Sebaka sa Tšebeliso**
E ka sebelisoa haholo lijalong tse sa tšoaneng—tse akarelletsang koro, poone, raese, likomkomere, tamati, pepere e tala, linaoa tsa liphio, litapole, koae le lehapu—ka mekhahlelo e sa tšoaneng ea khōlo ea tsona.
**1. Kalafo ea ho Inela Peō:** Brassinolide e matlafatsa matla a peo hape e khothalletsa ho mela, ka tsela eo e ntlafatsa monyetla oa ho mela le sekhahla sa ho mela. Sena se fella ka lipeo tse ts'oanang, tse matla tse nang le metso e ntlafetseng, ha li ntse li matlafatsa ho hanyetsa mafu, serame le komello nakong ea ho mela.
**2. Tšebeliso Nakong ea Mokhahlelo oa Lipeo:** E khothalletsa kholo ea makala, makhasi le metso; e eketsa boemo ba chlorophyll; hape e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea photosynthetic. Sena se lebisa makaleng a tiileng le makhasi a tlokomang, se thusa ho arola lipalesa, se eketsa palo ea lipalesa, se ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea menontsha le metsi, 'me se matlafatsa ho hanyetsa mafu a kang anthracnose, blight le tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko.
**3. Tšebeliso Nakong ea Mokhahlelo oa ho Budding:** E khothalletsa phapang ea lipalesa, e khothalletsa lipalesa tse ngata le tse matla, e thusa ho boloka lipalesa le litholoana, 'me e eketsa sekhahla sa ho beha litholoana.
**4. Tšebeliso Nakong ea Mokhahlelo o Monyenyane oa Litholoana:** E phahamisa maemo a lihomone ka har'a tholoana e nyenyane, e matlafatsa bokhoni ba tholoana ea ho hlōlisana bakeng sa limatlafatsi, e susumetsa karohano ea lisele, 'me e fokotsa ho theoha ha litholoana.
**5. Tšebeliso Nakong ea Mokhahlelo oa Katoloso ea Litholoana:** E matlafatsa maemo a li-hormone ka har'a tholoana, e khothalletsa ho ata ka potlako, e eketsa boima ba tholoana ka bomong, e ntlafatsa mebala ea litholoana le ho benya, 'me e thibela ho hlaha ha litholoana le ho bola.
**6. Tšebeliso Nakong ea Mokhahlelo oa Khōlo ea Litholoana:** E matlafatsa matla a ho hema a tholoana, e khothalletsa ho butsoa kapele le ho kena 'marakeng pele ho nako, e ntlafatsa boleng ba kakaretso, 'me e eketsa litaba tsa liprotheine, amino acid le divithamini. E matlafatsa boipiletso ba khoebo ka ho fokotsa ho hlaha ha litholoana tse sa sebetseng hantle, ho etsa hore bokaholimo ba litholoana bo be boreleli le bo benyang, 'me qetellong bo matlafatse tlholisano ea 'maraka. E boetse e eketsa nako ea polokelo ka mor'a kotulo le bophelo ba lishelefo.
**7. Tšebeliso ea Kamor'a Kotulo ea Litholoana:** E liehisa ho mela ha makhasi, e matlafatsa matla a photosynthetic ea makhasi, 'me e khothalletsa phetoho le ho bokella limatlafatsi. Sena se matlafatsa khanyetso ea semela khahlanong le serame le mocheso o batang, ho netefatsa phepelo e lekaneng ea limatlafatsi bakeng sa phapang ea lipalesa tsa lipalesa le lipalesa le litholoana tsa selemo se latelang, kahoo li fihlela litlhoko tsa boleng bo holimo le chai e phahameng.
**Brassinolide: Tšebeliso le litekanyetso **
**1. Ho Fafatsa ka Foliar:** 0.01–0.1 mg/kg.
**2. Kopo ea Nosetso ea Moroallo/Meroallo:** 0.05–0.5 g ka *mu* (hoo e ka bang lihekthere tse 0.067).
1. **Tlhaho le E Sireletsehileng:** Ha e chefo, ha e kotsi, ha e silafatse, ebile ha e na litla-morao tse mpe.
2. **Ketso e Felletseng:** Brassinolide e ka sebelisoa mohatong o mong le o mong oa ho hola le ho hola ha semela—ho tloha ho mela ha peo, ho mela le ho hlomela ho isa ho palesa, ho beha litholoana, le mekhahlelo ea ho qetela ea ntlafatso ea chai—e bontšang liphello tse molemo tse ikhethang mohatong ka mong.
3. **Mesebetsi e Mengata:** Brassinolide e bonts'a mefuta e mengata ea mesebetsi e ts'oanang le ea li-auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins, le abscisic acid. Tsena li kenyelletsa litlamorao tse holisang kholo ea li-auxin le li-gibberellins; litlamorao tse khothalletsang karohano ea lisele tsa li-cytokinin; lipalesa le litholoana tsa ho boloka litholoana tse amanang le gibberellins; le thepa ea ho hanyetsa le ho mamella khatello ea kelello e amanang le abscisic acid.
4. **Potency e Phahameng:** Kaha e na le boemo bo phahameng ka ho fetisisa ba tšebetso ea 'mele har'a li-hormone tsa limela, Brassinolide e sebetsa hantle maemong a tlaase haholo. E ka hlohlelletsa kholo ea semela haholo leha e le ka bongata ba 0.0001 mg/kg feela. Maemo a tloaelehileng a ts'ebeliso a tsoa ho 0.01 ho isa ho 0.1 mg/kg.
5. **Ho tsamaellana:** E lumellana le ho tsoakoa le menontsha e sa nke lehlakore le asiti, meriana e bolaeang fungi, le meriana e bolaeang likokoanyana. Metsoako e joalo hangata e baka phello ea synergistic, hangata e eketsa katleho ka kakaretso ka 10% ho isa ho 40%.
**Mechan of Action:** Natural Brassinolide ke ntho e sebetsang haholo e khothalletsang photosynthesis ea limela, e laolang ts'ebetso ea photosynthetic, 'me e khothalletsa kholo le tsoelo-pele e leka-lekaneng. E fetola mekhoa ea bohlokoa ea semela joalo ka lipalesa, litholoana le kholo. Ho feta moo, e matlafatsa matla a semela khahlanong le likhatello tse fapa-fapaneng tsa tikoloho-ho akarelletsa le mocheso o phahameng, tšenyo ea serame, letsoai le alkalinity, ho phalla ha metsi, le likokoana-hloko le mafu a likokoana-hloko-'me e ka boela ea thusa ho fokotsa phytotoxicity (boemo ba lik'hemik'hale).
1. **Ho Khothalletsa Katoloso ea Lisele le Karohano:** Brassinolide e eketsa tšebetso ea enzyme le ho matlafatsa litaba tsa DNA le liprotheine ka har'a lisele tsa semela. Sena se hlohlelletsa bolelele ba lisele le karohano, kahoo se potlakisa kholo ea semela le ho eketsa chai ka kakaretso.
2. **Ho ntlafatsa Photosynthesis:** Brassinolide e potlakisa sekhahla sa ho lokisa CO2 le ho ntlafatsa katleho ea photosynthetic. Sena se fella ka makhasi a matala a tebileng, sebaka se eketsehileng sa makhasi, makhasi a teteaneng, kholo e ts'oanang, le ntlafatso ea boleng ba makhasi ka kakaretso. 3. Brassinolide e Ntlafatsa Mamello ea Khatello ea Limela: Tlas'a maemo a mabe-a kang mocheso o tlase, komello le letsoai-brassinolide e ntlafatsa matla a metsi a metso ea metso ea lijalo, e tsitsisa botšepehi ba sebopeho le ts'ebetso ea lisebelisoa tsa membrane ea cellular, e boloka matla a phahameng a metabolism ea matla, e laola tikoloho e tloaelehileng ea lik'hemik'hale, lik'hemik'hale le lik'hemik'hale. ka ho etsa joalo e matlafatsa ho mamella khatello ea kelello ka kakaretso. Ho feta moo, ka ho laola ka botlalo tšebetso ea 'mele le lik'hemik'hale tsa semela, hape e thusa ho fokotsa sekhahla sa mafu.
**Brassinolide: Sebaka sa Tšebeliso**
E ka sebelisoa haholo lijalong tse sa tšoaneng—tse akarelletsang koro, poone, raese, likomkomere, tamati, pepere e tala, linaoa tsa liphio, litapole, koae le lehapu—ka mekhahlelo e sa tšoaneng ea khōlo ea tsona.
**1. Kalafo ea ho Inela Peō:** Brassinolide e matlafatsa matla a peo hape e khothalletsa ho mela, ka tsela eo e ntlafatsa monyetla oa ho mela le sekhahla sa ho mela. Sena se fella ka lipeo tse ts'oanang, tse matla tse nang le metso e ntlafetseng, ha li ntse li matlafatsa ho hanyetsa mafu, serame le komello nakong ea ho mela.
**2. Tšebeliso Nakong ea Mokhahlelo oa Lipeo:** E khothalletsa kholo ea makala, makhasi le metso; e eketsa boemo ba chlorophyll; hape e ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea photosynthetic. Sena se lebisa makaleng a tiileng le makhasi a tlokomang, se thusa ho arola lipalesa, se eketsa palo ea lipalesa, se ntlafatsa ts'ebeliso ea menontsha le metsi, 'me se matlafatsa ho hanyetsa mafu a kang anthracnose, blight le tšoaetso ea kokoana-hloko.
**3. Tšebeliso Nakong ea Mokhahlelo oa ho Budding:** E khothalletsa phapang ea lipalesa, e khothalletsa lipalesa tse ngata le tse matla, e thusa ho boloka lipalesa le litholoana, 'me e eketsa sekhahla sa ho beha litholoana.
**4. Tšebeliso Nakong ea Mokhahlelo o Monyenyane oa Litholoana:** E phahamisa maemo a lihomone ka har'a tholoana e nyenyane, e matlafatsa bokhoni ba tholoana ea ho hlōlisana bakeng sa limatlafatsi, e susumetsa karohano ea lisele, 'me e fokotsa ho theoha ha litholoana.
**5. Tšebeliso Nakong ea Mokhahlelo oa Katoloso ea Litholoana:** E matlafatsa maemo a li-hormone ka har'a tholoana, e khothalletsa ho ata ka potlako, e eketsa boima ba tholoana ka bomong, e ntlafatsa mebala ea litholoana le ho benya, 'me e thibela ho hlaha ha litholoana le ho bola.
**6. Tšebeliso Nakong ea Mokhahlelo oa Khōlo ea Litholoana:** E matlafatsa matla a ho hema a tholoana, e khothalletsa ho butsoa kapele le ho kena 'marakeng pele ho nako, e ntlafatsa boleng ba kakaretso, 'me e eketsa litaba tsa liprotheine, amino acid le divithamini. E matlafatsa boipiletso ba khoebo ka ho fokotsa ho hlaha ha litholoana tse sa sebetseng hantle, ho etsa hore bokaholimo ba litholoana bo be boreleli le bo benyang, 'me qetellong bo matlafatse tlholisano ea 'maraka. E boetse e eketsa nako ea polokelo ka mor'a kotulo le bophelo ba lishelefo.
**7. Tšebeliso ea Kamor'a Kotulo ea Litholoana:** E liehisa ho mela ha makhasi, e matlafatsa matla a photosynthetic ea makhasi, 'me e khothalletsa phetoho le ho bokella limatlafatsi. Sena se matlafatsa khanyetso ea semela khahlanong le serame le mocheso o batang, ho netefatsa phepelo e lekaneng ea limatlafatsi bakeng sa phapang ea lipalesa tsa lipalesa le lipalesa le litholoana tsa selemo se latelang, kahoo li fihlela litlhoko tsa boleng bo holimo le chai e phahameng.
**Brassinolide: Tšebeliso le litekanyetso **
**1. Ho Fafatsa ka Foliar:** 0.01–0.1 mg/kg.
**2. Kopo ea Nosetso ea Moroallo/Meroallo:** 0.05–0.5 g ka *mu* (hoo e ka bang lihekthere tse 0.067).
