Tšebeliso e Bohlale ea Balaoli ba Khōlo ea Limela ho Khothaletsa Puno ea Lifate tsa Litholoana le Ntlafatso ea Boleng.
Keketseho ea Sefate sa Litholoana le Ntlafatso ea Boleng
1. Taolo ea ho mela ha Bud
Tlhahisong ea lifate tsa litholoana, Gibberellic Acid (GA3) e sebelisoa haholo ho senya ho robala ha lipeo kapa li-buds mefuteng e itseng ea lifate, kahoo e khothalletsa ho mela ka potlako le ho khutsufatsa nako ea phekolo ea peo ho ntšetsa pele ho mela le ho eketsa sekhahla sa ho mela. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, balaoli ba kholo joalo ka methyl naphthaleneacetate ba ka lelefatsa nako ea ho phomola ha li-buds, kahoo ba thibela kapa ba lieha ho mela. Tšobotsi ena ke ea bohlokoa ka ho khetheha nakong ea ho boloka peo ea sefate sa litholoana kapa li-scions.
2. Ho Ntšetsa Metso
Tlhahisong ea lifate tsa litholoana, likhakanyo tse loketseng tsa li-auxin-based tse laolang kholo ea limela, tse kang Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA), le Naphthyl Acetic Acid (NAA), li sebelisoa haholo ho phekola scions kapa lipeo. Balaoli bana ba ka khothaletsa ho mela lifateng tsa litholoana le ho eketsa haholo palo ea metso. Le hoja Indole Acetic Acid e sebetsa hantle haholo ho khothalletseng kholo ea metso, Naphthyl Acetic Acid e sebelisoa haholo tlhahisong ea sebele ka lebaka la theko ea eona e phahameng.
3. Taolo ea Khōlo ea Meroho
Tsamaisong ea lifate tsa litholoana, ts'ebeliso ea li-retardants tsa kholo joalo ka Paclobutrazol (Paclo) le Chlormequat Chloride (CCC) li ka liehisa kapa tsa sitisa kholo ea letlobo le lecha, ho baka ho fokola ha semela ntle le ho senya meristem ea apical kapa ho kena-kenana le nts'etsopele ea sona. Lilaoli tsena li thusa ho laola kholo e feteletseng ea limela, ho khutsufatsa li-internode, ho teteana ha likutu, ho eketsa 'mala oa makhasi le botenya, ho eketsa palo ea makala a ka thōko, le ho khothalletsa mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea metso. Ho feta moo, ts'ebeliso ea li-regulator tsa kholo tse thehiloeng ho cytokinin tse kang 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) li ka khothalletsa ho mela ha li-lateral buds le ho thehoa ha letlobo la bobeli, ha li ntse li susumetsa makala a neng a se a sa sebetse hore a tsoele pele ho hōla.
4. Phapang ea Lipalesa le Nako ea Lipalesa
Tšebeliso ea litsamaiso tsa ho hōla tse kang Paclobutrazol (Paclo) le Ethephon li ka thibela ka katleho kholo e feteletseng ea limela lifateng tsa litholoana tse kang liperekisi, ka tsela eo ho khothalletsa ho thehoa le ho arohana ha lipalesa tsa lipalesa, ho eketsa palo ea lipalesa, ho finyella litholoana tsa pejana, le ho ntlafatsa sekhahla sa litholoana. Ho sebelisa gibberellic acid nakong ea mokhahlelo oa karohano ea lipalesa ho ka fokotsa palo ea lipalesa kapa ho thibela phapang ea tsona, ho fihlela phello ea ho fokotsa lipalesa, ho boloka mosebetsi, le ho thusa ho leka-lekanya chai ea lifate tsa litholoana.
5. Litholoana Beha Rate Regulation
Balaoli ba kholo ea limela ba ka ntlafatsa sekhahla sa litholoana tsa lifate tsa litholoana. Mohlala, ho fafatsa lilaoli tsa kholo ea limela joalo ka Gibberellic Acid (GA) le 2,4-D pele kapa nakong ea lipalesa ho ka eketsa sekhahla sa litholoana. Lilaoli tsena li ka boela tsa sebelisoa bakeng sa ho fokotsa litholoana ho leka-lekanya chai.
6. Ntlafatso ea Boleng ba Litholoana
Balaoli ba kholo ea limela ba sebelisoa haholo tlhahisong ea litholoana ho ntlafatsa boleng ba litholoana. Mohlala, ho sebelisa Gibberellic Acid (GA3) kapa lintho tse kang cytokinin nakong ea litholoana tse nyane ho ka khothaletsa katoloso ea litholoana kapa ho lelefatsa. Mokhoa ona ha o ntlafatse boleng ba litholoana feela empa hape o thusa ho eketsa melemo ea moruo.
7. Taelo ea ho Butsoa ha Litholoana
Ethephon e khothalletsa ho butsoa ha litholoana, ha Gibberellic Acid (GA3) e liehisa. Mohlala, ho fafatsa ka likhakanyo tse loketseng tsa Gibberellic Acid (GA3) kapa salicylic acid ho ka eketsa ho tiea ha litholoana, ha thibela ethylene synthesis, 'me ka hona ho chechisa ho butsoa le ho fumaneha ha 'maraka oa litholoana tse kang liapole.
8. Parthenocarpy Induction
Litaolo tsa kholo ea limela tse kang auxins le Gibberellic Acid li ka susumetsa tsoelo-pele ea ovary limela. Ka ho phekola lifate tse ling tsa litholoana ka IAA kapa GA3, parthenocarpy e ka hlohlelletsoa, ho fella ka litholoana tse se nang peo. Mokhoa ona ha o ntlafatse boleng ba litholoana feela empa hape o thusa ho eketsa melemo ea moruo.
9. Ntlafatso ea Khatello ea Maikutlo
Balaoli ba kholo ea limela ba na le phello e kholo ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa khatello ea kelello ea lifate tsa litholoana. Ethephon ka katleho e ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa serame le serame sa liapole, ha jasmonic acid le methyl ester ea eona e amana haufi-ufi le ho hanyetsa mafu le ho hanyetsa komello ea lifate tsa litholoana.
10. Likopo tsa Setso sa Tissue
Ba laolang kholo ea limela ba phetha karolo ea bohlokoa moetlong oa lifate tsa litholoana. Li susumetsa haholo morphogenesis le taolo ea litloaelo tsa lisele tsa in vitro. Ka ho khetha ka mokhoa o utloahalang mokhoa oa motheo oa setso, ho laola maemo a leseli, mocheso oa setso le mongobo, le ho kopanya mefuta e nepahetseng ea li-hormone le ho tsepamisa mohopolo, ho tsosolosoa ha lifate tsa litholoana ho ka khothaletsoa ka katleho.
11. Theknoloji ea Kotulo ea Mechini
Bakeng sa lifate tsa litholoana tse kang jujube le plums, kotulo ea mechine ke mokhoa o sebetsang hantle haholo. Ho fafatsa ka 200-300 mg/L ea ethylene sulfide ho khothalletsa ho theoha ha litholoana tsa tlhaho, ho fokotsa haholo moroalo oa kotulo ka letsoho.
12. Theknoloji ea ho boloka le ho boloka
Ho phekola litholoana ka li-regulator tsa kholo ea limela, joalo ka ethylene inhibitors kapa thiophanate-methyl, ho ka lelefatsa bophelo ba sethala sa litholoana, ka hona ho fokotsa tahlehelo le phaello e ntseng e eketseha.
13. Taolo ea lehola
Litaolo tse ling tsa kholo ea limela li ka tsoakoa le libolaea-lehola ho ntlafatsa taolo ea lehola le ho eketsa chai ea litholoana, ha li ntse li bolokehile ebile li se kotsi lifateng tsa litholoana. Ha 2,4-D e sebelisoa hammoho le meriana e bolaeang limela, e ka felisa lehola ka katleho.
1. Taolo ea ho mela ha Bud
Tlhahisong ea lifate tsa litholoana, Gibberellic Acid (GA3) e sebelisoa haholo ho senya ho robala ha lipeo kapa li-buds mefuteng e itseng ea lifate, kahoo e khothalletsa ho mela ka potlako le ho khutsufatsa nako ea phekolo ea peo ho ntšetsa pele ho mela le ho eketsa sekhahla sa ho mela. Ka lehlakoreng le leng, balaoli ba kholo joalo ka methyl naphthaleneacetate ba ka lelefatsa nako ea ho phomola ha li-buds, kahoo ba thibela kapa ba lieha ho mela. Tšobotsi ena ke ea bohlokoa ka ho khetheha nakong ea ho boloka peo ea sefate sa litholoana kapa li-scions.
2. Ho Ntšetsa Metso
Tlhahisong ea lifate tsa litholoana, likhakanyo tse loketseng tsa li-auxin-based tse laolang kholo ea limela, tse kang Indole Acetic Acid (IAA), Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA), le Naphthyl Acetic Acid (NAA), li sebelisoa haholo ho phekola scions kapa lipeo. Balaoli bana ba ka khothaletsa ho mela lifateng tsa litholoana le ho eketsa haholo palo ea metso. Le hoja Indole Acetic Acid e sebetsa hantle haholo ho khothalletseng kholo ea metso, Naphthyl Acetic Acid e sebelisoa haholo tlhahisong ea sebele ka lebaka la theko ea eona e phahameng.
3. Taolo ea Khōlo ea Meroho
Tsamaisong ea lifate tsa litholoana, ts'ebeliso ea li-retardants tsa kholo joalo ka Paclobutrazol (Paclo) le Chlormequat Chloride (CCC) li ka liehisa kapa tsa sitisa kholo ea letlobo le lecha, ho baka ho fokola ha semela ntle le ho senya meristem ea apical kapa ho kena-kenana le nts'etsopele ea sona. Lilaoli tsena li thusa ho laola kholo e feteletseng ea limela, ho khutsufatsa li-internode, ho teteana ha likutu, ho eketsa 'mala oa makhasi le botenya, ho eketsa palo ea makala a ka thōko, le ho khothalletsa mekhoa e tsoetseng pele ea metso. Ho feta moo, ts'ebeliso ea li-regulator tsa kholo tse thehiloeng ho cytokinin tse kang 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) li ka khothalletsa ho mela ha li-lateral buds le ho thehoa ha letlobo la bobeli, ha li ntse li susumetsa makala a neng a se a sa sebetse hore a tsoele pele ho hōla.
4. Phapang ea Lipalesa le Nako ea Lipalesa
Tšebeliso ea litsamaiso tsa ho hōla tse kang Paclobutrazol (Paclo) le Ethephon li ka thibela ka katleho kholo e feteletseng ea limela lifateng tsa litholoana tse kang liperekisi, ka tsela eo ho khothalletsa ho thehoa le ho arohana ha lipalesa tsa lipalesa, ho eketsa palo ea lipalesa, ho finyella litholoana tsa pejana, le ho ntlafatsa sekhahla sa litholoana. Ho sebelisa gibberellic acid nakong ea mokhahlelo oa karohano ea lipalesa ho ka fokotsa palo ea lipalesa kapa ho thibela phapang ea tsona, ho fihlela phello ea ho fokotsa lipalesa, ho boloka mosebetsi, le ho thusa ho leka-lekanya chai ea lifate tsa litholoana.
5. Litholoana Beha Rate Regulation
Balaoli ba kholo ea limela ba ka ntlafatsa sekhahla sa litholoana tsa lifate tsa litholoana. Mohlala, ho fafatsa lilaoli tsa kholo ea limela joalo ka Gibberellic Acid (GA) le 2,4-D pele kapa nakong ea lipalesa ho ka eketsa sekhahla sa litholoana. Lilaoli tsena li ka boela tsa sebelisoa bakeng sa ho fokotsa litholoana ho leka-lekanya chai.
6. Ntlafatso ea Boleng ba Litholoana
Balaoli ba kholo ea limela ba sebelisoa haholo tlhahisong ea litholoana ho ntlafatsa boleng ba litholoana. Mohlala, ho sebelisa Gibberellic Acid (GA3) kapa lintho tse kang cytokinin nakong ea litholoana tse nyane ho ka khothaletsa katoloso ea litholoana kapa ho lelefatsa. Mokhoa ona ha o ntlafatse boleng ba litholoana feela empa hape o thusa ho eketsa melemo ea moruo.
7. Taelo ea ho Butsoa ha Litholoana
Ethephon e khothalletsa ho butsoa ha litholoana, ha Gibberellic Acid (GA3) e liehisa. Mohlala, ho fafatsa ka likhakanyo tse loketseng tsa Gibberellic Acid (GA3) kapa salicylic acid ho ka eketsa ho tiea ha litholoana, ha thibela ethylene synthesis, 'me ka hona ho chechisa ho butsoa le ho fumaneha ha 'maraka oa litholoana tse kang liapole.
8. Parthenocarpy Induction
Litaolo tsa kholo ea limela tse kang auxins le Gibberellic Acid li ka susumetsa tsoelo-pele ea ovary limela. Ka ho phekola lifate tse ling tsa litholoana ka IAA kapa GA3, parthenocarpy e ka hlohlelletsoa, ho fella ka litholoana tse se nang peo. Mokhoa ona ha o ntlafatse boleng ba litholoana feela empa hape o thusa ho eketsa melemo ea moruo.
9. Ntlafatso ea Khatello ea Maikutlo
Balaoli ba kholo ea limela ba na le phello e kholo ho ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa khatello ea kelello ea lifate tsa litholoana. Ethephon ka katleho e ntlafatsa ho hanyetsa serame le serame sa liapole, ha jasmonic acid le methyl ester ea eona e amana haufi-ufi le ho hanyetsa mafu le ho hanyetsa komello ea lifate tsa litholoana.
10. Likopo tsa Setso sa Tissue
Ba laolang kholo ea limela ba phetha karolo ea bohlokoa moetlong oa lifate tsa litholoana. Li susumetsa haholo morphogenesis le taolo ea litloaelo tsa lisele tsa in vitro. Ka ho khetha ka mokhoa o utloahalang mokhoa oa motheo oa setso, ho laola maemo a leseli, mocheso oa setso le mongobo, le ho kopanya mefuta e nepahetseng ea li-hormone le ho tsepamisa mohopolo, ho tsosolosoa ha lifate tsa litholoana ho ka khothaletsoa ka katleho.
11. Theknoloji ea Kotulo ea Mechini
Bakeng sa lifate tsa litholoana tse kang jujube le plums, kotulo ea mechine ke mokhoa o sebetsang hantle haholo. Ho fafatsa ka 200-300 mg/L ea ethylene sulfide ho khothalletsa ho theoha ha litholoana tsa tlhaho, ho fokotsa haholo moroalo oa kotulo ka letsoho.
12. Theknoloji ea ho boloka le ho boloka
Ho phekola litholoana ka li-regulator tsa kholo ea limela, joalo ka ethylene inhibitors kapa thiophanate-methyl, ho ka lelefatsa bophelo ba sethala sa litholoana, ka hona ho fokotsa tahlehelo le phaello e ntseng e eketseha.
13. Taolo ea lehola
Litaolo tse ling tsa kholo ea limela li ka tsoakoa le libolaea-lehola ho ntlafatsa taolo ea lehola le ho eketsa chai ea litholoana, ha li ntse li bolokehile ebile li se kotsi lifateng tsa litholoana. Ha 2,4-D e sebelisoa hammoho le meriana e bolaeang limela, e ka felisa lehola ka katleho.
