Ho Sebelisa Litaolo tsa Khōlo ea Limela ho Thusa Mekhoeng ea Temo e Phahameng ea Matokomane
Matokomane ke limela tsa herbaceous tsa selemo le selemo tsa mofuta oa Arachis oa lelapa la Fabaceae. Ba simolohile Amerika Boroa. Linaha tse fetang 100 lefatšeng ka bophara li lema matokomane, 'me Asia ke eona e atileng haholo, e lateloe ke Afrika. Karolo e latelang, ho sebelisoa matokomane a lehlabula karolong e ka leboea ea Chaena e le mohlala, e thathamisa mosebetsi oa khoeli le khoeli oa tsamaiso ea ts'ireletso ea semela sa matokomane ho tloha ha e jala pele ho kotuloa.
I. Nako ea Boitokisetso Pele ho jala
1. Lipontšo tsa Tsamaiso ea Tšimo: Khetho ea Sebaka, Nontša, Khetho ea Peō, Phekolo ea Peō
(1) Khetho ea Sebaka
Qoba ho lema lijalo. Ka mor'a hore lijalo tse fetileng li kotuloe, lema hang-hang ka mokhoa o sa tebang ho tlosa litlhaka, ka kakaretso 10-17 cm, ho senya le ho lekanya mobu bakeng sa ho lema. Ka mor'a ho hlaha, lema hang-hang 'me u sebelise manyolo a sebetsang kapele. Bakeng sa ho lema matokomane matsoapong a koro, mohoma o tebileng le harrow pele ho jala koro, ka botebo bo fetang 26 cm, 'me u sebelise manyolo a tlhaho. Bakeng sa ho lema mapheo, bolelele ba mapheo ka kakaretso ke 17 cm, sebaka sa mapheo ke 33-40 cm, 'me mola o le mong o jaloa ho pota. Jala hang ka mor'a ho lema mapheo ho thibela tahlehelo ea mongobo hore e se ke ea ama ho hlaha ha sethopo.
(2) Sebelisa manyolo a motheo a lekaneng.
Bongata ba manyolo a motheo a sebelisoang ho matokomane hangata a lokela ho ikarabella bakeng sa 70% -80% ea kakaretso ea manyolo a sebelisoang, haholo-holo a nang le manyolo a bolileng hantle, a tlatsitsoeng ka menontsha ea inorganic joalo ka superphosphate, potassium chloride le lime. Naetrojene, phosphorus le potasiamo ka monontša oa motheo o ka sebelisoa ka karolelano ea 1:1:2.
(3) Khetha peo ka hloko.
Pele u jala, khetha lipeo ka hloko, u tlose lipeo tse kulang, tse bolileng le tse ling tse sa tsitsang, 'me u li omise ka matsatsi a 1-2 ha letsatsi le chabile.
(4) Ho roala peō le ho phekola peo.
Maikemišetšo a magolo a thibelo le taolo ke malwetši a medu le thito, bjalo ka go bola ga modu, go bola ga medu, go bola ga motso, le bolwetši bja cyst nematode. Ela hloko thibelo le taolo ea likokoanyana tse ka tlas'a lefatše tse kang likhoele, li-grubs le li-wireworms. Motsoako oa li-fungicides, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, le lilaoli tsa kholo ea limela li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa kalafo ea peo kapa ho koahela peo.
2. Taolo ea lehola ka lik'hemik'hale
Ho fafatsa libolaea-lehola pele ho hlaha holim'a mobu ka mor'a ho jala matokomane empa pele sethopo se hlaha ho ka laola lehola ka katleho.
II. Ho mela ha Peō le Mokhahlelo oa Lipeo
Mokhahlelo oa ho mela le ho mela ha peo o hlalosoa e le nako ea ho tloha ho jala ho fihlela ha 50% ea lipeo li hlaha le ho hlahisa lekhasi la pele la 'nete.
1. Lipontšo Tsa Tsamaiso ea Tšimo
Ho lema ho hloka hore peo e be le peo e felletseng le e ts'oanang ho tloha ho jala.
2. Mekhoa e Meholo ea Temo
Ho fokotsa kapa ho tlosa lipeo ka nako ho filimi ea mulch, ho hlahloba lipeo le ho lema hape, ho thibela ho senyeha ha serame, le ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa ho hōla tse kang polyphenols, DA-6 amino acid ester, le S-inducer ka acre, ho itšetlehile ka maemo a leholimo, ho matlafatsa ho hanyetsa khatello ea kelello le ho hlaolela lipeo tse matla.
III. Seedling Stage
Sekhahla sa lipeo se hlalosoa e le nako ea ho tloha ho hlaha ho fihlela ha 50% ea limela li bula palesa ea tsona ea pele.
1. Lipontšo Tsa Tsamaiso ea Tšimo
Boloka lipeo tse tsoetsoeng ka ho feletseng, ho khothalletsa ho hōla ha metso le lipeo tse matla, ho khothalletsa ho palesa kapele le ka bongata, 'me u hahamalle ho ba le makala a teteaneng le kholo ea internode ho rala motheo oa chai e ngata.
2. Mekhoa e Meholo ea Temo
(1) Nontša: Lipeo li monya naetrojene le phosphorus e nyenyane, empa nakong ea rosette, khōlo ea semela e potlakisa haholo, ha limatlafatsi tse tsoang peōng li fokotseha haholo, 'me maqhutsu a metso ha a e-s'o thehoe. Ka hona, ts'ebeliso e nepahetseng ea N le P nakong ea seeding e ka khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea maqhutsu a metso, ea nolofatsa ho lokisoa ha naetrojene ka rhizobia, ea khothaletsa phapang ea lipalesa le ho eketsa palo ea lipalesa tse sebetsang hantle. Ho khothalletsoa hore nakong ena, ho latela litlhoko tsa limatlafatsi tsa peanut, ho fafatsoa ka foliar ea calcium nitrate le potassium dinitrogen phosphate, hammoho le tšebeliso ea li-regulator tse le 'ngoe kapa tse peli tse kang sodium Nitrophenolates, DA-6, Brassinolide, Triacontanol, Chlormequat Chloride, le leiafdete ea chloride le ho khothalletsa ho hōla ha metso e matla le Mepiquat. sethopo.
(2) Taolo ea Likokonyana le Mafu: Lefu le ka sehloohong le lokelang ho laoloa nakong ena ke letheba la makhasi. Ho fafatsa ka acre e 'ngoe ka li-fungicides tse kang mancozeb kapa imazalil manganese letsoai, li kopantsoe le li-regulator tse kang sodium nitrophenolate, ho ka ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le ho tsosolosa matla a sethopo. Sesenyi se seholo se lokelang ho laoloa ke hoaba, e ka laoloang ka ho fafatsa ka imidacloprid, acetamiprid, joalo-joalo.
IV. Mokhahlelo oa Lipalesa le oa ho Etsa Lithakhisa
Sekhahla sa lipalesa le pegging, se tsejoang hape e le sethala sa pegging, ke ho tloha qalong ea lipalesa ho fihlela 50% ea limela e bonts'a litholoana tse nyane tse sebopeho sa khoho.
1. Lipontšo Tsa Tsamaiso ea Tšimo
Khothaletsa lipalesa tsa pele le tse ngata, ka sepheo sa makala a mangata le li-node tse teteaneng ho theha motheo oa chai e ngata.
2. Mekhoa e Meholo ea Temo
(1) Taolo ea Fertilizer: Ho monya N, P, le K ke hoo e ka bang 23-33% ea kakaretso ea ho monya. Mothating ona, palo e kholo ea maqhutsu a metso e theha, e fana ka makotomane a nang le naetrojene e ntseng e eketseha. Ho khothalletsoa ho sebelisa potassium, calcium, le menontsha ea boron foliar nakong ena ho tlatsetsa litlhoko tsa phepo ea peanut.
(2) Taolo ea Likokonyana le Mafu: Taolo ea likokoanyana le mafu e lokela ho tsoela pele ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho thibeleng lefu la matheba a makhasi, ha e ntse e thibela mafome a matokomane. Ho fafatsa ka acre ka flusilazole kapa imazalil manganese letsoai, ho kopantsoe le ho fafatsa Sodium Nitrophenolates kapa DA-6, ebe ho fafatsa hape ka matsatsi a mang le a mang a 7-10 ho tla hlahisa litholoana tse ntle. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ka lebaka la mocheso o ntseng o phahama, ho lokela ho lebisoa tlhokomelo ho thibela ho hlaha ha lefu la kokoana-hloko ea peanut dwarfing. Ho laola hoaba ho bohlokoa nakong ea ho lema. Haeba tšenyo ea mafu a kokoana-hloko e fumanoa, hammoho le taolo ea hoaba, ho fafatsa ka acre ka li-antiviral agents tse kang methylphenidate ho ka thibela le ho fokotsa tšenyo ea mafu a kokoana-hloko.
V. Pod Formation Stage
Mokhahlelo oa ho theha pod ke ho tloha ponahalong ea likhahla tse nyenyane ho ea ho 50% ea limela tse nang le li-pods tse tletseng.
1. Lipontšo Tsa Tsamaiso ea Tšimo
Laola kholo e feteletseng ho thibela bolulo, ho thibela mafu a makhasi, foliar fafatsa boron ho eketsa boima ba litholoana, le ho ntlafatsa sekhahla sa ho beha litholoana le sekhahla sa botlalo.
2. Mekhoa e Meholo ea Temo
(1) Taolo ea Fertilizer: Ho monya naetrojene le phosphorus nakong ena ho etsa hoo e ka bang 50% ea ho monya hohle ha nako eohle ea kholo. Ho netefatsa phepelo ea khalsiamo nakong ena ho ka ntlafatsa sekhahla sa botlalo; ho etsa bonnete ba hore phepelo ea phosphorus e ka ntlafatsa boleng ba oli ea peo. Ho fafatsa ka foliar ea k'halsiamo nitrate le boric acid, ho kopantsoe le tšebeliso ea li-amino acid esters, ho ka khothalletsa ho atolosa metso le litholoana, ho eketsa bokhoni ba makhasi a photosynthetic, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang, hoa hlokahala ho khetha le ho sebelisa li-regulators tse kang calcium cyclamate le paclobutrazol ho laola khōlo e feteletseng.
(2) Taolo ea Likokoana-hloko le Mafu: Mafu a ka sehloohong a lokelang ho laoloa nakong ea ho beha pod ke letheba la makhasi le mafome. Nakong ena, ho lokela ho lebisoa tlhokomelo ho tsoelapele ho fafatsa letsoai la flusilazole kapa imazalil manganese ka acre e le 'ngoe hammoho le manyolo a foliar. Ho feta moo, nako ea ho beha peanut pod ka mor'a litlhaka tsa koro e tsamaellana le mocheso o phahameng le nako ea lipula, 'me ho bola ha baktheria ea peanut ho ka etsahala haholo ka mor'a pula e matla. Ka nako ena, tlhokomelo e lokela ho lefshoa ho fafatsa streptomycin ea temo le mahlahana a mang ho thibela ho hlaha ha mafu a baktheria. Libakeng tse nang le tlhaselo e matla ea likokoanyana tse ka tlas'a lefatše, 40% phoxim EC kapa 40% methyl isofenphos EC e ka tsoakoa le mobu o motle ho etsa mobu o chefo ka mumo (hoo e ka bang lihekthere tse 0.067). Mobu ona o chefo o lokela ho aloa fatše pele o lema ebe o kenngoa mobung nakong ea ho lema. Li-microencapsulated formulations tsa phoxim kapa methyl isofenphos li sebetsa le ho feta.
VI. Litholoana Maturity Stage
Mokhahlelo oa kholo ea litholoana o hlalosoa e le nako ea ho tloha ha 50% ea limela e e-ba le litholoana ho fihlela boholo ba li-pods li se li hōlile ka ho feletseng.
1. Lipontšo Tsa Tsamaiso ea Tšimo
Sireletsa mahlaku a sebetsang, thibela bolulo, thibela ho tsofala pele ho nako, fafatsa ka phosphorus le menontsha ea potasiamo ho khothalletsa phetiso ea limatlafatsi ho tloha ho stems le makhasi ho ea ho li-pods, ho eketsa li-pod, le ho eketsa boima ba litholoana.
2. Mekhoa e Meholo ea Temo
(1) Taolo ea menontsha: Tšebeliso ea metsi le litlhoko tsa manyolo lia fokotseha nakong ea boemo ba bobeli ba kholo ea litholoana. Haeba komello e etsahala mme ho se na bokhoni ba ho lefella, mohato oa khōlo ea litholoana o tla khutsufatsoa, ho lebisa ho fokotseng chai. Ka nako ena, tlhokomelo e lokela ho lefshoa ho kopanya foliar ho fafatsa menontsha ea phosphorus le potasiamo le tšebeliso ea li-regulator tse kang sodium Nitrophenolates, DA-6, le 6-BA ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea makhasi, ho khothalletsa phetoho e potlakileng ea lik'habohaedreite hore e be mafura, le ho thibela ho theoha ha makhasi a physiological.
(2) Taolo ea likokoanyana le mafu: Nako ea kholo ea ho tlatsa pod ke mohato oa morao oa kholo ea matokomane. Ka nako ena, palo ea letheba la makhasi le likokoana-hloko tsa mafome li bokelletse ho boleng bo boholo. Li-agent tsa taolo li lokela ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho fokotsa palo ea li-spores. Ho fafatsa letsoai la mancozeb kapa imazalil manganese letsoai ka 'ngoe, ho kopantsoe le ts'ebeliso ea taolo ea kholo joalo ka Sodium Nitrophenolates kapa DA-6, ho tla ba le phello e ntle.
VII. Kotulo le ho bolokoa ka nako ka likhetla
1. Kotulo e nakong
(1) E itšetlehile ka ho hōla ha limela;
(2) E itšetlehile ka sekhahla sa ho tlatsa pod: 80%;
(3) Ho ipapisitsoe le liphetoho tsa mocheso kapa litlhoko tsa temo e latelang ea matokomane.
2. Ho boloka likhetla
Mongobo o bolokehileng oa polokelo ea li-pods ke 10%.
I. Nako ea Boitokisetso Pele ho jala
1. Lipontšo tsa Tsamaiso ea Tšimo: Khetho ea Sebaka, Nontša, Khetho ea Peō, Phekolo ea Peō
(1) Khetho ea Sebaka
Qoba ho lema lijalo. Ka mor'a hore lijalo tse fetileng li kotuloe, lema hang-hang ka mokhoa o sa tebang ho tlosa litlhaka, ka kakaretso 10-17 cm, ho senya le ho lekanya mobu bakeng sa ho lema. Ka mor'a ho hlaha, lema hang-hang 'me u sebelise manyolo a sebetsang kapele. Bakeng sa ho lema matokomane matsoapong a koro, mohoma o tebileng le harrow pele ho jala koro, ka botebo bo fetang 26 cm, 'me u sebelise manyolo a tlhaho. Bakeng sa ho lema mapheo, bolelele ba mapheo ka kakaretso ke 17 cm, sebaka sa mapheo ke 33-40 cm, 'me mola o le mong o jaloa ho pota. Jala hang ka mor'a ho lema mapheo ho thibela tahlehelo ea mongobo hore e se ke ea ama ho hlaha ha sethopo.
(2) Sebelisa manyolo a motheo a lekaneng.
Bongata ba manyolo a motheo a sebelisoang ho matokomane hangata a lokela ho ikarabella bakeng sa 70% -80% ea kakaretso ea manyolo a sebelisoang, haholo-holo a nang le manyolo a bolileng hantle, a tlatsitsoeng ka menontsha ea inorganic joalo ka superphosphate, potassium chloride le lime. Naetrojene, phosphorus le potasiamo ka monontša oa motheo o ka sebelisoa ka karolelano ea 1:1:2.
(3) Khetha peo ka hloko.
Pele u jala, khetha lipeo ka hloko, u tlose lipeo tse kulang, tse bolileng le tse ling tse sa tsitsang, 'me u li omise ka matsatsi a 1-2 ha letsatsi le chabile.
(4) Ho roala peō le ho phekola peo.
Maikemišetšo a magolo a thibelo le taolo ke malwetši a medu le thito, bjalo ka go bola ga modu, go bola ga medu, go bola ga motso, le bolwetši bja cyst nematode. Ela hloko thibelo le taolo ea likokoanyana tse ka tlas'a lefatše tse kang likhoele, li-grubs le li-wireworms. Motsoako oa li-fungicides, chefo e bolaeang likokoanyana, le lilaoli tsa kholo ea limela li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa kalafo ea peo kapa ho koahela peo.
2. Taolo ea lehola ka lik'hemik'hale
Ho fafatsa libolaea-lehola pele ho hlaha holim'a mobu ka mor'a ho jala matokomane empa pele sethopo se hlaha ho ka laola lehola ka katleho.
II. Ho mela ha Peō le Mokhahlelo oa Lipeo
Mokhahlelo oa ho mela le ho mela ha peo o hlalosoa e le nako ea ho tloha ho jala ho fihlela ha 50% ea lipeo li hlaha le ho hlahisa lekhasi la pele la 'nete.
1. Lipontšo Tsa Tsamaiso ea Tšimo
Ho lema ho hloka hore peo e be le peo e felletseng le e ts'oanang ho tloha ho jala.
2. Mekhoa e Meholo ea Temo
Ho fokotsa kapa ho tlosa lipeo ka nako ho filimi ea mulch, ho hlahloba lipeo le ho lema hape, ho thibela ho senyeha ha serame, le ho sebelisa lisebelisoa tsa ho hōla tse kang polyphenols, DA-6 amino acid ester, le S-inducer ka acre, ho itšetlehile ka maemo a leholimo, ho matlafatsa ho hanyetsa khatello ea kelello le ho hlaolela lipeo tse matla.
III. Seedling Stage
Sekhahla sa lipeo se hlalosoa e le nako ea ho tloha ho hlaha ho fihlela ha 50% ea limela li bula palesa ea tsona ea pele.
1. Lipontšo Tsa Tsamaiso ea Tšimo
Boloka lipeo tse tsoetsoeng ka ho feletseng, ho khothalletsa ho hōla ha metso le lipeo tse matla, ho khothalletsa ho palesa kapele le ka bongata, 'me u hahamalle ho ba le makala a teteaneng le kholo ea internode ho rala motheo oa chai e ngata.
2. Mekhoa e Meholo ea Temo
(1) Nontša: Lipeo li monya naetrojene le phosphorus e nyenyane, empa nakong ea rosette, khōlo ea semela e potlakisa haholo, ha limatlafatsi tse tsoang peōng li fokotseha haholo, 'me maqhutsu a metso ha a e-s'o thehoe. Ka hona, ts'ebeliso e nepahetseng ea N le P nakong ea seeding e ka khothaletsa nts'etsopele ea maqhutsu a metso, ea nolofatsa ho lokisoa ha naetrojene ka rhizobia, ea khothaletsa phapang ea lipalesa le ho eketsa palo ea lipalesa tse sebetsang hantle. Ho khothalletsoa hore nakong ena, ho latela litlhoko tsa limatlafatsi tsa peanut, ho fafatsoa ka foliar ea calcium nitrate le potassium dinitrogen phosphate, hammoho le tšebeliso ea li-regulator tse le 'ngoe kapa tse peli tse kang sodium Nitrophenolates, DA-6, Brassinolide, Triacontanol, Chlormequat Chloride, le leiafdete ea chloride le ho khothalletsa ho hōla ha metso e matla le Mepiquat. sethopo.
(2) Taolo ea Likokonyana le Mafu: Lefu le ka sehloohong le lokelang ho laoloa nakong ena ke letheba la makhasi. Ho fafatsa ka acre e 'ngoe ka li-fungicides tse kang mancozeb kapa imazalil manganese letsoai, li kopantsoe le li-regulator tse kang sodium nitrophenolate, ho ka ntlafatsa ts'ebetso le ho tsosolosa matla a sethopo. Sesenyi se seholo se lokelang ho laoloa ke hoaba, e ka laoloang ka ho fafatsa ka imidacloprid, acetamiprid, joalo-joalo.
IV. Mokhahlelo oa Lipalesa le oa ho Etsa Lithakhisa
Sekhahla sa lipalesa le pegging, se tsejoang hape e le sethala sa pegging, ke ho tloha qalong ea lipalesa ho fihlela 50% ea limela e bonts'a litholoana tse nyane tse sebopeho sa khoho.
1. Lipontšo Tsa Tsamaiso ea Tšimo
Khothaletsa lipalesa tsa pele le tse ngata, ka sepheo sa makala a mangata le li-node tse teteaneng ho theha motheo oa chai e ngata.
2. Mekhoa e Meholo ea Temo
(1) Taolo ea Fertilizer: Ho monya N, P, le K ke hoo e ka bang 23-33% ea kakaretso ea ho monya. Mothating ona, palo e kholo ea maqhutsu a metso e theha, e fana ka makotomane a nang le naetrojene e ntseng e eketseha. Ho khothalletsoa ho sebelisa potassium, calcium, le menontsha ea boron foliar nakong ena ho tlatsetsa litlhoko tsa phepo ea peanut.
(2) Taolo ea Likokonyana le Mafu: Taolo ea likokoanyana le mafu e lokela ho tsoela pele ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho thibeleng lefu la matheba a makhasi, ha e ntse e thibela mafome a matokomane. Ho fafatsa ka acre ka flusilazole kapa imazalil manganese letsoai, ho kopantsoe le ho fafatsa Sodium Nitrophenolates kapa DA-6, ebe ho fafatsa hape ka matsatsi a mang le a mang a 7-10 ho tla hlahisa litholoana tse ntle. Ka nako e ts'oanang, ka lebaka la mocheso o ntseng o phahama, ho lokela ho lebisoa tlhokomelo ho thibela ho hlaha ha lefu la kokoana-hloko ea peanut dwarfing. Ho laola hoaba ho bohlokoa nakong ea ho lema. Haeba tšenyo ea mafu a kokoana-hloko e fumanoa, hammoho le taolo ea hoaba, ho fafatsa ka acre ka li-antiviral agents tse kang methylphenidate ho ka thibela le ho fokotsa tšenyo ea mafu a kokoana-hloko.
V. Pod Formation Stage
Mokhahlelo oa ho theha pod ke ho tloha ponahalong ea likhahla tse nyenyane ho ea ho 50% ea limela tse nang le li-pods tse tletseng.
1. Lipontšo Tsa Tsamaiso ea Tšimo
Laola kholo e feteletseng ho thibela bolulo, ho thibela mafu a makhasi, foliar fafatsa boron ho eketsa boima ba litholoana, le ho ntlafatsa sekhahla sa ho beha litholoana le sekhahla sa botlalo.
2. Mekhoa e Meholo ea Temo
(1) Taolo ea Fertilizer: Ho monya naetrojene le phosphorus nakong ena ho etsa hoo e ka bang 50% ea ho monya hohle ha nako eohle ea kholo. Ho netefatsa phepelo ea khalsiamo nakong ena ho ka ntlafatsa sekhahla sa botlalo; ho etsa bonnete ba hore phepelo ea phosphorus e ka ntlafatsa boleng ba oli ea peo. Ho fafatsa ka foliar ea k'halsiamo nitrate le boric acid, ho kopantsoe le tšebeliso ea li-amino acid esters, ho ka khothalletsa ho atolosa metso le litholoana, ho eketsa bokhoni ba makhasi a photosynthetic, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang, hoa hlokahala ho khetha le ho sebelisa li-regulators tse kang calcium cyclamate le paclobutrazol ho laola khōlo e feteletseng.
(2) Taolo ea Likokoana-hloko le Mafu: Mafu a ka sehloohong a lokelang ho laoloa nakong ea ho beha pod ke letheba la makhasi le mafome. Nakong ena, ho lokela ho lebisoa tlhokomelo ho tsoelapele ho fafatsa letsoai la flusilazole kapa imazalil manganese ka acre e le 'ngoe hammoho le manyolo a foliar. Ho feta moo, nako ea ho beha peanut pod ka mor'a litlhaka tsa koro e tsamaellana le mocheso o phahameng le nako ea lipula, 'me ho bola ha baktheria ea peanut ho ka etsahala haholo ka mor'a pula e matla. Ka nako ena, tlhokomelo e lokela ho lefshoa ho fafatsa streptomycin ea temo le mahlahana a mang ho thibela ho hlaha ha mafu a baktheria. Libakeng tse nang le tlhaselo e matla ea likokoanyana tse ka tlas'a lefatše, 40% phoxim EC kapa 40% methyl isofenphos EC e ka tsoakoa le mobu o motle ho etsa mobu o chefo ka mumo (hoo e ka bang lihekthere tse 0.067). Mobu ona o chefo o lokela ho aloa fatše pele o lema ebe o kenngoa mobung nakong ea ho lema. Li-microencapsulated formulations tsa phoxim kapa methyl isofenphos li sebetsa le ho feta.
VI. Litholoana Maturity Stage
Mokhahlelo oa kholo ea litholoana o hlalosoa e le nako ea ho tloha ha 50% ea limela e e-ba le litholoana ho fihlela boholo ba li-pods li se li hōlile ka ho feletseng.
1. Lipontšo Tsa Tsamaiso ea Tšimo
Sireletsa mahlaku a sebetsang, thibela bolulo, thibela ho tsofala pele ho nako, fafatsa ka phosphorus le menontsha ea potasiamo ho khothalletsa phetiso ea limatlafatsi ho tloha ho stems le makhasi ho ea ho li-pods, ho eketsa li-pod, le ho eketsa boima ba litholoana.
2. Mekhoa e Meholo ea Temo
(1) Taolo ea menontsha: Tšebeliso ea metsi le litlhoko tsa manyolo lia fokotseha nakong ea boemo ba bobeli ba kholo ea litholoana. Haeba komello e etsahala mme ho se na bokhoni ba ho lefella, mohato oa khōlo ea litholoana o tla khutsufatsoa, ho lebisa ho fokotseng chai. Ka nako ena, tlhokomelo e lokela ho lefshoa ho kopanya foliar ho fafatsa menontsha ea phosphorus le potasiamo le tšebeliso ea li-regulator tse kang sodium Nitrophenolates, DA-6, le 6-BA ho ntlafatsa ts'ebetso ea makhasi, ho khothalletsa phetoho e potlakileng ea lik'habohaedreite hore e be mafura, le ho thibela ho theoha ha makhasi a physiological.
(2) Taolo ea likokoanyana le mafu: Nako ea kholo ea ho tlatsa pod ke mohato oa morao oa kholo ea matokomane. Ka nako ena, palo ea letheba la makhasi le likokoana-hloko tsa mafome li bokelletse ho boleng bo boholo. Li-agent tsa taolo li lokela ho tsepamisa maikutlo ho fokotsa palo ea li-spores. Ho fafatsa letsoai la mancozeb kapa imazalil manganese letsoai ka 'ngoe, ho kopantsoe le ts'ebeliso ea taolo ea kholo joalo ka Sodium Nitrophenolates kapa DA-6, ho tla ba le phello e ntle.
VII. Kotulo le ho bolokoa ka nako ka likhetla
1. Kotulo e nakong
(1) E itšetlehile ka ho hōla ha limela;
(2) E itšetlehile ka sekhahla sa ho tlatsa pod: 80%;
(3) Ho ipapisitsoe le liphetoho tsa mocheso kapa litlhoko tsa temo e latelang ea matokomane.
2. Ho boloka likhetla
Mongobo o bolokehileng oa polokelo ea li-pods ke 10%.
