Iimpawu zokulima irayisi kwi-Indonesia kunye neeConices zeRisi zeRixo

I-Indonesia nguMvelisi weNtlalontle yeHlabathi yeHlabathi, kwaye ukulima irayisi yayo kunezo mpawu zilandelayo:

Isikali sezityalo
I-Indonesia ineehektare ezingama-80 ezizigidi ezingama-80 zomhlaba olimekayo, kunye ne-account yerayisi ye-ratice malunga nesinye kwisithathu sale ndawo. Ngo-2023, i-Indonesia yeRice i-Indonesia ifikelelwe iitoni ezizigidi ezingama-76, nge-oriveliged yeetoni ze-5.34 kwihektare nganye. Nangona kunjalo, iintlobo ze-hybrid irayisi ezizisiweyo zivela e-China zifumene isivuno se-12.16 iitoni kwihektare nganye kwiiploti zomboniso zasekhaya.

Iindawo zokutyala kunye neentlobo
Imveliso yerayisi yaseIndonesia ihanjiswa kwisiqithi saseJava (i-Accounting ye-51.7% yemveliso yelizwe), ilandelwa ziziqithi ezinje nge-Sumatra, uSulawesi, nase Kalimantan. Irayisi eqhelekileyo yeyona ntlobo iphambili ekukhuleni kwalapha ekhaya, irayisi yerayisi ye-hybrid ephezulu yerayisi ehlala i-3% yendawo iyonke. Nangona kunjalo, i-Indonesia ingenisa malunga ne-3 yeetoni zerayisi zerayisi qho ngonyaka ukuze ihambelane nemfuno.

Imigaqo-nkqubo kunye neemakethi
URhulumente waseIndonesia ucwangcisa ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lokutya ngokuphuhlisa izigidi ezi-3 zeehektare zendawo entsha yerayisi, ukukhuthaza imbewu esemgangathweni, kunye nokuveliswa koomatshini. Okwangoku, ixabiso lokuthenga lerayisi eIndonesia likwindawo yokunyuka, kunye nexabiso lokuthenga ezingama-2023 le-rie elimanzi eliqikelelweyo kwi-2,76-2.95 yuian ngekhilogrem nganye.

Imiceli mngeni kunye namathuba
I-Indonesia ijongene nemiceli mngeni, kubandakanya ukuncitshiswa komhlaba wokulima kunye nokukhula kwemfuno yokutya. Nangona kunjalo, ukwamkelwa kwetekhnoloji ye-Hybrid yaseCharbrid yaseTshayina (efana ne-iPago kunye neentlobo ze-iParies) zinokunyusa izivuno ngama-20% -50%. Urhulumente wase-Indonesia ukhuthaza ukwenziwa kweentlobo eziphezulu ezikude ze-chright kwaye uxhasa uphuhliso lweziseko zolimo ezifanelekileyo.

Izityalo ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zokukhula kwi-riecellic acid (GA3), palclobutrazol (pady), i-BROSCINOOLIPHE Calcium. Iingcebiso ezithile zezi zilandelayo:

I-Gibberellic Acid (GA3)
Isebenza ngexesha lokuhlwayela kunye nokutshiswa kwembewu, kunokwaphula imbewu, ukukhuthaza i-hypocotyl ye-hypocotyl, yonyusa amaxabiso okuhluma nge-10% -20%, kunye nexesha elifutshane lokuzalwa ngeentsuku ezingama-2-3. Uxilongo olucetyiswayo lokuphathwa kwembewu olupheleyo yi-20-30 MG / L (ishukuma iiyure ezingama-48-72), kunye ne-10-16 mg / l (i-s) ye-24-36 yeeyure zomsebenzi) ngenxa yokufumana ubushushu obuphantsi.

Palclobutrazol (pacc)
Isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukukhula kwezityalo okugqithileyo, ukuthintela i-internouty, i-Internored ubude 1 I-dosage ecetyiswayo yi-40 g / acre ye-15% palclobutrazol, itshizwe ngexesha lokuthoba okanye ukubopha irayisi yerayisi.

I-Brasigolide (BRS)
Ikhuthaza ifotosinthes kwaye iphucule ukunganyangeki koxinzelelo. I-24-I-Epigralwolin inokusetyenziswa njengesipresi sokutshiza foliar ukonyusa ukumelana kwezityalo; I-28-homobilwolin ilungele izilimo ezinje ngengqolowa kunye nengqolowa ukukhuthaza ukukhula.

I-ProheXadoone Calcoum
Isetyenziselwa ukulawula ukukhula okugqithisileyo kunye nokukhusela indawo yokulala kwirayisi, ukuthintela ukwahlula-hlulwa, kwaye kunqamle ubude be-internodes ye-bas. I-dosage ecetyiswayo yi-15% ye-COREXXOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOOUgram I-Calcium 40 g / mu, itshizwe ekupheleni kwenqanaba lokutsala irayisi okanye kwinqanaba lesihloko.