Izitshalo zama-hormone kanye nezitshalo zokukhula kwezitshalo zivikela yonke inqubo yokukhula kwezitshalo emkhiqizweni wesimanje wezolimo

Izitshalo zama-hormone kanye nezitshalo zokukhula zilawulwa ngokulawula ukukhula kwezitshalo, ukuthuthukiswa, kanye nezinqubo zokumelana nengcindezi ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo kwanamuhla. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ubudlelwane obunzima bokuqonda kanye nobudlelwano bokuphikisana bukhona phakathi kwama-hormone okutshala kanye nezitshalo zokukhula kwezitshalo, ngokuhlanganyela elawula wonke umjikelezo wokuphila kwesitshalo.


I. Ukuhlwanyela kanye nesithombo sesithombo: ukubeka isisekelo sezithelo eziphakeme

1. Ukwephula i-doormancy kanye nokukhuthaza umfaniswano kanye nezithombo eziqinile.
Ezinye izimbewu (ezinjengezilimo eziyizigaxa zamazambane, irayisi, kanye nembewu kakolweni) zinezikhathi ezinde zokuphumula, ezingabambezela ukutshala. Ukufaka imbewu noma nezilimo eziyizigaxa eGibberellic Acid (GA3) kungaphula ngempumelelo i-dormancy, ukukhuthaza ukuhluma kwembewu, futhi kuphumela ekuveleni okusheshayo noyunifomu.

2. Ukukhuthaza ukuthuthuka nokusheshisa ukusakazeka.
Ukwelapha isisekelo sokusika ngama-autorators asuselwa ku-auxin (i-pointing powder) efana ne-1-napthyl acetic acid acid (iBA) noma i-IBA) noma i-Iba) noma i-IBA) enjengekhukhamba njengamakhukhamba ama-roses, okuvame ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kakhulu.


II. Isigaba sokukhula Sokukhula Kwemifino: Ukulawula Ukukhula Nokubumba Isimo Sezitshalo Esihle

1. Ukulawula ukukhula, isivuno esandayo nemali engenayo.
Ekukhiqizeni imifino, ukusebenzisa ama-baltators okukhula okufana ne-GA3 · DA-6 kungakhuthaza ukukhula kwezilimo njengeklabishi yaseChina futhi kwandise isivuno. Ekutshalweni ukotini, ukusetshenziswa kwe-mepiquat chloride kusetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi ukuvimbela ukukhula kwemifino, kuvikele ukukhula kwemifino ngokweqile, futhi kugxilise izakhi zomzimba ukuze zinikeze ama-boll zikotini, ngaleyo ndlela zithole isivuno nemali engenayo.

Ukulawula ukukhula ngokweqile kwemifino nokuvimbela indawo yokuhlala.
Izilimo ezinjengommbila nelayisi zithambekele ekukhuleni kwezimila ngokweqile lapho zivundiswa ngokweqile futhi zigcwele, ziholela ekufakweni noma ekudonselweni kwezakhi. Abalimi bavame ukusebenzisa ama-retardants akhula afana ne-chlormequat chloride, i-paclobutrazol, ne-uniconazole, bazisebenzisa njengezithombo zamafutha ngesikhathi sezigaba ezibalulekile zokukhula (njengesigaba sokuqala sokuhlangana). Lokhu kuvimbela ukuqina kwesiqu, kuthuthukisa iziqu ezinkulu kanye nohlelo lwezimpande olukhiqizwayo, luthuthukisa ukumelana nokulala, futhi kubumba isimo esifanele sesitshalo.


III. Isigaba sokubeka izimbali nesithelo: Ukulondolozwa kwezimbali nezithelo, ukunquma isivuno

1. Ukukhanyisa izimbali nokulawula isikhathi sezimbali.
I-GA3 Gibberellic Acid iyinhlangano eyaziwayo "yezimbali eqhakaza." Ezitshalweni ezidinga amazinga okushisa aphansi noma izinsuku ezinde ezibangelwa yizimbali (njengezimbali ezithile nezimbali), ukufafaza i-GA3 Gibberellic acid ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezona zemvelo kungakunxenxa. I-ETHEHON, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ikhuthaza ukwahluka kwezimbali zabesifazane kwezinye izitshalo (njengemakhabe nezilimo zeSolanaceous), kwandisa inani lezithelo. Ngokukhiqizwa utamatisi, ukwelashwa no-Ethaphen kungakhuthaza ukugembula okufanayo, okuphumela ekuvuthweni kwezithelo okungaguquki kanye nokwenza lula ukuphathwa nokuvunwa.

2. Ukulondolozwa kwezimbali nokulondolozwa kwezithelo nokuncipha.
Ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezinhle zemvelo (njengokushisa okuphansi nesomiso), ama-eggplants kanye nezithelo ze-citrus zithambekele ezimbali nezithelo zethonya. Ukufafaza nge-AUXINS (2,4-D), GA3 (Gibberellic Acid), njll. Ukuqhakaza ngokweqile kanye nezithelo ezithelo ezitsheni nemifino kungaholela ezithelo ezincane futhi kwehlise ikhwalithi. Ukufafaza nge-AUXINS (NEA), i-Abscissic acid, njll.


IV. Ukuthuthukiswa kwezithelo nokuvuthwa: Ukuthuthukisa ikhwalithi nenani

1. Ukukhuthaza ukukhulisa kwezithelo.

Isebenzisa umphumela we-synergistic wama-cytokinins kanye ne-gibberellic acid kungakhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kweseli nokubumbana, okwenza ukukhuliswa kwezithelo ngokushesha. Ukwelapha izithelo ezincane ezinjengamagilebhisi, i-kiwifruit, kanye namakhabe nge-chlorpyrifos noma i-thiamethoxam kungakhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kwamaseli, kwandise usayizi wezithelo, futhi kungaze kukhiqize izithelo ezingenasimo.

2. Ikhuthaza ukuvuthwa kwezithelo kanye nombala.

Ngesikhathi sokuvuthwa kwezithelo noma ngemuva kokuvunwa, ukugcotshwa noma ukufafaza nge-eTHHLEN kukhipha igesi e-ethylene, okuwohloka kwama-chlorophyll, okuholela ekwakhekeni kwama-chlorophy (okuholela e-anshopene kanye ne-anthocyanins), ngaleyo ndlela kufinyelela umbala wokuvuthwa kanye nomfaniswano. I-ETHEPON ivame ukusetshenziswa ukukhuthaza ukuvuthwa kwezithelo ezinjenge-utamatisi, ubhanana nezithelo ze-citrus. Isibonelo, ubhanana uvame ukuvunwa lapho uluhlaza futhi uqine, bese evuthwa kuphuzi kusetshenziswa i-ethophen ngemuva kwendawo yokuthengisa.

3. Ithuthukisa ukulondolozwa nokubambezeleka kwesendence.

Ama-Cytokinin Regulators (njenge-6-Benzzzllamurine (6-BA)) asetshenziswa kakhulu. Ukufafaza ngemuva kokuvunwa noma ukufakwa kwemifino enamaqabunga (njenge-celery kanye ne-lettuce) nezimbali kungavimbela ukonakaliswa kwe-chlorophyll kanye nokuwohloka kwamaprotheni, kugcina umbala ohlaza okotshani okhanyayo, futhi unwebe impilo ekhanyayo yomkhiqizo.

4. Ukuthuthukisa ukumelana kwengcindezi
Ama-hormone wezitshalo kanye nama-bakeli okukhula kwezitshalo angasiza nezilimo zibhekane nezindawo ezingezinhle. Ngenkathi i-acid acid (Aba) inyusa insende, futhi isebenza njenge- "ngcindezelo yokumelana nengcindezelo" ezitshalweni. Ukufafaza ngaphambi kwezimo ezingezinhle zenzeka kungasebenza izindlela zokuzivikela zezitshalo, njengokuvala ama-stomata kanye nokuqongelela ama-osmotic, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukise ukumelana kwayo ekubandakanyeni, isomiso kanye nosawoti. Lapho ama-herbicides asetshenziswa ngokungafanele, ufafaza i-Brassinolide (BRS) (BRS) angalawula isimo somoya wezemvelo, asisize ukuba alulame ngokushesha futhi anciphise ukulimala kwe-herbicide.

Kudingeka sifunde ukusebenzisa ama-hormone okutshala izitshalo kanye nama-bakeli okukhula kwezitshalo ukuze afinyelele ukuphathwa okuqondile komjikelezo wempilo yezitshalo, ekugcineni ukufeza izinhloso zokuvuselelwa kwempilo, ikhwalithi ethuthukisiwe, ukusebenza kahle kwezindleko.