Kungathuthukiswa kanjani ukuthuthukiswa kombala wezithelo?

Ngesikhathi senqubo yokuguqulwa kombala wezithelo, i-chlorophyll iyancipha kancane kancane futhi inyamalale ngaphansi kwesenzo se-hydrolases; amazinga e-carotenoid akhuphuka kancane, kuyilapho ama-anthocyanins akhiqizwa ngobuningi futhi anqwabelana ngokuqhubekayo.

Njengoba isithelo sivuthwa, umbala waso womhlabathi unqunywa ngokuyinhloko ama-carotenoids (kanye ne-chlorophyll esele, eyonakele ngokuphelele), kuyilapho ama-anthocyanins enquma umbala ongaphezulu. Ngakho-ke, ukhiye wokuthuthukisa umbala wezithelo usekukhuphuleni ukunqwabelana kwama-carotenoid nama-anthocyanins.

I. Inganyuswa kanjani ukunqwabelana kwe-carotenoid?

Ama-carotenoid ama-photosynthetic pigments atholakala kuma-chloroplast (izitho ze-photosynthetic zesitshalo). Ukwandisa okuqukethwe kwe-chloroplast kanye nokwenza ngcono ukusebenza kwe-photosynthetic yamaqabunga nezithelo ezincane kungakhuphula amazinga e-carotenoid esithelweni esikhulayo.

II. Ungathuthukiswa kanjani ukukhiqizwa kwe-anthocyanin?

I-Anthocyanins yimibala encibilikayo emanzini. Ukwakheka kwabo kuqala lapho ukunqwabelana kukashukela esithelweni kufinyelela emngceleni obalulekile, okuhambisana nokukhiqizwa kwamahomoni athile angapheli-ikakhulukazi i-abscisic acid ne-ethylene. Ukwengeza, ukuchayeka okukhanyayo kanye nebhalansi yezakhi zamaminerali ezingaphakathi kweseli yizici ezibalulekile ezithonya ukukhiqizwa kwe-anthocyanin.

III. Yiziphi izinyathelo ezingathathwa ukuze kuthuthukiswe umbala wezithelo?

1. Thuthukisa izimo zokukhanya

Ukuminyana kokutshala okunengqondo: Gcina isikhala esifanele phakathi kwezitshalo nemigqa ukuze kwandiswe indawo yamaqabunga echayeke ekukhanyeni;

Ukuthena ngendlela efanele: Sungula uhlaka oluvulekile lwamagatsha esikafula ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukungena kokukhanya ngaphakathi kwe-canopy;

Ukususwa kwamaqabunga, ukuphenduka kwezithelo, kanye nokumboza ngezimbali okukhanyayo: Khulisa inani lokukhanya elifinyelela esithelweni nemifino ukuze kuthuthukiswe umbala.

2. Linganisa ukudla okunomsoco

Ukuvundisa okunengqondo: Faka umanyolo ngokwesayensi ukuze uqinisekise ukudla okunomsoco. Lokhu kukhulisa amandla ezitshalo, kuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kwe-photosynthetic, futhi kukhuthaza ukunqwabelana kukashukela, ngaleyo ndlela kuhlangatshezwane nezimo ezidingekayo zokwenziwa kwe-anthocyanin. Ngokuvamile, amazinga aphansi e-nitrogen ne-phosphorus kuhlanganiswe namazinga aphezulu e-potassium athanda umbala; ngaphezu kwalokho, ukwengezwa kwamahlamvu nge-calcium, i-magnesium, kanye nezakhi zomhlaba ezingavamile kungathuthukisa ukukhula kombala. Ukudla Okunomsoco Okwengeziwe: Ukusetshenziswa kwe-Foliar kwe-sucrose, i-glucose, noma i-galactose kungakhuthaza umbala wezithelo. Ukwengeza, izifutho ze-foliar eziqukethe izinto ezifana ne-chitin, i-chitosan, i-chitooligosaccharides, i-anthocyanins, i-carotenoids, amagciwane e-photosynthetic, i-methyl jasmonate, i-glutamic acid, i-molybdenum-amino acid complexes, noma i-tryptophan ingashukumisa ukwakheka kwe-anthocyanin futhi isize embala wezithelo.

3. Ukulawulwa ngama-Plant Growth Regulators

Izilawuli ezisetshenziswa kakhulu zokukhuthaza umbala wezithelo nokuvuthwa zihlanganisa i-abscisic acid (ABA), i-6-BA, ne-ethephon, kanti i-ethephon isetshenziswa kakhulu.