Matakan Rage Mahimmanci don Juriyar Fari a cikin Noman bazara
Za a iya rage damuwa ta fari a cikin amfanin gona na bazara ta hanyar ingantattun matakan matakai, gami da ban ruwa na kimiyya, damshi mai kiyayewa, hadi mai ma'ana, da aikace-aikacen masu kula da ci gaban shuka. Daga cikin waɗannan, amfani da masu kula da ci gaban shuka yana ɗaya daga cikin mahimman hanyoyin fasaha don haɓaka juriyar fari na amfanin gona.
I. Matakan Rage Mahimmanci don Juriyar Fari a cikin Noman bazara
1. Ban ruwa na Kimiyya da Ruwa
Ba da fifikon ɗaukar ingantattun hanyoyin ceton ruwa—kamar ɗigon ruwa da ƙaramar ruwan yayyafi—yayin guje wa ban ruwa na gargajiya.
Jadawalin ban ruwa a farkon safiya ko sa'o'in maraice don rage asarar ruwa.
Tabbatar da isassun ruwan sha yayin matakan girma mai mahimmanci lokacin da buƙatun ruwa ya fi girma: musamman, lokacin haɗa-zuwa- hatsi na alkama, da lokacin haɗa masara.
Ciki don Kashe Haɓaka da Tsare Danshi
2. Haɓaka yin amfani da mulching na fim ɗin filastik da bambaro mulching (a kauri na 5-8 cm) don rage ƙawancen ƙasa yadda ya kamata da haɓaka ƙarfin riƙe ruwa na filin.
Don amfanin gona irin su dankali da kayan lambu, hada mulching na fim ɗin filastik tare da tsarin ban ruwa na micro-irrigation don aiwatar da "ruwan ruwa na sub-mulch drip."
Tsakanin noman noma don sassauta ƙasa da ɓarna aikin capillary
Farkon bazara na tsaka-tsakin noma yana raba tashoshi na capillary a cikin saman ƙasan ƙasa, ta yadda zai hana motsi sama da ƙafewar danshi, yayin da yake dumama ƙasa da haɓaka tushen girma.
3. Hakin Foliar don Haƙuri Haƙuri
Aiwatar da takin foliar-kamar monopotassium phosphate, alginic acid, da fulvic acid-ta hanyar fesa don ƙara matsin lamba osmotic ta salula, jinkirta jin daɗin ganye, da ƙarfafa juriya na fari.
II. Shawarwari Masu Gudanar da Ci gaban Shuka da Ayyukansu
Masu kula da masu zuwa za su iya haɓaka jurewar fari na amfanin gona sosai kuma an karɓe su sosai don amfanin gonaki kamar alkama, masara, da kayan lambu daban-daban:
1. Brassinolide
Ayyukan Farko na Brassinolide: Yana daidaita ma'auni na hormonal, yana haɓaka ingancin photosynthesis, yana rage damuwa da fari ya haifar, da jinkirta jinkirin da bai kai ba.
Shuka amfanin gona: Alkama, masara, da kayan lambu.
Lokaci da Hanyar Aiwatar da Aiwatar: Aiwatar a lokacin kan-zuwa fure da matakan ciko hatsi na alkama, da lokacin haɗin gwiwar masara. Aiwatar ta hanyar fesa foliar ta amfani da cakuda 10 ml /acre na 0.01% Brassinolide aqueous bayani da 30-50 g na monopotassium phosphate; maimaita aikace-aikacen sau 1-2 a tazara na kwanaki 7-10.
2. Fulvic Acid / Potassium Fulvate Daga Ma'adinai
Babban fa'idodi:Yana rage buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen stomatal, yana rage yawan haƙori, da haɓaka haɓakar tsarin tushen.
Shuka amfanin gona: Alkama, masara, dankali.
Lokaci da Hanyar Aikace-aikacen: Aiwatar ta hanyar fesa foliar a ƙimar 30-50 g/acre lokacin da yanayin fari ya faru; Ana iya haɗawa da Monopotassium Phosphate don haɓaka tasirin riƙe ruwa.
3. S-Abscisic Acid (S-ABA) / Chitosan Oligosaccharide
Muhimman Fa'idodi: Yana kunna ƙwayoyin halitta na juriya na damuwa na shuka, ta haka yana haɓaka juriyar fari da juriyar cututtuka.
Shuka amfanin gona: 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da kayan lambu, ganye na magani.
Lokacin aikace-aikace da Hanyar: Aiwatar ta hanyar fesa yayin matakin shuka ko kan gargadin fari don haɓaka ƙarfin amsa damuwa na shuka.
4. Monopotassium Phosphate (Mai sarrafa Ayyuka)
Muhimman Fa'idodi: Gaggawa yana sake cika phosphorus da potassium, yana haɓaka kuzarin salula, yana haɓaka juriyar damuwa.
Shuka amfanin gona: Duk amfanin gona.
Lokacin aikace-aikacen da Hanyar: Aiwatar ta hanyar fesa foliar ta amfani da maganin 0.2%-0.3% yayin matakan girma mai mahimmanci (misali, matakin cika hatsin alkama, matakin masara babban kararrawa).
I. Matakan Rage Mahimmanci don Juriyar Fari a cikin Noman bazara
1. Ban ruwa na Kimiyya da Ruwa
Ba da fifikon ɗaukar ingantattun hanyoyin ceton ruwa—kamar ɗigon ruwa da ƙaramar ruwan yayyafi—yayin guje wa ban ruwa na gargajiya.
Jadawalin ban ruwa a farkon safiya ko sa'o'in maraice don rage asarar ruwa.
Tabbatar da isassun ruwan sha yayin matakan girma mai mahimmanci lokacin da buƙatun ruwa ya fi girma: musamman, lokacin haɗa-zuwa- hatsi na alkama, da lokacin haɗa masara.
Ciki don Kashe Haɓaka da Tsare Danshi
2. Haɓaka yin amfani da mulching na fim ɗin filastik da bambaro mulching (a kauri na 5-8 cm) don rage ƙawancen ƙasa yadda ya kamata da haɓaka ƙarfin riƙe ruwa na filin.
Don amfanin gona irin su dankali da kayan lambu, hada mulching na fim ɗin filastik tare da tsarin ban ruwa na micro-irrigation don aiwatar da "ruwan ruwa na sub-mulch drip."
Tsakanin noman noma don sassauta ƙasa da ɓarna aikin capillary
Farkon bazara na tsaka-tsakin noma yana raba tashoshi na capillary a cikin saman ƙasan ƙasa, ta yadda zai hana motsi sama da ƙafewar danshi, yayin da yake dumama ƙasa da haɓaka tushen girma.
3. Hakin Foliar don Haƙuri Haƙuri
Aiwatar da takin foliar-kamar monopotassium phosphate, alginic acid, da fulvic acid-ta hanyar fesa don ƙara matsin lamba osmotic ta salula, jinkirta jin daɗin ganye, da ƙarfafa juriya na fari.
II. Shawarwari Masu Gudanar da Ci gaban Shuka da Ayyukansu
Masu kula da masu zuwa za su iya haɓaka jurewar fari na amfanin gona sosai kuma an karɓe su sosai don amfanin gonaki kamar alkama, masara, da kayan lambu daban-daban:
1. Brassinolide
Ayyukan Farko na Brassinolide: Yana daidaita ma'auni na hormonal, yana haɓaka ingancin photosynthesis, yana rage damuwa da fari ya haifar, da jinkirta jinkirin da bai kai ba.
Shuka amfanin gona: Alkama, masara, da kayan lambu.
Lokaci da Hanyar Aiwatar da Aiwatar: Aiwatar a lokacin kan-zuwa fure da matakan ciko hatsi na alkama, da lokacin haɗin gwiwar masara. Aiwatar ta hanyar fesa foliar ta amfani da cakuda 10 ml /acre na 0.01% Brassinolide aqueous bayani da 30-50 g na monopotassium phosphate; maimaita aikace-aikacen sau 1-2 a tazara na kwanaki 7-10.
2. Fulvic Acid / Potassium Fulvate Daga Ma'adinai
Babban fa'idodi:Yana rage buɗaɗɗen buɗaɗɗen stomatal, yana rage yawan haƙori, da haɓaka haɓakar tsarin tushen.
Shuka amfanin gona: Alkama, masara, dankali.
Lokaci da Hanyar Aikace-aikacen: Aiwatar ta hanyar fesa foliar a ƙimar 30-50 g/acre lokacin da yanayin fari ya faru; Ana iya haɗawa da Monopotassium Phosphate don haɓaka tasirin riƙe ruwa.
3. S-Abscisic Acid (S-ABA) / Chitosan Oligosaccharide
Muhimman Fa'idodi: Yana kunna ƙwayoyin halitta na juriya na damuwa na shuka, ta haka yana haɓaka juriyar fari da juriyar cututtuka.
Shuka amfanin gona: 'Ya'yan itãcen marmari da kayan lambu, ganye na magani.
Lokacin aikace-aikace da Hanyar: Aiwatar ta hanyar fesa yayin matakin shuka ko kan gargadin fari don haɓaka ƙarfin amsa damuwa na shuka.
4. Monopotassium Phosphate (Mai sarrafa Ayyuka)
Muhimman Fa'idodi: Gaggawa yana sake cika phosphorus da potassium, yana haɓaka kuzarin salula, yana haɓaka juriyar damuwa.
Shuka amfanin gona: Duk amfanin gona.
Lokacin aikace-aikacen da Hanyar: Aiwatar ta hanyar fesa foliar ta amfani da maganin 0.2%-0.3% yayin matakan girma mai mahimmanci (misali, matakin cika hatsin alkama, matakin masara babban kararrawa).
