Hom thiab Mechanisms of Action of Common Agents for Flower and Fruit Preservation in Zaub

(I) Cog Loj hlob Regulators

1. Auxins

(2,4-D), 4-CPA. Cov neeg ua haujlwm no ua haujlwm los ntawm kev ua cov nroj tsuag endogenous auxins, yog li txhawb nqa cell elongation thiab faib, txhim kho cov metabolism hauv lub zes qe menyuam, thiab inducing parthenocarpy (seedless fruit formation). 2,4-D nthuav tawm cov khoom siv roj ntsha siab thiab nquag siv rau cov zaub solanaceous xws li txiv lws suav thiab eggplants; Txawm li cas los xij, nws daim ntawv thov concentration yuav tsum tau tswj nruj me ntsis (feem ntau 10-20 mg/L rau txiv lws suav), vim tias cov concentration ntau dhau tuaj yeem ua rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo malformation. 4-CPA muaj ntau dua kev nyab xeeb profile thiab tsim nyog siv rau ntau hom zaub, suav nrog txiv lws suav, dib, thiab kua txob, feem ntau ntawm qhov ntau ntawm 25 txog 50 mg/L.

2. Gibberellins

Gibberellic Acid (GA3) txhawb nqa cell elongation thiab so dormancy, yog li ua kom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo-teeb tsa tus nqi. Hauv kev cog qoob loo, kev siv GA3 (50 mg / / L) thaum lub sijhawm paj tuaj yeem txhawb nqa cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj thiab txo cov qia lignification (hardening ntawm cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo stalk). Rau strawberries, tshuaj tsuag GA3 (5-10 mg/L) thaum lub sij hawm flowering theem accelerates peduncle elongation thiab txhim kho pollination efficiency.

3. Cytokinins

Piv txwv suav nrog 6-Benzylaminopurine (6-BA) thiab Forchlorfenuron (KT-30). Cov neeg ua haujlwm no txhawb nqa cell faib, ncua kev laus, thiab nce tag nrho cov cell hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Forchlorfenuron yog dav siv rau cov txiv lws suav thiab melons, qhov twg nws txhawb nqa cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo loj; Txawm li cas los xij, daim ntawv thov tsis raug tuaj yeem ua rau cov chaw hollow lossis malformations hauv cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo.


(II) Khoom noj khoom haus

1. Boron Fertilizers

Boron plays lub luag haujlwm tseem ceeb hauv kev sib txuas ntawm cov tshuaj pectin hauv cov phab ntsa ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab txhawb cov paj ntoos germination thiab paj ntoos tube elongation. Boron deficiency ua rau kev txhim kho tsis zoo ntawm cov paj hauv nruab nrog cev thiab txo cov paj ntoos hauv cov zaub, ua rau paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo poob. Txau 0.1% -0.2% daws ntawm borax los yog boric acid thaum lub sij hawm flowering theem yuav ua rau kom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo-ceev nqi ntawm zaub xws li txiv lws suav, dib, thiab legumes.

2. Calcium Fertilizers

Calcium stabilizes cell membrane cov qauv thiab txhim khu cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo firmness thiab kev nyuaj siab. Cov kab mob physiological-xws li paj-kawg rot nyob rau hauv txiv lws suav thiab kua txob - yog ze rau qhov tsis muaj calcium. Foliar daim ntawv thov ntawm 0.3% -0.5% calcium chloride los yog calcium qab zib kua tshuaj thaum lub sij hawm fruiting theem yuav zoo tiv thaiv cov kab mob no thiab ntev lub txiv hmab txiv ntoo lub txee lub neej.

3. Phosphorus thiab Potassium Fertilizers

Phosphorus koom nrog hauv cov nroj tsuag lub zog metabolism thiab txhawb kev sib txawv ntawm paj paj; potassium txhim kho cov nroj tsuag kev ntxhov siab thiab txhim kho kev ua haujlwm ntawm kev thauj cov khoom photosynthetic rau cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Foliar daim ntawv thov ntawm 0.2% - 0.3% monopotassium phosphate daws tuaj yeem ua rau muaj txiaj ntsig zoo ntawm cov paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo-tso peev xwm ntawm zaub.


(III) Biostimulants

1. Seaweed Extracts

nplua nuj nyob rau hauv active tshuaj xws li polysaccharides, phenolic tebchaw, thiab cog kev loj hlob regulators, cov extracts txhim khu cov nroj tsuag kev nyuaj siab thiab txhawb paj bud sib txawv thiab kev loj hlob txiv hmab txiv ntoo. Cov kev tshawb fawb pom tau hais tias kev siv foliar chiv uas muaj alginic acid thaum lub sij hawm lub dib flowering theem yuav ua rau kom cov txiv hmab txiv ntoo-setting npaum li cas los ntawm 15% -20%.

2. Humic Acids

Cov tebchaw no txhim kho cov qauv hauv av, txhawb kev loj hlob hauv paus, thiab txhim kho cov nroj tsuag lub peev xwm rau kev noj zaub mov zoo. Tsis tas li ntawd, humic acids tswj qhov sib npaug ntawm cov tshuaj hormones endogenous, yog li txhim kho kev khaws cia ntawm paj thiab txiv hmab txiv ntoo hauv cov qoob loo zaub.