Nkọwa nkenke nke na-ahụ maka uto osisi
Ndị na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ (PGRs) bụ ogige kemịkalụ na-arụ ọrụ nke ọma nke nwere otu mmetụta physiological na usoro kemịkal yiri ya dị ka homonụ osisi endogenous. Onye na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ bụ otu ụdị ọgwụ na-egbu egbu ma bụrụ klas nke ọgwụ na-achịkwa uto na mmepe osisi, gụnyere ogige sịntetik yiri homonụ nke osisi sitere n'okike na homonụ nke ewepụtara ozugbo site na ntule.
Onye na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ bụ ihe ọhụrụ emebere ma ọ bụ mebe ya ka ọ nwee mmetụta physiological na nke ndu na homonụ osisi. Iji na-ahazi usoro uto nke ihe ọkụkụ n'ụzọ dị irè na mmepụta ihe ubi, melite ogo ihe ọkụkụ, kwalite nkwụsi ike nke ihe ọkụkụ, mee ka mkpụrụ osisi guzosie ike na ịbawanye mkpụrụ, wdg.
Enwere ike imepụta ụfọdụ ndị na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ site na osisi n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, mana enwere ike ibubata ha n'ime osisi site na ịgbasa. Onye na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ na-achịkwa nkewa mkpụrụ ndụ osisi, elongation, anụ ahụ na akụkụ ahụ dị iche iche, ifuru na mkpụrụ osisi, maturation na senescence, dormancy na germination, n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ na mmekorita ya na ibe ya, si otú ahụ na-emetụta uto osisi na mmepe iji nweta mmetụta ndị a chọrọ.
Enwere ike kewaa ndị na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ ụzọ atọ dịka ọrụ ha siri dị:
Ụdị nke mbụ bụ ndị na-akwalite uto osisi.
Ọ nwere ike ịkwalite nkewa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ, ọdịiche na elongation, na-akwalite uto nke akụkụ vegetative na mmepe nke akụkụ ọmụmụ, gbochie mkpụrụ osisi ịdapụ, kwalite mgbọrọgwụ na germination nke osisi, na-ebute parthenocarpy. Ọrụ nchịkwa yiri nke auxins, cytokinins ma ọ bụ gibberellins n'etiti homonụ nke osisi. Ndị na-akwalite uto osisi na-agụnye indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, α-naphthylacetic acid, 6-BA, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, na 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
Ụdị nke abụọ bụ ndị na-egbochi ihe ọkụkụ.
Ọ nwere ike igbochi uto nke apical meristems na osisi germination, wepụ uru apical ma na-abawanye alaka akụkụ, ma kpochapụ ahịhịa, wdg. Enweghị ike iweghachi mmetụta nke ndị na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ site na ngwa nke gibberellins. Ọtụtụ ọgwụ pesticides nwere ike rụọ ọrụ dị ka ndị na-egbochi uto mgbe ejiri ya na obere mkpokọta. Mmetụta nchịkwa dị ka nke abscisic acid na hormones osisi endogenous. Ndị na-egbochi uto osisi na-agụnye maleic acid hydrazide, glyphosate, plasticine, statin, statin, triiodobenzoic acid, wdg.
Ụdị nke atọ bụ ihe ndị na-akụ azụ ihe ọkụkụ.
Ọ nwere ike igbochi uto nke ihe ọkụkụ sub-apical meristem ma gbochie elongation nke internodes na-egbochighị uto nke buds ọnụ. Ọ na-eme ka osisi ahụ dị mkpụmkpụ ma dị ogologo, na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na chlorophyll dị n'ime akwụkwọ ahụ dịkwuo elu. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-achịkwa njikọ nke gibberellins na osisi, enwere ike iweghachi mmetụta ya site na itinye gibberellins. Ihe ndị na-emekarị ka ihe ọkụkụ na-eto eto gụnyere: chlormequat, benzylamine, paclobutrasol, butyrohydrazide, uniconazole, trinexapac-ethyl, wdg.
Kedu ka esi eji nchịkwa uto osisi?
1. Usoro onunu ogwu nke onye na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ kwesịrị ịbụ nke kwesịrị ekwesị ma ghara ịba ụba na ọchịchọ. Ịbawanye usoro onunu ogwu ma ọ bụ itinye uche na uche ọ bụghị naanị na ọ ga-eme ka uto nke osisi na-eto eto, ma ọ ga-egbochikwa uto nke osisi na ọbụna na-eduga na nrụrụ akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ akọrọ na ọnwụ nke osisi dum.
2. Enweghị ike ịgwakọta onye na-ahụ maka uto osisi ma ọ masịrị ya. Ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na-ejikọtakarị ndị na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ na fatịlaịza ndị ọzọ, ọgwụ pesticides, na fungicides. Ma enwere ike ịgwakọta onye na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ na fatịlaịza kemịkalụ, a ga-ekpebi ọgwụ nje na ihe ndị ọzọ site na nnwale ugboro ugboro mgbe ị gụsịrị ntuziaka ahụ nke ọma. Ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ bụghị nanị na ọ ga-adaba ịkwalite ọganihu akụ na ụba ma ọ bụ chebe okooko osisi na mkpụrụ osisi, ma ọ ga-emerụkwa osisi ahụ.
3. Ekwesịrị iji onye na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ mee ihe n'ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya. Ekwesịrị ịkwado onye na-ahụ maka uto osisi n'ime ngwọta nne tupu oge eruo, ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ ga-esi ike ịgwakọta onye na-ahụ maka ya na ọ ga-emetụta mmetụta ahụ ozugbo. Ọ dị mkpa ka a na-agbaze ya dịka ntuziaka ndị ahụ mgbe ị na-eji ya. Lezienụ anya na usoro nchebe mgbe ị na-eji ya.
4. Onye na-ahụ maka uto osisi enweghị ike dochie fatịlaịza kemịkalụ. Onye na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ nwere ike ịrụ naanị ọrụ nhazi na enweghị ike iji dochie fatịlaịza. N'ihe banyere mmiri na fatịlaịza ezughị oke, ịfesa oke ihe na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ na-emerụ ihe ọkụkụ ahụ.
Uru onye na-ahụ maka uto osisi
1. Onye na-ahụ maka uto osisi nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ na ngwa. Usoro nke ngwa nke Plant Growth Regulator na-agụnye ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ osisi niile dị elu na nke dị ala na ụlọ ọrụ akuku, ma na-achịkwa photosynthesis, respiration, absorption material and operation method of plant, signal transfer, open and closing of stomata, and regulation of osmotic pressure. , transpiration na usoro ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ, si otú ahụ na-achịkwa uto na mmepe nke osisi, na-eme ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti osisi na gburugburu ebe obibi dịkwuo mma, na-eme ka nrụgide nrụgide nke ihe ọkụkụ dịkwuo elu, ịba ụba ihe ọkụkụ, na imeziwanye àgwà nke ngwaahịa ugbo.
2. Usoro ọgwụgwọ dị obere, ọsọ na-agba ọsọ, na arụmọrụ dị elu. Ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ kwesịrị ka a fesa naanị otu ugboro n'ime oge akọwapụtara n'otu oge.
3. Ọ nwere ike bidirectionally mezie mpụga àgwà na esịtidem physiological Filiks nke osisi.
4. Ezubere nke ukwuu na ọkachamara. Ọ nwere ike dozie ụfọdụ nsogbu ndị siri ike dozie site n'ụzọ ndị ọzọ, dị ka nguzobe nke mkpụrụ osisi na-enweghị mkpụrụ.
Nchịkọta ihe nhazi ihe ọkụkụ
Tụnyere teknụzụ ọrụ ugbo ọdịnala, ntinye nke onye na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ nwere uru nke ọnụ ala dị ala, nsonaazụ ngwa ngwa, arụmọrụ dị elu, yana ịchekwa ọrụ. Ojiji ya aghọwo otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa na ọrụ ugbo nke oge a. A na-eji onye na-ahụ maka uto osisi eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ichepụta ihe ọkụkụ, ọka na mmanụ, akwụkwọ nri, osisi mkpụrụ osisi, ihe ọkụkụ, ihe ọkụkụ ndị China, na fungi a na-eri. Tụnyere ọgwụ nje ndị ọzọ na ngwaahịa fatịlaịza, ọ na-eme ka ihe ọkụkụ dịkwuo mma ngwa ngwa ma nwee oke nrụpụta buru ibu.
Onye na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ ga-ekere òkè dị ukwuu n'ịkwalite ma ọ bụ na-achịkwa uto ihe ọkụkụ, na-eme ka nkwụsi ike nke ihe ọkụkụ dịkwuo elu, ịba ụba nke mkpụrụ osisi, imeziwanye ogo osisi, wdg, ma na-eme ka mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ dị ukwuu na nke siri ike. A na-ejikọta ya na fungicides, fatịlaịza mmiri na-edozi mmiri, wdg, ma bụrụ ihe nkwado dị mkpa maka ntinye mmiri na fatịlaịza.
Onye na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ bụ ihe ọhụrụ emebere ma ọ bụ mebe ya ka ọ nwee mmetụta physiological na nke ndu na homonụ osisi. Iji na-ahazi usoro uto nke ihe ọkụkụ n'ụzọ dị irè na mmepụta ihe ubi, melite ogo ihe ọkụkụ, kwalite nkwụsi ike nke ihe ọkụkụ, mee ka mkpụrụ osisi guzosie ike na ịbawanye mkpụrụ, wdg.
Enwere ike imepụta ụfọdụ ndị na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ site na osisi n'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, mana enwere ike ibubata ha n'ime osisi site na ịgbasa. Onye na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ na-achịkwa nkewa mkpụrụ ndụ osisi, elongation, anụ ahụ na akụkụ ahụ dị iche iche, ifuru na mkpụrụ osisi, maturation na senescence, dormancy na germination, n'otu n'otu ma ọ bụ na mmekorita ya na ibe ya, si otú ahụ na-emetụta uto osisi na mmepe iji nweta mmetụta ndị a chọrọ.
Enwere ike kewaa ndị na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ ụzọ atọ dịka ọrụ ha siri dị:
Ụdị nke mbụ bụ ndị na-akwalite uto osisi.
Ọ nwere ike ịkwalite nkewa nke mkpụrụ ndụ ihe ọkụkụ, ọdịiche na elongation, na-akwalite uto nke akụkụ vegetative na mmepe nke akụkụ ọmụmụ, gbochie mkpụrụ osisi ịdapụ, kwalite mgbọrọgwụ na germination nke osisi, na-ebute parthenocarpy. Ọrụ nchịkwa yiri nke auxins, cytokinins ma ọ bụ gibberellins n'etiti homonụ nke osisi. Ndị na-akwalite uto osisi na-agụnye indole-3-acetic acid, indole-3-butyric acid, α-naphthylacetic acid, 6-BA, 4-chlorophenoxyacetic acid, na 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid.
Ụdị nke abụọ bụ ndị na-egbochi ihe ọkụkụ.
Ọ nwere ike igbochi uto nke apical meristems na osisi germination, wepụ uru apical ma na-abawanye alaka akụkụ, ma kpochapụ ahịhịa, wdg. Enweghị ike iweghachi mmetụta nke ndị na-emepụta ihe ọkụkụ site na ngwa nke gibberellins. Ọtụtụ ọgwụ pesticides nwere ike rụọ ọrụ dị ka ndị na-egbochi uto mgbe ejiri ya na obere mkpokọta. Mmetụta nchịkwa dị ka nke abscisic acid na hormones osisi endogenous. Ndị na-egbochi uto osisi na-agụnye maleic acid hydrazide, glyphosate, plasticine, statin, statin, triiodobenzoic acid, wdg.
Ụdị nke atọ bụ ihe ndị na-akụ azụ ihe ọkụkụ.
Ọ nwere ike igbochi uto nke ihe ọkụkụ sub-apical meristem ma gbochie elongation nke internodes na-egbochighị uto nke buds ọnụ. Ọ na-eme ka osisi ahụ dị mkpụmkpụ ma dị ogologo, na-eme ka ọkpụkpụ na chlorophyll dị n'ime akwụkwọ ahụ dịkwuo elu. Ebe ọ bụ na ọ na-achịkwa njikọ nke gibberellins na osisi, enwere ike iweghachi mmetụta ya site na itinye gibberellins. Ihe ndị na-emekarị ka ihe ọkụkụ na-eto eto gụnyere: chlormequat, benzylamine, paclobutrasol, butyrohydrazide, uniconazole, trinexapac-ethyl, wdg.
Kedu ka esi eji nchịkwa uto osisi?
1. Usoro onunu ogwu nke onye na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ kwesịrị ịbụ nke kwesịrị ekwesị ma ghara ịba ụba na ọchịchọ. Ịbawanye usoro onunu ogwu ma ọ bụ itinye uche na uche ọ bụghị naanị na ọ ga-eme ka uto nke osisi na-eto eto, ma ọ ga-egbochikwa uto nke osisi na ọbụna na-eduga na nrụrụ akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ akọrọ na ọnwụ nke osisi dum.
2. Enweghị ike ịgwakọta onye na-ahụ maka uto osisi ma ọ masịrị ya. Ọtụtụ ndị ọrụ ugbo na-ejikọtakarị ndị na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ na fatịlaịza ndị ọzọ, ọgwụ pesticides, na fungicides. Ma enwere ike ịgwakọta onye na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ na fatịlaịza kemịkalụ, a ga-ekpebi ọgwụ nje na ihe ndị ọzọ site na nnwale ugboro ugboro mgbe ị gụsịrị ntuziaka ahụ nke ọma. Ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ bụghị nanị na ọ ga-adaba ịkwalite ọganihu akụ na ụba ma ọ bụ chebe okooko osisi na mkpụrụ osisi, ma ọ ga-emerụkwa osisi ahụ.
3. Ekwesịrị iji onye na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ mee ihe n'ụzọ ezi uche dị na ya. Ekwesịrị ịkwado onye na-ahụ maka uto osisi n'ime ngwọta nne tupu oge eruo, ma ọ bụghị ya, ọ ga-esi ike ịgwakọta onye na-ahụ maka ya na ọ ga-emetụta mmetụta ahụ ozugbo. Ọ dị mkpa ka a na-agbaze ya dịka ntuziaka ndị ahụ mgbe ị na-eji ya. Lezienụ anya na usoro nchebe mgbe ị na-eji ya.
4. Onye na-ahụ maka uto osisi enweghị ike dochie fatịlaịza kemịkalụ. Onye na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ nwere ike ịrụ naanị ọrụ nhazi na enweghị ike iji dochie fatịlaịza. N'ihe banyere mmiri na fatịlaịza ezughị oke, ịfesa oke ihe na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ na-emerụ ihe ọkụkụ ahụ.
Uru onye na-ahụ maka uto osisi
1. Onye na-ahụ maka uto osisi nwere ọtụtụ ọrụ na ngwa. Usoro nke ngwa nke Plant Growth Regulator na-agụnye ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ osisi niile dị elu na nke dị ala na ụlọ ọrụ akuku, ma na-achịkwa photosynthesis, respiration, absorption material and operation method of plant, signal transfer, open and closing of stomata, and regulation of osmotic pressure. , transpiration na usoro ọmụmụ ihe ndị ọzọ, si otú ahụ na-achịkwa uto na mmepe nke osisi, na-eme ka mmekọrịta dị n'etiti osisi na gburugburu ebe obibi dịkwuo mma, na-eme ka nrụgide nrụgide nke ihe ọkụkụ dịkwuo elu, ịba ụba ihe ọkụkụ, na imeziwanye àgwà nke ngwaahịa ugbo.
2. Usoro ọgwụgwọ dị obere, ọsọ na-agba ọsọ, na arụmọrụ dị elu. Ọtụtụ ihe ọkụkụ kwesịrị ka a fesa naanị otu ugboro n'ime oge akọwapụtara n'otu oge.
3. Ọ nwere ike bidirectionally mezie mpụga àgwà na esịtidem physiological Filiks nke osisi.
4. Ezubere nke ukwuu na ọkachamara. Ọ nwere ike dozie ụfọdụ nsogbu ndị siri ike dozie site n'ụzọ ndị ọzọ, dị ka nguzobe nke mkpụrụ osisi na-enweghị mkpụrụ.
Nchịkọta ihe nhazi ihe ọkụkụ
Tụnyere teknụzụ ọrụ ugbo ọdịnala, ntinye nke onye na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ nwere uru nke ọnụ ala dị ala, nsonaazụ ngwa ngwa, arụmọrụ dị elu, yana ịchekwa ọrụ. Ojiji ya aghọwo otu n'ime ihe ndị dị mkpa na ọrụ ugbo nke oge a. A na-eji onye na-ahụ maka uto osisi eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ebe n'ichepụta ihe ọkụkụ, ọka na mmanụ, akwụkwọ nri, osisi mkpụrụ osisi, ihe ọkụkụ, ihe ọkụkụ ndị China, na fungi a na-eri. Tụnyere ọgwụ nje ndị ọzọ na ngwaahịa fatịlaịza, ọ na-eme ka ihe ọkụkụ dịkwuo mma ngwa ngwa ma nwee oke nrụpụta buru ibu.
Onye na-ahụ maka uto ihe ọkụkụ ga-ekere òkè dị ukwuu n'ịkwalite ma ọ bụ na-achịkwa uto ihe ọkụkụ, na-eme ka nkwụsi ike nke ihe ọkụkụ dịkwuo elu, ịba ụba nke mkpụrụ osisi, imeziwanye ogo osisi, wdg, ma na-eme ka mmepụta ihe ọkụkụ dị ukwuu na nke siri ike. A na-ejikọta ya na fungicides, fatịlaịza mmiri na-edozi mmiri, wdg, ma bụrụ ihe nkwado dị mkpa maka ntinye mmiri na fatịlaịza.
