Ụdị na ọrụ nke hormone uto osisi

E nwere ụdị 6 nke homonụ na-eto eto, ya bụ auxin, Gibberellic Acid GA3, Cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid na brassinosteroids, BRs.

Hormone uto osisi, nke a na-akpọkwa hormones eke sitere n'okike ma ọ bụ homonụ endogenous osisi, na-ezo aka n'ụfọdụ nhụcha nke ogige organic emepụtara na osisi nke nwere ike ịhazi (kwalite, igbochi) usoro ọmụmụ nke ha.

1. Ụdị hormone na-eto eto
Enwere ụdị phytohormones ise amara ugbu a, ya bụ auxin, Gibberellic Acid GA3, Cytokinin, ethylene na abscisic acid. Na nso nso a, brassinosteroids (BRs) ejirila nke nta nke nta mata dị ka ngalaba nke isii nke phytohormones.
1. auxin
(1) Nchọpụta: auxin bụ hormone osisi izizi achọpụtara.
(2) Nkesa: auxin na-ekesa n'ọtụtụ ebe na osisi, mana a na-ekesa ya na akụkụ ndị na-eto eto na-eto eto. Dị ka: n'ọnụ stem, mgbọrọgwụ n'ọnụ, ụlọ fatịlaịza, wdg.
(3) Ụgbọ njem: Enwere ụgbọ njem polar (enwere ike ibuga naanị site na njedebe elu nke morphology gaa na njedebe dị ala na enweghị ike ibugharị ya na ntụgharị ntụgharị) na ihe ndị na-adịghị na polar. Na azuokokoosisi ọ bụ site na phloem, na coleoptile ọ bụ sel parenchyma, na akwụkwọ ọ dị na veins.

2. Gibberellic acid (GA3)
(1) Akpọrọ aha Gibberellic Acid GA3 na 1938; Achọpụtara usoro kemịkal ya na 1959.
(2) Saịtị synthesis: Gibberellic Acid GA3 bụ nke a na-ahụkarị na osisi dị elu, na saịtị nwere ọrụ kachasị elu nke Gibberellic Acid GA3 bụ saịtị na-eto eto.
(3) Ụgbọ njem: Gibberellic Acid GA3 enweghị ụgbọ njem pola na osisi. Mgbe njikọ n'ime ahụ gasịrị, enwere ike ibuga ya n'akụkụ abụọ, gbadaa site na phloem, na elu site na xylem ma na-ebili na ntụgharị ntụgharị.

3. Cytokinin
(1) Nchọpụta: Site na 1962 ruo 1964, Cytokinin eke bụ nke mbụ kewapụrụ na ọka ọka dị ụtọ na mmalite ndochi 11 ruo 16 ụbọchị mgbe njikọta spam nwoke na nwanyị gachara, aha ya bụ zeatin na usoro kemịkal ya amata.
(2) Ụgbọ njem na metabolism: A na-ahụkarị Cytokinin na-eto nke ọma, na-ekewa anụ ahụ ma ọ bụ akụkụ ahụ, mkpụrụ osisi na-etobeghị, na-amị mkpụrụ na mkpụrụ osisi na-eto eto.

4. Abscisic acid
(1) Nchọpụta: N'oge usoro ndụ nke osisi, ọ bụrụ na ọnọdụ ndụ adịghị mma, akụkụ ụfọdụ (dị ka mkpụrụ osisi, akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, wdg) ga-adapụ; ma ọ bụ na njedebe nke oge na-eto eto, akwụkwọ ahụ ga-adapụ, kwụsị itolite, ma banye n'ụlọ ezumike. N'ime usoro ndị a, osisi na-emepụta ụdị hormone osisi nke na-egbochi uto na mmepe, ya bụ abscisic acid. Ya mere, abscisic acid bụ ihe mgbaàmà nke ntozu nke mkpụrụ osisi na nguzogide nrụgide.
(2) Ebe njikọ: Biosynthesis na metabolism nke abscisic acid. Mgbọrọgwụ, ị ga, akwụkwọ, mkpụrụ osisi, na mkpụrụ osisi ndị dị na osisi nwere ike mejupụta abscisic acid.
(3) Ụgbọ njem: abscisic acid nwere ike ibufe na xylem na phloem. A na-ebufe ọtụtụ na phloem.

5.Ethylene
(1) Ethylene bụ gas nke dị ọkụ karịa ikuku na okpomọkụ na nrụgide nke gburugburu physiological. Na-arụ ọrụ na saịtị nke njikọ na anaghị ebufe ya.
(2) Akụkụ niile nke osisi dị elu nwere ike ịmepụta ethylene, mana ọnụọgụ ethylene ewepụtara dị iche na anụ ahụ, akụkụ ahụ na ọkwa mmepe. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, anụ ahụ tozuru okè na-ahapụ ethylene dị ntakịrị, ebe meristems, mịpụta mkpụrụ, okooko osisi ndị ka akpọnwụwo na mkpụrụ osisi na-emepụta ethylene kachasị.

2. Physiological mmetụta nke osisi uto hormone
1. Auxin:
Na-akwalite uto osisi. Kwalite nkewa cell.
2. Gibberellic acid GA3:
Na-akwalite nkewa cell na elongation stem. Kwalite bolting na okooko. Mebie ụlọ ezumike. Kwalite ọdịiche nke ifuru nwoke ma bulie ọnụego ntọala mkpụrụ.
3. Cytokinin:
Na-akwalite nkewa cell. Kwalite iche nwa osisi. Kwalite mgbasawanye cell. Kwalite mmepe nke mpụta buds ma belata uru apical.

3. Ọ bụ homonụ na-achịkwa uto osisi?
1. Onye na-ahụ maka uto osisi bụ homonụ. Hormone uto ihe ọkụkụ na-ezo aka na kemịkalụ achọpụtara na-adịkarị na osisi na-achịkwa ma na-achịkwa uto na mmepe osisi. A na-akpọkwa ya homonụ endogenous osisi.
2. A na-enweta usoro nhazi ihe ọkụkụ site na njikọ aka ma ọ bụ mmịpụta, yana site na gbaa ụka microbial, wdg, a na-akpọkwa ya hormones osisi exogenous.
Ya bụ, auxin, Gibberellic Acid (GA), Cytokinin (CTK), abscisic acid (ABA), ethyne (ETH) na brassinosteroid (BR). Ha niile bụ ogige organic obere obere molekul, mana mmetụta physiological ha dị mgbagwoju anya ma dị iche iche. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, ha na-esite na imetụta nkewa cell, elongation, na ọdịiche dị iche iche na-emetụta germination osisi, mgbọrọgwụ, okooko, mkpụrụ osisi, mkpebi mmekọahụ, dormancy, na abscission. Ya mere, homonụ nke osisi na-arụ ọrụ dị mkpa n'ịhazi na ịchịkwa uto na mmepe osisi.