Kushandiswa kweKukura Kwezvirimwa Regulators muMiti Yemichero - Walnut

01. Walnut Bazi Kukura uye Kubudirira

Miti yeWalnut inokura nesimba asi inopinda munguva ye fruiting yanonoka. Kazhinji, zvinotora makore 7-10 kuti mbesa dzakasimwa kubva kumbeu dzipinde munguva ye fruiting, uye makore 3-5 embeu dzakabatanidzwa. Munzvimbo dzinorimwa walnuts, kunyanya paivhu rakati sandarara riri pedyo nemakomo, nekuda kwevhu gobvu uye rakaorera, miti inokura nyore nyore gore negore, ichibereka miti isina michero chete.

Mapazi emunu ane gore rimwe chete anogona kukamurwa kuva marudzi matatu: matavi ezvinomera, matavi emuchero, uye matavi emaruva echirume. Matavi anomera matavi anongobereka mashizha chete uye haakwanise kutumbuka kana kubereka michero. Zvichienderana nehurefu hwadzo, dzinogona kukamurwa kuita matavi mapfupi, matavi ari pakati, uye matavi akareba. Mapazi emuchero anokura kubva kune akasanganiswa buds pamatavi amai vane fruiting. Mapazi emaruva echirume matavi asina simba anongobereka maruva echirume chete; chete iyo yekupedzisira bud ndeye yezvinomera, uye zvakaoma kuti mabuds akasanganiswa aumbe. Kukura kwemapazi ewalnut kunokanganiswa nezera, chimiro chekudya, nzvimbo, uye nzvimbo. Kazhinji, miti midiki nematavi akasimba anogona kuve nematenderedzwa maviri ekukura pagore, achigadzira matsutso nematsutso. Kukura kwechipiri kunopera nezera. Kazhinji, kukura kwakanyanya kwechipiri kunotungamirira kukushaya simba, kunopedza kudya kwemiti, uye kunodzivisa kuputika kwebazi.

Kudzvanyirira zvakafanira kukura kwezvinomera uye kusimudzira kuberekana uchishandisa maregulator ekukura kwakakosha kunoshanda mukugadzira.

Matanho Ehunyanzvi Kudzora Kukura Kwezvinomera uye Kusimudzira Michero:

01. Paclobutrazol:
Pamiti ine simba rakanyanyisa uye maruva asina kukwana echirume, shandisa 15% Paclobutrazol (Paclo) poda yakanyorova kune ivhu munaEpril kana September, pamwero we 2-3g per square mita ye canopy projection area; kana kupfapfaidza ne150-fold dilution ye15% Paclobutrazol 2-3 nguva kubva munaJune kusvika Gunyana. Izvi zvinonyatso kudzvinyirira kukura kwezvinomera.

02. Chlormequat Chloride:
Chlormequat ine mhedzisiro yakakosha pakukura kwematavi matsva mumiti yewalnut. Kuti udzivise kukura kwezvinomera, huwandu hwe200mg/L hunokurudzirwa. Kudzora kwakasimba kwekutarisa kwakakosha panguva yekushandisa, sezvo yakawandisa yakakwira yekuisa inogona kukanganisa photosynthesis. Pamusoro pezvo, nepo Chlormequat Chloride inogona kuvandudza chiyero chemichero kana ichishandiswa semuchero-muchero mumiriri, inoderedza kunaka kwemichero. Mukugadzirwa kwechokwadi, inogona kutaridzirwa kuishandisa pamwe chete ne boric acid, iyo inogona kuvandudza chiyero chemichero uye kuwedzera goho pasina kuderedza michero yemhando.

03 Ethephon
Kupfapfaidza 500-1500 mg / L Ethephon kaviri panguva yemazuva gumi nemashanu panguva yekutanga kwekukura kwepfuti kunogona kuderedza urefu hwemiti yemiti miduku uye kukurudzira kutanga fruiting. Kupfapfaidza ne1500 mg/L Ethephon inonyanya kushanda.

04 1-Naphthyl Acetic Acid (NAA)
Kushandisa 50-125 mg/L NAA pahunde panguva yemaruva kunogona kuvandudza chiyero chemichero kune zvakasiyana-siyana. Ongororo dzakaratidza kuti kushandisa 75 mg/L concentration kuhunde kwakawedzera muchero wakatarwa neavhareji inopfuura 33% pamakore mana.

Kukurudzira Kukura Kwemichero uye Kusvuura

01. Hunhu hweWalnut Fruit Maturation
Kukohwa nenguva idanho rakakosha mukugadzira walnuts. Kukohwa panguva yakakodzera chete kunogona kuzadzisa chinangwa chepamusoro uye chepamusoro-goho walnuts. Michero yeWalnut yakavharirwa negoko, mukati umo mune goko rakaoma (walnut shell) uye kernel. Husk nembeu zvinokura panguva dzakasiyana; tsanga inowanzokura, yoteverwa nekoko. Mawalnuts anofanira kusvika pakukura asati akohwewa. Kukohwa nekukasika kunoita kuti goko riome kusvuura, tsanga dzisakura, zvoita kuti goho rive shoma uye kucherwa kwemafuta kuri kushoma panguva yekugadzira, uye nzungu dzisakodzere kuchengetwa. Kukohwa kunonoka kunokonzera kuti muchero udonhe nyore nyore, uye muchero unoramba uri pamuti kwenguva yakareba mushure mokunge husk yaputika, kuwedzera mukana wehutachiona hwehutu uye zvichiita kuti kuderera kwehutano hwe nut. Zviratidzo zvekukura kwemuchero wewalnut ndezvekuti husk inoshanduka kubva kune yakasviba girinhi kusvika kune yakatsvuka yero, 30% yemuchero yakatsemuka kumusoro, 30% yehusk inopepetwa nyore, uye mimwe michero inodonha. Panguva ino, walnut kernel yakazara, embryo yakakura, cotyledons yakaoma, uye kunhuhwirira kwakapfuma uye kunhuhwirira, zvichiratidza nguva yakakwana yekukohwa. Nokudaro, panguva yepedo-yakaibva yewalnuts, zvakakosha kutarisa kukura kwavo kuti vave nechokwadi chekukohwa panguva. Nguva yekuibva kwewalnuts inosiyana zvichienderana nemhando uye mamiriro ekunze, uye nguva chaiyo yekukohwa inofanirwa kutariswa zvichibva pane zvakasiyana siyana zvinokanganisa nguva yekuibva kwewalnut.

Shanduko muyero yekufema, kuburitswa kwe ethylene, uye zvirimo zvemahomoni endogenous IAA, ABA, GA3, ZR, uye Z (zeatin) panguva yekuibva kwemuchero wakayerwa. Mhedzisiro yacho yakaratidza kuti, kunze kweiyo yepamusoro Z yemukati mukernel, mazinga emamwe mahormone mugirini husk aive akakwira kupfuura ayo ari mukernel. Sezvo muchero waibva, zviri mukati meIAA, GA3, Z, ZR, uye ethylene kuburitswa zvese zvakaratidza kudzikira, ukuwo ABA zviri mugirinhi husk zvichiwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma. Mushure mokuibva kwemichero, zviri mukati meGA3 muhutu hwakasvibirira uye Z mu kernel zvakawedzera zvakanyanya, uye kusunungurwa kwe ethylene kubva muchero kwakawedzera zvakanyanya, nekuwedzera kwekukurumidza kwe ethylene kusunungurwa mushure mekukohwa. Chidzidzo chacho chakasimbisa kuti kuchinja kwekufema uye kusunungurwa kwe ethylene kwakangofanana, uye kufema kwezvibereko zvakabatwa ne ethephon mushure mekukohwa kwakawedzera zvakanyanya.


02. Matanho Eunyanzvi Ekusimudzira Kuibva uye Kusvuura Michero

(1) Ethephon

Kana michero shoma yewalnut inotsemuka, pfapfaidza ne500-1000 mg/L Ethephon (ine 0.1% -0.2% yekuwachira seanonamira). Mushure memazuva matatu, ganda remichero rinoshanduka-yero-girinhi, uye mushure memazuva 6-7, zvinopfuura 95% yemichero inotsemuka, ichibvumira kukohwa mazuva 14-15 apfuura. Nekudaro, izvi zvinokonzeresa kudonha kweshizha kwekutanga, izvo zvinokanganisa kutumbuka uye kumisa michero gore rinotevera.

Pfaya ne500-2000 mg/L Ethephon mazuva 10-20 isati yakohwewa walnuts kuti uite abscission layer padzinde remuchero, zvichiita kuti ganda regirini ritsemuke. Zvadaro, shandisa mechanical vibration kuzunungusa hunde, zvichiita kuti muchero uwire pasi. Kubatsira kweiyi nzira ndeyokuti ganda rakasvibirira riri nyore kubvisa, uye chibereko chechibereko hachina kusvibiswa. Nekudaro, matete-shelled walnuts anogona chete kukohwewa nemaoko, uye kushandiswa kweethephon kupfapfaidza pamiti yekuibva kunowanzo tungamira kudonha kwakanyanya kwemashizha. Zvidzidzo zvinoratidza kuti kupfapfaidza miti nemusanganiswa we125 mg/L Ethephon uye 250 mg/L (kana 500 mg/L) NAA mavhiki 2-3 kukohwa kusati kwasvika kunogona kuita 100% kutsemuka kwegoko regirini uku uchideredza kudonha kwemashizha kusvika pa20% chete, zvakafanana nereshizha rekudonha kwemashizha, zvichipa humbowo hwekudonha hutsva panguva yekukohwa.

Mushure mekukohwa, kunyura kana kunyika mawanu akakura akakohwewa mu 0.3% -0.5% Ethephon solution inopa mhedzisiro yakanaka mukubvisa goko regirini, ine peel rate inodarika 95%. Zvimwewo, mushure mekukohwa, isai muchero wakatorwa munzvimbo inofefetera uye shandisai muchero weganda rakasvibira ne 3000-5000 mg / L Ethephon solution, muchikurudzira zvakakwana kuti muve nechokwadi chekuputira. Pasi pemamiriro e30 ℃ uye 80% -90% hunyoro hunoenderana, chiyero cheganda chinosvika pamusoro pe95% mumazuva 3-4. Nguva yekuibva uye kuiswa kweEthephon kune chokuita nekukura kwemuchero. Kukura kwemuchero wepamusoro kunoda kuwanda kwakaderera uye nguva pfupi yekuibva.