Scientific and Rational Use of Plant Growth Regulators
Plant kukura regulators akasiyana mhando uye maitiro. Kuti vashandise zvizere mabasa avo mukugadzira, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise mashandiro emutongi wega wega uye matambudziko anofanirwa kugadziriswa mukugadzira.
(I) Zvinhu Zvinoita Kubudirira Kwezvinomera Kukura Regulators
1. Mamiriro ekunze
Kupisa kunokanganisa kushanda kwezvinomera zvinokura. Phenoxyacetic acid regulators akadai S-ABA uye DTCPA vane yakasimba tembiricha zvinodiwa; tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya kana yakaderera inokonzeresa mhedzisiro.
2. Plant Growth Regulator Concentration
Hunhu hwakakosha hwevanodzora kukura kwezvirimwa ndehwekuti mamwe maregulator uye mishonga yesora. Pakudzika kwakadzika, vanogadzirisa kukura kwezvirimwa, nepo pakakwirira, vanoita sekutonga sora. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti usarudze nemazvo zvigadziriso zvekukura kwezvirimwa uye kutarisisa kwavo.
3. Zvirimwa
Iko kusungirirwa kwakakodzera kweyega yega regidhi yekukura kunosiyana zvichienderana nechirimwa, uye kunyangwe iyo imwechete yekumisikidza inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakasiyana panhengo dzakasiyana dzechirimwa chimwe. Semuenzaniso, ethephon pamusangano we 1000 mg / kg pamichero yemupunga haizokonzeri phytotoxicity, asi kupfapfaidza pahawthorn kunogona kukonzera kudonha kwemashizha. Saizvozvo, 2,4-D, muchero-setting agent yematomatisi, inowanzoshandiswa pamusangano we 10 mg/kg; haikonzeri phytotoxicity kune petals asi inoita kumashizha. Naizvozvo, mbesa dzakasiyana dzine kunzwisiswa kwakasiyana kune dzakasiyana siyana kukura kwechirimwa, uye akakodzera magadzirirwo ekukura kwechirimwa anofanirwa kusarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvechirimwa chimwe nechimwe.
4. Kurima Management
Kushandiswa kwezvinomera zvinokura zvigadziriso zvine chekuita nekurima manejimendi. Semuyenzaniso, kurapa minda yegorosi isina kusimba nezvinodzivirira kukura kwechirimwa zvinodzivirira pokugara kazhinji hazvipi zvibereko zvakanaka. Kuwedzera kutonga kwemvura nefetereza kunodiwa kusimudzira kukura kwakasimba. Mhedzisiro yakakosha inowanikwa chete kana yakashandiswa pazvirimwa zvine simba zvakanyanya. Semuyenzaniso, paclobutrazol inoshandiswa pambesa dzemupunga mumwaka wanonoka mukurimwa kwenguva refu inogona kukonzera matambudziko emisoro kana mbesa dzikadzurwa, asi kana mbesa yembeu ikarimwa nekudyarwa, hazvikanganise chirimwa chinotevera.
(II) Kushandiswa Kwazvo kweMagadzirirwo Ekukura Kwemiti
1. Kusarudzwa Kwakarurama kweAnoshanda Kukura Regulators
Kusarudza zvakakodzera kukura regulators chinhu chinodiwa. Pakusarudza, pfungwa dzinotevera dzinofanira kucherechedzwa:
Kutanga, nzwisisa zvakakosha zvekukura regulators. Parizvino, pamusoro pe400 vamiririri vane chirimwa physiological regulating mabasa akawanikwa. Sezvo mutongi wega wega ane ega physicochemical zvimiro, maitiro ekuita, uye zvirimwa zvinoshanda, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise akakosha mapoinzi uye dziviriro usati washandisa.
Chechipiri, kujekesa chinangwa chekushandisa kukura regulator. Inowanzo shandiswa kukura regulators ine mabasa akadai sekusimudzira kukura kwemidzi, kudzivirira kukura, kuchengetedza maruva nemichero, kuwedzera kweshuga, kuuraya nhengo dzechirume dzekubereka, uye kukurumidza kuibva. Nekudaro, chirimwa chega chega chine zvakasiyana physiological zvinodiwa pamatanho ekukura akasiyana. Naizvozvo, kusarudzwa uye kushandisa zvine musoro kunofanirwa kuve kwakavakirwa pane chaiyo chirimwa uye danho rekukura.
Chechitatu, simbisa kusanganiswa kwakakodzera kwezvinomera zvinokura. Semuenzaniso, kusanganisa Naphthyl Acetic Acid neIndole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) inogona kuwedzera midzi-inosimudzira mhedzisiro pazvirimwa.
Chechina, ita miedzo yakakwana uye zviratidzo zvezvinomera zvinokura. Kushandiswa kwezvinomera zvinokura zvinogara zvichipesvedzerwa nenzvimbo nemamiriro ekunze, uye muyero uye kutarisisa kunofanirwa kusiyana pakati pematunhu. Kune zvigadziriso zvekukura kwezvirimwa zvisati zvamboshandiswa kare, miedzo inofanira kuitwa isati yashandiswa.
Chechishanu, teerera kune chigadzirwa chemhando yezvinomera kukura regulators kudzivirira kuunzwa kwekunyepedzera kana kusinganzwisisike chirimwa kukura regulators.
2. Gadzirira Zvakarurama Kugadziriswa Kunoshanda kweMiti Inokura Regulators
Chechitatu, sarudza kusungirirwa kwekushandisa zvichienderana nekupisa.
Chechina, kunyatsogadzirira kusungirirwa kunobva pane zvinobudirira zvikamu zvemuti wekukura regulator. Nokuti kune marudzi akawanda ezvinomera zvinokura zvinogadzirisa zvine zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobudirira zvemukati (semuenzaniso, 85% GA crystals, 4% GA emulsion), iyo yekuisa inofanira kuderedzwa nehuwandu hwakakodzera hwemvura maererano nezvikamu zvinoshanda panguva yekugadzirira.
3. Nyatso Tenzi Nzira dzeMashandisirwo eChirimwa Kukura Regulators
Nzira dzekushandisa zvigadziriso zvekukura kwechirimwa kazhinji dzinosanganisira kupfapfaidza, kuiswa kwemavara, nekunyudza.
(1) Kupfapfaidza: Paunenge uchishandisa nzira yekupfapfaidza, kunze kwekuziva nguva yakakodzera uye kuisa pfungwa, zvakakoshawo kusarudza minda yakakodzera yekupfapfaidza. Semuyenzaniso, pakupfapfaidza donje nemichina yekukura kwezvirimwa zvakaita sechlormequat chloride kana mepiquat chloride, sarudza minda ine hunde yakasimba uye kukura kwemashizha.
(2) Spot application: Paunenge uchiisa zvigadziriso zvekukura kwechirimwa nekushandiswa kwechivara, sarudza yakakodzera chirimwa chinokurisa uye kuisa pfungwa, uye dzivirira kuiswa kwemavara pakupisa kwakanyanya.
(3) Dipping: Paunenge uchishandisa zvigadziriso zvekukura kwezvirimwa nekunyura, teerera kune hukama pakati pekutarisa uye nharaunda. Semuenzaniso, kana mhepo yaoma, kubuda kwematavi nemashizha kwakakwirira, saka kusungirirwa kunofanira kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera uye nguva yekunyura inopfupiswa kuti usapinda zvakanyanya nekucheka uye kukonzera phytotoxicity. Chechipiri, teerera kune tembiricha yekucheka. Kazhinji, tembiricha yakakwana yemidzi uye kumera ndeye 20-30 ℃. Chechitatu, maneja makucheka mushure mekushandiswa kwezvinomera zvinokura. Zvakanakisisa kuisa ma cuttings muvhu rakanyorova, jecha rakanyoroveswa kana jecha rakanaka, uye kudzivirira zuva rakananga.
4. Kunyatsogadzirisa zvinomera zvekukura kwemiti mushure mekushandisa.
Kune zvirimwa zvinoshandisa zvigadziriso zvekukura kwechirimwa, manejimendi anofanirwa kuitwa zvichienderana nekukura kwechirimwa maitiro uye nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvechirimwa chekukura regulator.
(I) Zvinhu Zvinoita Kubudirira Kwezvinomera Kukura Regulators
1. Mamiriro ekunze
Kupisa kunokanganisa kushanda kwezvinomera zvinokura. Phenoxyacetic acid regulators akadai S-ABA uye DTCPA vane yakasimba tembiricha zvinodiwa; tembiricha yakakwira zvakanyanya kana yakaderera inokonzeresa mhedzisiro.
2. Plant Growth Regulator Concentration
Hunhu hwakakosha hwevanodzora kukura kwezvirimwa ndehwekuti mamwe maregulator uye mishonga yesora. Pakudzika kwakadzika, vanogadzirisa kukura kwezvirimwa, nepo pakakwirira, vanoita sekutonga sora. Naizvozvo, zvakakosha kuti usarudze nemazvo zvigadziriso zvekukura kwezvirimwa uye kutarisisa kwavo.
3. Zvirimwa
Iko kusungirirwa kwakakodzera kweyega yega regidhi yekukura kunosiyana zvichienderana nechirimwa, uye kunyangwe iyo imwechete yekumisikidza inogona kuve nemhedzisiro yakasiyana panhengo dzakasiyana dzechirimwa chimwe. Semuenzaniso, ethephon pamusangano we 1000 mg / kg pamichero yemupunga haizokonzeri phytotoxicity, asi kupfapfaidza pahawthorn kunogona kukonzera kudonha kwemashizha. Saizvozvo, 2,4-D, muchero-setting agent yematomatisi, inowanzoshandiswa pamusangano we 10 mg/kg; haikonzeri phytotoxicity kune petals asi inoita kumashizha. Naizvozvo, mbesa dzakasiyana dzine kunzwisiswa kwakasiyana kune dzakasiyana siyana kukura kwechirimwa, uye akakodzera magadzirirwo ekukura kwechirimwa anofanirwa kusarudzwa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvechirimwa chimwe nechimwe.
4. Kurima Management
Kushandiswa kwezvinomera zvinokura zvigadziriso zvine chekuita nekurima manejimendi. Semuyenzaniso, kurapa minda yegorosi isina kusimba nezvinodzivirira kukura kwechirimwa zvinodzivirira pokugara kazhinji hazvipi zvibereko zvakanaka. Kuwedzera kutonga kwemvura nefetereza kunodiwa kusimudzira kukura kwakasimba. Mhedzisiro yakakosha inowanikwa chete kana yakashandiswa pazvirimwa zvine simba zvakanyanya. Semuyenzaniso, paclobutrazol inoshandiswa pambesa dzemupunga mumwaka wanonoka mukurimwa kwenguva refu inogona kukonzera matambudziko emisoro kana mbesa dzikadzurwa, asi kana mbesa yembeu ikarimwa nekudyarwa, hazvikanganise chirimwa chinotevera.
(II) Kushandiswa Kwazvo kweMagadzirirwo Ekukura Kwemiti
1. Kusarudzwa Kwakarurama kweAnoshanda Kukura Regulators
Kusarudza zvakakodzera kukura regulators chinhu chinodiwa. Pakusarudza, pfungwa dzinotevera dzinofanira kucherechedzwa:
Kutanga, nzwisisa zvakakosha zvekukura regulators. Parizvino, pamusoro pe400 vamiririri vane chirimwa physiological regulating mabasa akawanikwa. Sezvo mutongi wega wega ane ega physicochemical zvimiro, maitiro ekuita, uye zvirimwa zvinoshanda, zvakakosha kuti unzwisise akakosha mapoinzi uye dziviriro usati washandisa.
Chechipiri, kujekesa chinangwa chekushandisa kukura regulator. Inowanzo shandiswa kukura regulators ine mabasa akadai sekusimudzira kukura kwemidzi, kudzivirira kukura, kuchengetedza maruva nemichero, kuwedzera kweshuga, kuuraya nhengo dzechirume dzekubereka, uye kukurumidza kuibva. Nekudaro, chirimwa chega chega chine zvakasiyana physiological zvinodiwa pamatanho ekukura akasiyana. Naizvozvo, kusarudzwa uye kushandisa zvine musoro kunofanirwa kuve kwakavakirwa pane chaiyo chirimwa uye danho rekukura.
Chechitatu, simbisa kusanganiswa kwakakodzera kwezvinomera zvinokura. Semuenzaniso, kusanganisa Naphthyl Acetic Acid neIndole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) inogona kuwedzera midzi-inosimudzira mhedzisiro pazvirimwa.
Chechina, ita miedzo yakakwana uye zviratidzo zvezvinomera zvinokura. Kushandiswa kwezvinomera zvinokura zvinogara zvichipesvedzerwa nenzvimbo nemamiriro ekunze, uye muyero uye kutarisisa kunofanirwa kusiyana pakati pematunhu. Kune zvigadziriso zvekukura kwezvirimwa zvisati zvamboshandiswa kare, miedzo inofanira kuitwa isati yashandiswa.
Chechishanu, teerera kune chigadzirwa chemhando yezvinomera kukura regulators kudzivirira kuunzwa kwekunyepedzera kana kusinganzwisisike chirimwa kukura regulators.
2. Gadzirira Zvakarurama Kugadziriswa Kunoshanda kweMiti Inokura Regulators
Chechitatu, sarudza kusungirirwa kwekushandisa zvichienderana nekupisa.
Chechina, kunyatsogadzirira kusungirirwa kunobva pane zvinobudirira zvikamu zvemuti wekukura regulator. Nokuti kune marudzi akawanda ezvinomera zvinokura zvinogadzirisa zvine zvakasiyana-siyana zvinobudirira zvemukati (semuenzaniso, 85% GA crystals, 4% GA emulsion), iyo yekuisa inofanira kuderedzwa nehuwandu hwakakodzera hwemvura maererano nezvikamu zvinoshanda panguva yekugadzirira.
3. Nyatso Tenzi Nzira dzeMashandisirwo eChirimwa Kukura Regulators
Nzira dzekushandisa zvigadziriso zvekukura kwechirimwa kazhinji dzinosanganisira kupfapfaidza, kuiswa kwemavara, nekunyudza.
(1) Kupfapfaidza: Paunenge uchishandisa nzira yekupfapfaidza, kunze kwekuziva nguva yakakodzera uye kuisa pfungwa, zvakakoshawo kusarudza minda yakakodzera yekupfapfaidza. Semuyenzaniso, pakupfapfaidza donje nemichina yekukura kwezvirimwa zvakaita sechlormequat chloride kana mepiquat chloride, sarudza minda ine hunde yakasimba uye kukura kwemashizha.
(2) Spot application: Paunenge uchiisa zvigadziriso zvekukura kwechirimwa nekushandiswa kwechivara, sarudza yakakodzera chirimwa chinokurisa uye kuisa pfungwa, uye dzivirira kuiswa kwemavara pakupisa kwakanyanya.
(3) Dipping: Paunenge uchishandisa zvigadziriso zvekukura kwezvirimwa nekunyura, teerera kune hukama pakati pekutarisa uye nharaunda. Semuenzaniso, kana mhepo yaoma, kubuda kwematavi nemashizha kwakakwirira, saka kusungirirwa kunofanira kuwedzerwa zvakakodzera uye nguva yekunyura inopfupiswa kuti usapinda zvakanyanya nekucheka uye kukonzera phytotoxicity. Chechipiri, teerera kune tembiricha yekucheka. Kazhinji, tembiricha yakakwana yemidzi uye kumera ndeye 20-30 ℃. Chechitatu, maneja makucheka mushure mekushandiswa kwezvinomera zvinokura. Zvakanakisisa kuisa ma cuttings muvhu rakanyorova, jecha rakanyoroveswa kana jecha rakanaka, uye kudzivirira zuva rakananga.
4. Kunyatsogadzirisa zvinomera zvekukura kwemiti mushure mekushandisa.
Kune zvirimwa zvinoshandisa zvigadziriso zvekukura kwechirimwa, manejimendi anofanirwa kuitwa zvichienderana nekukura kwechirimwa maitiro uye nezvinodiwa chaizvo zvechirimwa chekukura regulator.
