Mhando uye mabasa echirimwa kukura hormone

Kune marudzi matanhatu emahomoni ekukura kwezvirimwa, anoti auxin, Gibberellic Acid GA3, Cytokinin, ethylene, abscisic acid uye brassinosteroids, BRs.

Plant growth hormone, anonziwo chirimwa mahomoni echisikigo kana endogenous mahomoni echirimwa, inoreva mamwe mashoma ehuwandu hwemakemikari anogadzirwa muzvirimwa anogona kudzora (kusimudzira, kuvharidzira) maitiro avo ega ega.

1. Mhando dzehomoni yekukura kwemiti
Parizvino pane zvikamu zvishanu zvinozivikanwa zve phytohormones, zvinoti auxin, Gibberellic Acid GA3, Cytokinin, ethylene, uye abscisic acid. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, brassinosteroids (BRs) zvishoma nezvishoma zvakaonekwa sechikamu chechitanhatu chikuru che phytohormones.
1. auxin
(1) Kuwanikwa: auxin ndiyo yekutanga homoni yechirimwa yakawanikwa.
(2) Kugovera: auxin inoparadzirwa zvakanyanya mumiti, asi inonyanya kugoverwa muzvikamu zvinokura zvine simba uye zviduku. Zvakadai se: stem tip, root tip, fertiliser chamber, nezvimwe.
(3) Kutakura: Kune polar transport (inogona kutakurwa chete kubva kumucheto wepamusoro we morphology kusvika kumucheto wakadzika uye haigoni kutakurwa nenzira yakadzokera kumashure) uye kwete-polar transport phenomena. Mudzinde iri kuburikidza nephloem, mucoleoptile ndiyo parenchyma masero, uye mushizha iri mutsinga.

2.Gibberellic Acid (GA3)
(1) Inonzi Gibberellic Acid GA3 muna 1938; chimiro chayo chemakemikari chakaonekwa muna 1959.
(2) Synthesis site: Gibberellic Acid GA3 inowanzowanikwa mumiti yepamusoro, uye nzvimbo ine basa repamusoro reGibberellic Acid GA3 ndiyo nzvimbo yekukura kwemiti.
(3) Kufambisa: Gibberellic Acid GA3 haina polar kutakura mumiti. Mushure mekugadzirwa kwemuviri, inogona kutakurwa nenzira mbiri, ichidzika kuburikidza nephloem, uye kumusoro kuburikidza nexylem uye ichikwira nekuyerera kwemhepo.

3. Cytokinin
(1) Kuwanikwa: Kubva ku1962 kusvika ku1964, Cytokinin yepanyama yakatanga kuparadzaniswa kubva kune zviyo zvinotapira zviyo panguva yekutanga yekuzadza 11 kusvika 16 mazuva mushure mekusangana, inonzi zeatin uye chimiro chayo chemakemikari chakaonekwa.
(2) Kutakura uye metabolism: Cytokinin inowanzowanikwa mukukura nesimba, kupatsanura matishu kana nhengo, mbeu dzisina kukura, mbeu inomera uye michero inokura.

4. Abscisic acid
(1) Kuwanikwa: Munguva yehupenyu hwechirimwa, kana mararamiro asina kukodzera, dzimwe nhengo (dzakadai semichero, mashizha, nezvimwewo) dzichadonha; kana pakupera kwemwaka wekukura, mashizha achadonha, omira kukura, uye kupinda mudormancy. Mukati memaitiro aya, zvirimwa zvinoburitsa mhando yehomoni yechirimwa inodzivisa kukura nekukura, iyo inonzi abscisic acid. Saka abscisic acid chiratidzo chekukura kwembeu uye kusagadzikana kusagadzikana.
(2) Synthesis site: Biosynthesis uye metabolism ye abscisic acid. Midzi, madzinde, mashizha, michero, uye mhodzi muzvirimwa zvese zvinogona kugadzira abscisic acid.
(3) Kufambisa: abscisic acid inogona kutakurwa mune zvese zviri zviviri xylem uye phloem. Zvizhinji zvinotakurwa mu phloem.

5.Ethylene
(1) Ethylene igasi rakareruka kupfuura mweya patembiricha uye kudzvanywa kwemamiriro emuviri. Inoshanda panzvimbo ye synthesis uye haina kutakurwa.
(2) Nhengo dzese dzemiti yepamusoro dzinogona kuburitsa ethylene, asi huwandu hweethylene hwakaburitswa hwakasiyana mumhando dzakasiyana, nhengo uye nhanho dzekusimudzira. Semuenzaniso, matishu akakura anoburitsa ethylene shoma, nepo meristems, kumera kwembeu, maruva achangobva kusvava uye michero inoburitsa yakanyanya ethylene.

2. Physiological migumisiro yehomoni yekukura kwemiti
1. Auxin:
Inosimudzira kukura kwezvirimwa. Kurudzira kupatsanurwa kwesero.
2. Gibberellic Acid GA3:
Inosimudzira kupatsanurwa kwesero uye stem elongation. Kurudzira kuputika uye maruva. Break dormancy. Kurudzira kusiyanisa kwemaruva echirume uye kuwedzera chiyero chekuisa mbeu.
3. Cytokinin:
Inosimudzira kupatsanurwa kwesero. Kurudzira kusiyanisa bud. Kurudzira kuwedzera kwesero. Kurudzira kuvandudzwa kwema lateral buds uye kudzoreredza iyo apical mukana.

3. Is plant growth regulator hormone?
1. Plant growth regulator ihomoni. Plant growth hormone inoreva kutsvaga makemikari anowanikwa mumiti inogadzirisa uye inodzora kukura kwezvirimwa nekukura. Inonziwo Plant endogenous hormones.
2. Plant growth regulato inowanikwa neyakagadzirwa synthesis kana kudhirowa, pamwe chete ne microbial fermentation, nezvimwewo, uye inowanzonziwo Plant exogenous hormones.
Zvinonzi, auxin, Gibberellic Acid (GA), Cytokinin (CTK), abscisic acid (ABA), ethyne (ETH) uye brassinosteroid (BR). Iwo ese akareruka madiki-morekuru organic komisheni, asi iwo maitiro emuviri akaoma uye akasiyana. Semuenzaniso, iwo anobva pakukanganisa kupatsanurwa kwesero, kurebesa, uye kusiyanisa kusvika pakukanganisa kumera kwechirimwa, midzi, maruva, fruiting, kusarudza zvepabonde, dormancy, uye abscission. Naizvozvo, mahomoni ezvirimwa anoita basa rakakosha mukudzora nekudzora kukura nekukura kwechirimwa.