Kushandisa Magadzirirwo eKukura kweChirimwa Kubatsira muKurimwa Kwenzungu Yepamusoro-Goho.

Nzungu zvidyarwa zvepagore zvinomera zverudzi rweArachis yemhuri yeFabaceae. Ivo vakabva kuSouth America. Nyika dzinodarika zana pasi rose dzinorima nzungu, Asia iri iyo yakanyanya kuwanda, ichiteverwa neAfrica. Chikamu chinotevera, tichishandisa nzungu dzechirimo kuchamhembe kweChina semuenzaniso, chinodonongodza basa remwedzi nemwedzi rekuchengetedza mbesa yenzungu kubva pakudzvarwa kusvika pakukohwa.

I. Nguva yekugadzirira isati yadyarwa

1. Zviratidzo zveMunda: Sarudzo yeSite, Kudyara, Kusarudza Mbeu, Kurapa Mbeu

(1) Sarudzo Yenzvimbo

Dzivisa kurima mbesa. Kana chirimwa chapfuura chakohwewa, kurumidza kusakura kuti ubvise mashanga, kazhinji 10-17 cm, koromora uye kuenzanisa ivhu rekudyara. Mushure mekumera, rima nekukasira nekuisa fetereza inokurumidza kuita. Pakurima nzungu mumitsetse yegorosi, gejo rakadzika neharrow gorosi risati radyarwa, kusvika pakadzika zvinodarika 26 cm, woisa fetereza yepasi. Pakudyara mirwi, kureba kwemukova kunowanzoita masendimita gumi nemanomwe, kureba kwemukova kunosvika 33-40 cm, uye mutsara mumwe unodyarwa pamutsetse. Dyarai muchangobva kudyara mirwi kuitira kudzivirira kuparara kwemwando kusakanganisa kumera kwembesa.

(2) Isa fetireza yepasi yakakwana.

Huwandu hwefetireza yepasi inoiswa panzungu hunofanirwa kuita 70% -80% yezvese fetireza yaiswa, kunyanya ine organic fetireza yakaora, inowedzerwa neinorganic fetireza senge superphosphate, potassium chloride, uye lime. Iyo nitrogen, phosphorus, uye potassium mufotereza yepasi inogona kuiswa muchikamu che1:1:2.

(3) Sarudza mbeu nokungwarira.

Usati wadyara, nyatsosarudza mbeu, bvisa mbeu dzine chirwere, dzakaora, uye dzimwe dzisiri dzemhando yepamusoro, woiomesa nezuva kwemazuva 1-2 pazuva.

(4) Kupfekedzwa kwembeu uye kurapwa kwembeu.

Zvinangwa zvikuru zvekudzivirira nekudzora zvirwere zvemidzi nedzinde, zvakaita sekorona, kuora kwemidzi, kuodza kwetsinde, uye chirwere checyst nematode. Ngwarira kudzivirira uye kutonga kwezvipembenene zvepasi pevhu senge thread cricket, grubs, uye wireworms. Musanganiswa wefungicides, mishonga yezvipembenene, uye zvigadziriso zvekukura kwezvirimwa zvinogona kushandiswa kurapa mbeu kana kuvhara mbeu.

2. Kudzora sora nemakemikari

Kumwaya mishonga yesora isati yamera paivhu mushure mekudyara nzungu asi mbeu isati yamera zvinokwanisa kudzora sora.


II. Kumera kweMbeu uye Danho reMbeu

Kumera kwembeu nedanho rekudyara kunotsanangurwa senguva kubva pakudyarwa kusvika painobuda chikamu che50% chemadzinde ichikura shizha rekutanga rechokwadi.

1. Munda Management Indicators

Kurima kunoda mbesa yakakwana uye yakafanana kubuda mukudyara.

2. Main Kurima Techniques

Kuonda panguva kana kubvisa mbesa kubva mufirimu yemuchuchu, kutarisa madzinde uye kudyara patsva, kudzivirira kukuvadzwa kwechando, uye kushandisa zvigadziriso zvekukura zvakaita sepolyphenols, DA-6 amino acid ester, uye S-inducer paeka, zvichienderana nemamiriro ekunze, kuwedzera kusagadzikana kwekusagadzikana uye kurima mbesa dzakasimba.

III. Seedling Stage

Danho rembeu rinotsanangurwa senguva kubva pakumera kusvika 50% yembesa painovhura ruva radzo rekutanga.

1. Munda Management Indicators

Chengetedza kumera kwakazara kwembesa, kurudzira kukura kwemidzi uye madzinde akasimba, kurudzira kutanga uye kutumbuka kwakawanda, uye edza kuita dense branching uye internode kukura kuisa hwaro hwegoho guru.

2. Main Kurima Techniques

(1) Fertilization: Mbesa dzinotora nitrogen uye phosphorus shoma, asi panguva yerosette, kukura kwechirimwa kunowedzera zvakanyanya, nepo chikafu chinobva mumbeu chinenge chapera, uye mapfundo emidzi haasati aumbwa. Nokudaro, kushandiswa kwakakodzera kweN neP panguva yekudyara kunogona kukurudzira kukura kwemidzi, kufambisa nitrogen kugadziriswa nerhizobia, kukurudzira zvakanyanya kusiyanisa kwemaruva, uye kuwedzera nhamba yemaruva anobudirira. Zvinokurudzirwa kuti panguva ino, maererano nezvinodiwa nenzungu, kupfapfaidza foliar ye calcium nitrate ne potassium dinitrogen phosphate, pamwe chete nekushandiswa kweimwe kana maviri ekudzora akadai seSodium Nitrophenolates, DA-6, Brassinolide, Triacontanol, Chlormequat Chloride, uye Mepiquat chloride kusimudzira uye midzi ye chloride inosimudzira kukura uye midzi yeMepiquat. mbesa.

(2) Pest and Disease Management: Chirwere chikuru chinofanira kudzorwa panguva iyi igwapa remashizha. Kupfapfaidza paeka nemishonga yakadai semancozeb kana imazalil manganese munyu, yakasanganiswa nemaregulator akaita sesodium nitrophenolate, inogona kuvandudza kushanda kwayo nekudzorera simba rembeu. Chipembenene chikuru chekudzora maaphid, anogona kudzorwa nekupfapfaidza nemidacloprid, acetamiprid, nezvimwe.


IV. Ruva uye Peg-kugadzira Danho

Nhanho yekutumbuka uye yepegging, inozivikanwawo sedanho rekuchera, kubva pakutanga kwekutumbuka kusvika makumi mashanu muzana emiti inoratidza michero midiki yakaita sehuku.

1. Munda Management Indicators

Kurudzira maruva ekutanga uye akawanda, nechinangwa chekuti mapazi akawanda uye denser node dziise hwaro hwegoho repamusoro.

2. Main Kurima Techniques

(1) Fertilizer Management: Kutorwa kweN, P, uye K kunenge 23-33% yekutorwa kwese. Panguva ino, nhamba huru yemidzi midzi inoumba, ichipa nzungu nekuwedzera kwenitrogen. Zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa potassium, calcium, uye boron fetireza foliar panguva ino kuwedzera zvinovaka muviri zvinodiwa nzungu.

(2) Pest and Disease Management: Pest and disease management inofanira kuramba ichitarisa kudzivirira chirwere chemashizha, ichidzivirirawo ngura yenzungu. Kupfapfaidza paeka imwe chete neflusilazole kana imazalil manganese munyu, zvakasanganiswa nekupfapfaidza Sodium Nitrophenolates kana DA-6, wozomwaya zvakare mushure memazuva manomwe kusvika gumi ega ega zvinoburitsa zvibereko zviri nani. Panguva imwe chete, nekuda kwekukwira kwekushisa, kutarisisa kunofanirwa kubhadharwa kudzivirira kuitika kwechirwere chepeanut dwarfing virus. Kudzora aphid kunokosha panguva yekudyara. Kana kukuvara kwehutachiona hwehutachiona hunowanikwa, pamwe chete nekutonga kweaphid, kupfapfaidza paeka nemishonga inorwisa mabhakitiriya yakadai semethylphenidate inogona kudzivirira uye kuderedza kukuvara kwehutachiona.

V. Pod Formation Stage

Danho rekugadzira mapodhi kubva pakuonekwa kwemapodhi madiki kusvika pa50% yemiti ine mapodhi akazara.

1. Munda Management Indicators

Dzora kukura kwakanyanya kudzivirira pekugara, kudzivirira zvirwere zvemashizha, foliar pfapfaidza boron kuti uwedzere huremu hwemichero, uye uvandudze chiyero chemichero uye chiyero chekuzara.

2. Main Kurima Techniques

(1) Fertilizer Management: Kutora Nitrogen uye phosphorus panguva ino kunotora inenge 50% yehuwandu hwekunyura panguva yose yekukura. Kuve nechokwadi chekupa calcium panguva ino kunogona kuvandudza chiyero chekuzara; kuve nechokwadi chekupihwa kwe phosphorus kunogona kuvandudza mafuta embeu. Foliar spraying ye calcium nitrate uye boric acid, yakasanganiswa nekushandiswa kweamino acid esters, inogona kukurudzira midzi uye kuwedzera kwezvibereko, kuwedzera mashizha e photosynthetic kunyatsoshanda, uye panguva imwe chete, zvakakosha kusarudza uye kushandisa zvigadziri zvakadai se calcium cyclamate uye paclobutrazol kudzora kukura kwakanyanya.

(2) Pest and Disease Management: Zvirwere zvikuru zvinofanirwa kudzorwa panguva yekumisikidzwa kwepod ivara remashizha uye ngura. Panguva ino, chenjedzo inofanirwa kuenderera mberi nekupfapfaidza flusilazole kana imazalil manganese munyu paeka pamwe chete nefoliar fetireza. Pamusoro pezvo, nguva yekumisikidza nzungu mushure mehundi yegorosi inopindirana nekupisa kwakanyanya uye mwaka wekunaya kwemvura, uye nzungu bhakitiriya wilt inogona kuitika mushure memvura zhinji. Panguva ino, kuchenjerera kunofanira kubhadharwa kupfapfaidza yekurima streptomycin uye mamwe maajenti kudzivirira kuitika kwezvirwere zvebhakitiriya. Munzvimbo dzine tupukanana twakanyanya pasi pevhu, 40% phoxim EC kana 40% methyl isofenphos EC inogona kusanganiswa nevhu rakanaka kugadzira ivhu rine chepfu pamu (inoda kusvika 0.067 mahekita). Ivhu rine muchetura iri rinofanirwa kuwaridzwa pasi zvakaenzana risati rarima rozoiswa muvhu panguva yekurima. Microencapsulated formulations ye phoxim kana methyl isofenphos inotonyanya kushanda.

VI. Fruit Maturity Stage

Danho rekukura kwemuchero rinotsanangurwa senguva kubva apo 50% yezvirimwa zvave nemuchero kusvika apo mapods mazhinji anenge anyatsokura.

1. Munda Management Indicators
Chengetedza mashizha anoshanda, kudzivirira pokugara, kudzivirira kuchembera nguva isati yakwana, pfapfaidza phosphorus uye potassium fertilizer kukurudzira kuendeswa kwezvokudya kubva pamatanda nemashizha kusvika kumapodhi, kuwedzera pod content, uye kuwedzera uremu hwemichero.

2. Main Kurima Techniques

(1) Kutarisira Fetereza: Kushandiswa kwemvura uye zvinodiwa nefetereza zvinodzikira panguva yechipiri yekukura kwemichero. Kana kusanaya kwemvura kukaitika uye pasina kukwanisa kubhadhara, danho rekukura kwemichero richapfupiswa, zvichiita kuti goho riderere. Panguva ino, kutariswa kunofanira kubhadharwa pakubatanidza kupfapfaidza foliar ye phosphorus ne potassium mafetireza nekushandiswa kwezvinodzora zvakaita seSodium Nitrophenolates, DA-6, uye 6-BA kuvandudza kushanda kwemashizha, kukurudzira kukurumidza kushandurwa kwemacarbohydrates kuita mafuta, uye kudzivirira kudonha kwemashizha emuviri.

(2) Kutarisira zvipembenene nezvirwere: Nguva yekukura kwepod-filling ndiyo nguva yekupedzisira yekukura kwenzungu. Panguva ino, nhamba yemashizha emashizha uye huturu hwehutachiona hwakaungana kusvika pakukosha kukuru. Iwo ma control agents anofanirwa kutarisa pakudzikisa huwandu hwespores. Kupfapfaidza mancozeb kana imazalil manganese munyu pamu, zvakasanganiswa nekushandiswa kwezvinodzora kukura zvakaita seSodium Nitrophenolates kana DA-6, zvichave nemhedzisiro iri nani.

VII. Kukohwa nenguva uye kuchengetwa mumakungu

1. Kukohwa nenguva

(1) Kubva pakukura kwechirimwa;

(2) Kubva pahuwandu hwekuzadza pod: 80%;

(3) Zvichienderana nekushanduka kwetembiricha kana zvinodiwa pakuzodyara nzungu.

2. Chengetedzo muhombodo

Hunyoro hwekuchengetedza hunyoro hwemapods i10%.