Ukukhula kombala weziqhamo kungaphuculwa njani?

Ngethuba lenkqubo yokutshintsha umbala weziqhamo, i-chlorophyll iyancipha ngokuthe ngcembe kwaye ilahleke phantsi kwesenzo se-hydrolases; amanqanaba e-carotenoid anyuka kancinci, ngelixa i-anthocyanins iveliswa ngobuninzi kwaye iqokelele ngokuqhubekayo.

Njengoko isiqhamo sivuthwa, umbala waso womhlaba umiselwa ikakhulu yi-carotenoids (kunye ne-chlorophyll eshiyekileyo, engaphelelanga), ngelixa i-anthocyanins imisela umbala ongaphezulu. Ke ngoko, undoqo wokuphucula umbala weziqhamo ulele ekonyuseni uqokelelo lwe-carotenoids kunye ne-anthocyanins.

I. Inokwandiswa njani ukuqokelelana kwe-carotenoid?

I-Carotenoids zii-photosynthetic pigments ezifumaneka kwii-chloroplasts (amalungu esityalo sephotosynthetic). Ukwandisa umxholo we-chloroplast kunye nokuphucula ukusebenza kwe-photosynthetic yamagqabi kunye neziqhamo ezincinci kunokunyusa amanqanaba e-carotenoid kwisiqhamo esikhulayo.

II. Ingakhuthazwa njani imveliso ye-anthocyanin?

Ii-anthocyanins zimibala-bala enyibilikayo emanzini. I-synthesis yabo iqala xa ukuqokelela iswekile kwisiqhamo kufikelela kwinqanaba elibalulekileyo, lihamba kunye nokuveliswa kweehomoni ezithile ezingapheliyo-ingakumbi i-abscisic acid kunye ne-ethylene. Ukongeza, ukuvezwa kokukhanya kunye nokulingana kwezinto zeminerali ye-intracellular zizinto ezibalulekileyo eziphembelela ukuveliswa kwe-anthocyanin.

III. Ngawaphi amanyathelo anokuthatyathwa ukukhuthaza umbala weziqhamo?

1. Ukuphucula iimeko zokukhanya

Ukuxinana kokutyalayo okusengqiqweni: Gcina isithuba esifanelekileyo phakathi kwezityalo kunye nemiqolo ukwandisa umphezulu wendawo yamagqabi ekukhanyeni;

Ukuthena okufanelekileyo: Ukuseka isikhokelo esivulekileyo samasebe esikafula ukuphucula ukukhanya okungena ngaphakathi kwecanopy;

Ukususwa kwamagqabi, ukujikwa kweziqhamo, kunye ne-mulching ebonakalisayo: Yandisa umthamo wokukhanya ofikelela kwiziqhamo kunye nemifuno ukukhuthaza umbala.

2. Ukulinganisela ukutya

Ukuchumisa okunengqiqo: Faka isichumiso ngokwenzululwazi ukuqinisekisa ukutya okunesondlo. Oku kwandisa amandla ezityalo, kuphucula ukusebenza kakuhle kwephotosynthetic, kwaye kukhuthaza ukuqokelelwa kweswekile, ngaloo ndlela kuhlangabezana neemeko ezifunekayo kwi-anthocyanin synthesis. Ngokubanzi, amanqanaba asezantsi enitrogen kunye nephosphorus edityaniswe namazinga aphezulu e-potassium athanda imibala; Ukongeza, ukuxhaswa kwe-foliar nge-calcium, i-magnesium, kunye nezinto ezinqabileyo zomhlaba zinokuphucula ngakumbi uphuhliso lombala. Isondlo esongezelelweyo: Ukusetyenziswa kwe-Foliar ye-sucrose, i-glucose, okanye i-galactose inokukhuthaza umbala weziqhamo. Ukongeza, izitshizi ze-foliar eziqulethe izinto ezinjenge-chitin, chitosan, chitooligosaccharides, anthocyanins, carotenoids, bacteria photosynthetic, methyl jasmonate, glutamic acid, molybdenum-amino acid complexes, okanye i-tryptophan inokuvuselela ukubunjwa kwe-anthocyanin kunye nokunceda kumbala weziqhamo.

3. Ulawulo kusetyenziswa abalawuli bokukhula kwezityalo

Izilawuli ezisetyenziswa ngokuqhelekileyo zokukhuthaza umbala weziqhamo kunye nokuvuthwa ziquka i-abscisic acid (ABA), i-6-BA, kunye ne-ethephon, kunye ne-ethephon esetyenziswa rhoqo.