Umehluko we-Flower Bud: Ukhiye Wokusimama Kwezivuno Eziphezulu Nekhwalithi Ekukhiqizweni Kwezithelo Zezitshalo

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezimbali kuyisici esibalulekile esinquma isivuno esiphezulu, ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile, kanye nezinga eliphezulu ekukhiqizeni izithelo zezitshalo. Kuphela ngokuphatha ngempumelelo ngalesi sikhathi lapho kungaqinisekiswa khona isivuno esikhulu.
Ukwehlukaniswa kwezimbali ngokuyinhloko kuqhubeka ngezigaba ezimbili ezihlukene: isigaba sokuhlukaniswa komzimba kanye nesigaba sokuhlukaniswa kwe-morphological.

1. Isigaba Sokuhlukaniswa Kwezinto Eziphilayo:Lesi sigaba sinquma ukuguqulwa kwehlumela eliyi-axillary lisuke ehlumeni elimilayo libe ihlumela lezimbali. Umongo walesi sikhathi ukuqoqwa komsoco—ikakhulukazi, ukunqwabelana kwezakhi, izinto ezilawulayo, nezinto zofuzo ezidingekayo ukuze kwakhiwe imbali. Umphumela wokusebenzelana okudidiyelwe kwalezi zinto ezihlukahlukene ngaphakathi kwamaqoqo amaseli ephuzu lokukhula kuwushintsho olusuka ekushintsheni komthamo luye ekushintsheni kwekhwalithi, ngaleyo ndlela kubekwa isisekelo esiphathekayo sokuhlukaniswa kokuma kokwakheka komhlaba okulandelayo.

2. Isigaba Sokuhlukana Kwe-morphological: Ukwakhela phezu kwesigaba sokuhlukaniswa kwe-physiological, lesi sikhathi sibonakala ngezinguquko kumetabolism yezinto ezibonakalayo ze-leaf primordia kanye noshintsho ku-tissue morphology yendawo yokukhula. Ngalesi sikhathi, amaqabunga ezimbali kanye nama-vegetative ahlukaniswa kancane kancane, okuphawula ukungena esigabeni sokuhlukaniswa kwe-morphological—ikakhulukazi, isigaba sokuqala sokumila kwezimbali. Inqubo ibe isiqhubeka ngokulandelana ngezigaba ezinhlanu ezihlukene: ukuhlukaniswa kwe-calyx, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-petal, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-stamen, ukuhlukaniswa kwe-pistil, njalonjalo. Yonke le nqubo ivamise ukuqala ngasekupheleni kukaNovemba futhi iphele maphakathi kuya ngasekupheleni kukaMashi wonyaka olandelayo, ithatha isikhathi esingangezinsuku eziyi-120. Izinga eliphezulu lezimbali zezimbali linqunywa kakhulu ngalesi sigaba; ngakho-ke, ukuze ulawule ngempumelelo ikhwalithi yezimbali, kubalulekile ukuqinisekisa ukwesekwa okwanele kokudla okunomsoco kulo lonke ukuqhubeka-kusukela esigabeni sokuqala sokuqoqwa kwezakhi kuya esigabeni sokukhula esilandelayo lapho izitho zezimbali zibonakala zibonakala.

Ukucatshangelwa Okubalulekile Ngesikhathi Sokuhluka Kwezimbali Zezitshalo

1. Ukukhanya:Ukukhanya kuyisici sangaphandle esibalulekile enqubweni yokuhlukaniswa kwezimbali. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokukhanya okwanele, ukuhlukaniswa kwezimbali zezimbali kuqhubeka ngokujwayelekile nangokushelela; ngokuphambene, ukukhanya okubuthakathaka kunciphisa ukukhiqizwa kwama-metabolite e-photosynthetic, ngaleyo ndlela kunciphisa ukunikezwa kwezakhi ezidingekayo ukuze kuhlukaniswe futhi kuvimbele ukwakheka kwezimbali.

2. Umswakama:Ngaphansi kwezimo zamazinga omswakama afanelekile, ukujikeleza kwezakhi phakathi kwezihlahla zezithelo kuyashesha futhi kusebenza kahle, ngaleyo ndlela kwenelisa izidingo zomsoco ezihambisana nokuhlukaniswa kwezimbali. Ngokuphambene, isomiso esidlulele sivimbela ukwakheka kwezimbali zezimbali futhi kwandisa amathuba okukhiqiza izimbali ezibuthakathaka noma eziphansi.

3. Izakhamzimba:Kokubili izinqubo ze-physiological kanye ne-morphological yokuhlukaniswa kwezimbali zibeka izidingo eziphezulu kakhulu ekutholakaleni kwezakhi. Ikakhulukazi, izakhi ezifana ne-boron ne-phosphorus zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuqhubeka ngempumelelo kokuhlukaniswa kwezimbali. Phakathi nale nqubo, ukuntuleka kwe-boron kungabangela kalula ukukhubazeka kwezimbali, kuyilapho ukuntuleka kwe-phosphorus kuvame ukuholela ekuweni kwezimbali; zombili izimo zinomthelela omubi kakhulu kukho kokubili isivuno kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo.

4. Izinga lokushisa:Ukuhlukaniswa kwezimbali kungaqhubeka ngokujwayelekile kuphela ngaphansi kwezimo zokushisa ezifanele. Uma amazinga okushisa engafaneleki, kuzoholela ngokuqondile ekuhlulekeni kokuhlukaniswa kwezimbali kanye nokunciphisa izinga lokuqhakaza.

Izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo ezikhuthaza ukuhlukaniswa kwezimbali zezimbali ngokuyinhloko zihlanganisa ama-cytokinins, i-paclobutrazol (Paclo), i-ethephon, i-chlormequat chloride (CCC), ne-brassinolides (BRs). Lezi zinto zisebenza ngokulawula ibhalansi yamahomoni ezitshalo noma ngokuvimbela ukukhula kwezitshalo, ngaleyo ndlela zenze isitshalo siguqule ukugxila kwaso ekukhuleni kokuzala.


Izilawuli Eziyinhloko kanye Nezinqubo Zazo Zesenzo:
Ama-Cytokinins (isb., 6-BA)
Vuselela ngokuqondile ukuhlukana kwamaseli ngaphakathi kwe-bud primordia futhi ukhuthaze ukuguqulwa kwefihlekile yemifino ibe imiqumbe yezimbali, okuwenza abe elinye lamahomoni aqondile nasebenza ngempumelelo ekuthuthukiseni ukuqhakaza. Zifanele izitshalo ezifana nezihlahla zezithelo nezimbali zokuhlobisa, ziveza imiphumela ebaluleke kakhulu uma zisetshenziswa phakathi nesigaba sokuhlukaniswa kokuphila kwezimbali.

I-Paclobutrazol (Paclo)
Ivimbela ukwakheka kwe-gibberellin ukuze kunqandwe ukunwebeka ngokweqile kweziqu namahlamvu, ngaleyo ndlela kuphoqe umsoco ukuthi ugxile phakathi kwezimbali; lokhu ekugcineni kuthuthukisa kokubili ubuningi kanye nekhwalithi yezimbali zezimbali. Isetshenziswa kakhulu ezihlahleni zezithelo ezifana nama-apula, amawolintshi, namagilebhisi, ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ekuhlanganiseni kuka-100–150 ppm.

I-Ethephon
Ikhulula i-ethylene ukuze icindezele ukubusa kwe-apical, ngaleyo ndlela ikhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kwama-lateral buds kanye nokwakheka kwezimbali zezimbali. Isetshenziswa kaningi ukulawula ukuqhakaza kwezihlahla zezithelo zase-subtropical naseNingizimu Asia, njengama-lychee nama-longans.

I-Chlormequat Chloride (CCC)
Ivimbela ukwanda kwamaseli we-stem, ngaleyo ndlela ithuthukise ukungena komoya kanye nokukhanya kokungena ngaphakathi kwe-canopy yesitshalo; lokhu kusiza ngokungaqondile ukuhlukaniswa kwezimbali ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo kuthuthukisa ukumelana kwesitshalo lapho kuhlala khona (ukuwa).

Ama-Brassinolides (BRs)
Nakuba zihlukaniswa njengezilawuli ze-spectrum ebanzi, zisekela ngokungaqondile ukuhlukaniswa kwezimbali ngokulawula ukukhula kwezitshalo ngokweqile, ukuthuthukisa ukubekezelela ingcindezi, nokukhuthaza ukudluliselwa kwemikhiqizo ye-photosynthetic ezithweni zezimbali. Zinephrofayili yokuphepha ephezulu futhi zilungele ukusetshenziswa ngokuhambisana nomanyolo we-phosphorus-potassium kanye nomanyolo we-boron.